考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷347

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷347

一、閱讀（補(bǔ)全短文）（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共

20分。）

Youarcgoingtoreadatextaboutnegotiatingrulesforaraise,followedbyalistof

evidences.ChoosethebestevidencefromthelistA?Fforeachnumbered

subheading。~5）.Thereisoneextraevidencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Although

womenhavecertainlymadeplentyofprogressintheworkplaceoverthepastthree

decades,theglassceilingremainsfirmlyinplaceatmanycompanies—especiallywhenit

comestocompensation.Butsomeexpertsnowsuggestthatthewageimbalancebetv/een

thesexescouldhaveasrruchtodowithwomen'sfailuretonegotiatewellasanyother

factor.Sohowcanwomen—andmentoo,forthatmatternegotiatebetterdealsinthe

workplace?Millerrecentlyspokeonthetopicataworkshoporganizedbythe

AdvertisingWomenofNewYork.Here'sacrashcourseonhisfindings:[Cl]Show

enthusiasm.Themostimportantmistakeyoucanmakeistoactpassiveandwaitforthem

tolureyouwithafantasticoffer.[C2]Knowwhatyouwant.You'retryingtogeta

betterjobthanwhatyouhave,notasolutiontoallyourproblems.[C31Avoidshowing

yourhand.Ininterviews,manycandidatesareasked:Howmuchdoyouearnatyour

currentjob?Doyoublurtitout?That'sahugemistake—youloseamajorbargaining

tool.Sohowdoyoudealwithit?Learntosaythatit'snotaboutthemoney,butratherthe

jobitselfthatattractsyoutothecompany.[C4]Showwhyyou'rethebestfit.Startby

knowingthatyoualreadyhavetheskillsforthejobifyougetaninterview,andthatthey'

retalkingtoatleastfiveotherpeopleinthesamesituationasyou.Whatyouhavetodois

toshowthatyouaretheperfectmatchfbrtheirneeds.[C5]Beonthelookoutatall

times.Evenifyouloveyourcurrentjob,it'salwaysgoodtohaveonefootinthe

marketplace.Network,network,network.Meetfolksinthesameindustrybyjoininga

professionalorganizationandparticipateinhigh-visibilityactivities.Gettoknowpeople

whoareinapositiontohireyoubeforeyou'reinapositionwhereyouneedajob.It's

easiertodeveloparelationshipwithpeoplewhenyoudon'tneedanythingfromthem.

Considerjoiningasocialcluborworkingfbracharity.Itnotonlyhelpsintroduceyouto

peopleinyourareabutalsoexposesyoutopeopleinotherfieldsthatyoumightbe

interestedinexploring.[A]Infact,avoidtalkingaboutmoneyuntilthelastlegofthe

interviewprocess,whenthey'rereadytomakeyouanoffer.Thenyou'llknowyou'rethe

candidatetheywant,andtheballisinyourcourt.[B]Sodon'tgettooemotionally

attachedtothejobforwhichyou'reinterviewing.Somethingmayseemlikeadrcamjob

fromtheoutside,butit'simportanttoremainobjective.Youshouldbeabletowalkaway

withoutremorseiftheycan'tmeetwhatyoumostwantfromthejob.|C|Ithelpsin

determiningyourownworthandcangiveyouanothertooltonegotiateapromotionor

raiseatyourcurrentjob.Somakesureyoukeepyourearsperkedup,albeitdiscreetly.

[D]Dancearoundthenumberandaskwhatthey'vebudgetedfortheposition.Ifpressed.

bepreparedwithanumberthatreflectsyourtotalcurrentcompensation,includingall

benefitsandbonus.[E]Thccar-buyingapproachwithadealer——"I'llgoelsewhereifyou

won'tgivemethebestdeal"won'tworkwithemployment.Youhavetoshowexcitement

andenthusiasmandmaketheemployerwantyou.|F]Asktherightquestionsaboutthe

cultureandthejobrequirements,andpeppertheconversationwithwhatyourown

expectationsare.Ifit'sateamculture,giveexamplesofsituationswhereyouhavebeena

greatteamplayer.Ifthecompanycentersmoreonindividualperformance,showhow

yougenerategreatideas.

K[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本語段的強(qiáng)調(diào)的是談判過程中應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)的熱情積極，而不是消極等

待。選項(xiàng)E中的買汽車的例子則從反面論證了消極等待不適合找工作時(shí)的談判。

找工作時(shí)應(yīng)該讓雇主看到面試者對工作的熱情才是獲得工作的最佳途徑。選項(xiàng)中的

excitementandenthusiasm與標(biāo)題相呼應(yīng)，因此E是最佳選項(xiàng)。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本語段的主要內(nèi)容是找工作時(shí)要知道自己最想要的是什么，即明確目

標(biāo)。因此支持本段的語句應(yīng)是圍繞得到自己最想要的展開。選項(xiàng)B則是從正反兩

個(gè)方面論述了如何對待選擇的問題：當(dāng)面對看上去特別理想的工作時(shí)，要對此有客

觀的評價(jià)，而如果工作不能滿足自己最想要的，那就果斷地離開。該選項(xiàng)與段落標(biāo)

題相符。同時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中的whatyoumostwant與標(biāo)題相對應(yīng)。故B是最佳選項(xiàng)。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本語段的主要內(nèi)容是在面試過程中應(yīng)該避免因?yàn)橥嘎┳约旱牡准?xì)而失

去談判的機(jī)會(huì)。以工資為例，論述了如何在面試中應(yīng)對此類容易露底的問題。選項(xiàng)

D則針對工資的問題論述了如何應(yīng)對此類提問，是對段落的延伸，故D為最佳選

項(xiàng)。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本語段的主題為：表明為什么自己是最適合的。段落中論述了求職者

應(yīng)該向雇主表明自己是所有求職者中最適合這份，作，最能滿足對方需求的人選。

論據(jù)應(yīng)選擇與表達(dá)自己的優(yōu)勢相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)F則從團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作和個(gè)人表現(xiàn)等方

面論述了個(gè)人如何滿足公司的要求，故F為最佳答案。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)詞析：本語段的主題為：時(shí)刻尋找更好的工作。段落指出時(shí)刻關(guān)注就業(yè)市場

對自己的有好處的。C選項(xiàng)則具體論述了好處是什么，如晉升或漲工資等，是段落

的延伸，且最后一句“應(yīng)該一直豎起耳朵留意情況''也與標(biāo)題"時(shí)刻尋找''相呼應(yīng)，故

C是最佳答案。

Youarcgoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutpanicattacks.Choosethemost

suitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(l~5).Therearctwo

extraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.|A]Whatispanicdisorder?|B|Doesitrun

infamilies?|C]HowcanIcope?|D]Whatisthebesttherapy?|E]Whatcausesapanic

attack?[F]Howtodiagnosepanicattack?|G]Whatisapanicattack?Itcancomeoutof

nowhere.You'reshoppingforgroceriesorbucklingyourseatbeltwhensuddenlyyour

musclescontractandyourheartbeginstopound.Panicattackscanbebothbewildering

andterrifying,butthey'renotunusual.Anestimated2.4millionpeopleexperienceone

everyyear.Itmaybeginastightnessinthechest,shortnessofbreathoragalloping

heartbeat.Manysufferersbelievetheyarchavingaheartattackandrushtothe

emergencyroom.Prevalencerateshavebeenontheupswingsincethe1950s,although

manyexpertsbelievewhatseemslikeatrendissimplybetterdiagnosis.[Cl]

Morethanafeelingofanxiety,apanicattackproducesdistinctivephysicalsymptoms.

Eachpersonexperiencespanicdifferently,butmostpeoplereportintensefear

accompaniedbybodilysensationsthatcanrangefromaracinghearttonauseaand

dizziness.Paniccancomeonsuddenlyorslowlyandusuallylastsnomorethan20

minutesatitspeak.[C2]Scientistsbelievepanicattacksstemfromthebrain's

"fightorflight"systemgoneawry,oftenignitedbystressoratraumaticevent.Inour

high-octanesociety,thatresponsecankickinwithnorealthreatinsightorafterthe

sourceofstressislonggone.Researchsuggeststhatchronicpanicsufferersmaybe

easilyflummoxedbytheirbodilysensations.Someonevulnerabletopanicmight

interpretarapidheartbeatasaheartattack.Iffearoverwhelmsher,thesymptoms

intensifyinaviciouscycle.[C3]Vulnerabilitytoanxietymayhavea

biologicalbasis.Ifaparentorsiblinghaspanicattacks,aperson'sriskincreasesbyabout

sixfold.AYalestudyfoundthatpanicattacksufferershadfewerserotoninreceptorsin

theirbrains,whileotherstudiessuggestthosewithanxietymayhaveoverlysensitive

"suffocationalarmsystems",whichdcicctashortageofoxygenevenundernormal

conditions.[C4]Panicattacksaresofrighteningthatsuffererswilldojust

aboutanythingtoavoidanother.Thatmaymeanstayingawayfromsituationsassociated

withanxiety.Someonewhooncepanickedonanairplanemightdecidenottofly.Butthe

fearoftenextendstoothersettings;theplanephobicmightstarttodreadcarsandbuses

aswell.Peoplewithfull-blownpanicdisorder,inwhichattacksarcafrequentproblem,

feelconstantlyvulnerable,whichforcesthemtobevigilant.Onlyaboutathirdofpeople

whogetoccasionalpanicattackswillgoontodeveloppanicdisorder.Eventhoughmen

andwomenreporttheattackswithequalfrequency,womenaretwiceaslikelytogetthe

disorder.[C5]Antidepressantmedicationmayhelpalleviatepanic.However,

cognitive-behavioraltherapymayworkevenbetter;researchersestimatethatupto80

percentofpanicsuffererscanbehelpedbypsychotherapyalone.Therapistsoftentreat

panicbyexposingthepatienttofearedsettingsofincreasingintensity.Exposuretherapy

canalsoincludeexposuretothephysicalsensationsofpanicspinningclientsincirclesto

makethen】dizzy,havingtheminhalecaibondioxideorbreathethroughastrawoijogto

raisetheirheartrates.Onceclientslearnthatthosefeelingsdonotsignalimpending

doom,theycanbetterwithstandpanic-andeventuallypreventitaltogether.

6、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段的主要內(nèi)容是介紹驚恐癥的基本癥狀和持續(xù)時(shí)間。段首指出驚恐

癥會(huì)感到焦慮，并且大多數(shù)人會(huì)感到恐懼伴隨身體上的反應(yīng)，從心悸到惡心，頭暈

等。并且驚恐癥的出現(xiàn)可能是緩慢的或者突然的，持續(xù)時(shí)間不超過20分鐘。由此

可以判定本語段主要是介紹什么是驚恐癥，故G是最佳答案。

7、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)角》析：本部分主要分析了引發(fā)驚恐癥的原因一一由于刺激或創(chuàng)傷引發(fā)的腦

“應(yīng)激反應(yīng)”系統(tǒng)失靈。并且有研究者認(rèn)為患慢性驚恐痘的人還會(huì)患上更嚴(yán)重的綜合

癥。由此可以判定本段的主旨是闡述導(dǎo)致驚恐癥的原因，故E是最佳答案。

8、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該語段主要介紹了驚恐癥的生物遺傳性：如果父母或兄弟姐妹中有人

患驚恐癥，那么一個(gè)人患病幾率會(huì)增加六倍。故B為最佳選項(xiàng)。

9、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該語段主要介紹了驚恐癥患者如何防止驚恐癥復(fù)發(fā)，什么是驚恐性紊

亂，以及患驚恐性紊亂的性別趨勢。可以判斷本部分主要是論述什么是驚恐性紊

亂，故A是最佳答案。

10、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分主要介紹了治療驚恐癥的多種途徑：抗抑郁藥物、認(rèn)知行為理

療、心理治療等，并指出認(rèn)知行為理療是比抗抑郁藥物更好的治療驚恐癥的方法，

文章還詳細(xì)描述了暴露療法的具體治療過程，可以判斷這兩段丈字主要是介紹驚恐

癥的治療方法，故C為最佳選項(xiàng)。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1~5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA?Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Anybodywhohaseverbeen

insideasupermarkethasencounteredgreatervarietyinfiveminutesthanMarcoPolo

wasexposedtoinalifetime.Hundredsofbreakfastcerealsstandacrosstheaislefromas

manydifferentcookies,includingenoughsubspeciesofchocolatechiptoprovidethe

adventurousanewtypeeachdayofthemonth.[Cl]HadMarcoPolohad

accesstoaPathMarkoraSafeway,hecouldhavebeenaworld-classexplorerwithout

travelinganywhere(fbrbreakfastalone,hecouldhavediscoveredsevenkindsof

Cheerios).[C2]Timeisonlyoneofmanyhiddencostsofabundancetoour

society,accordingtoSwarthmoresocialpsychologistBarrySchwartzinhisintermittently

brilliantsixthbook,"TheParadoxofChoice"."Asaculture,weareenamoredof

freedom,self-determination,andvariety,andwcarcreluctanttogiveupanyofour

options,"hewriteswithcharacteristicdirectness."Rutclingingtenaciouslytoallthe

choicesavailabletouscontributestobaddecisions,toanxiety,stress,and

dissatisfaction-eventoclinicaldepression."[C3]Rut,asSchwartzably

documents,weenteranequivalentsupermarketofoptionswhendecidingwherewewant

tolive,forwhomwewanttowork,andevenhowwewanttolook.Whilefewhave

completeautonomy,acombinationoftechnologicalefficiencyandlaissez-fairemorality

haveopenedmorechoicestomoreAmericansthaneverbefore.Thereportthatmore

Americansarealsomoreunhappythaneverbeforemightsimplybeaperverse

coincidence.[C4]Yet,thecaseSchwartzmakesforacorrelationbetweenour

emotionalstateandwhathecallsthe"tyrannyofchoice"iscompelling,theimplications

disturbing.Fromunmetexpectationstoregretovertheroadnottaken,theperilsofliving

inamultiple-choicesocietyrivalinnumberthevarietyofsnacksinthelargestgrocery

store.Drivingthismalaiseistheproblemthat"everythingsuffersfromcomparison".

Schwartzdescribesasimpleexperimentinwhichpeopleareaskedwhetherthey'drather

begiven$100outright,orgambleonwinning$200atthetossofacoin.Thatthevast

majoritywouldpreferthe$100mayseemstrangeatfirst:a50percentchanceofearning

$200ismathematicallyequivalenttoa100percentchanceofearning$100.Halfthe

peopleaskedoughttooptforthecointoss.[C5]Economistscapturethis

phenomenoninthelawofdiminishingmarginalutility(andprovideustheformulaeto

calculatethat,psychologically,we'dneedwinningsofS240tobeequallytemptedbythe

cointoss).How,though,doesthisasymmetryrelatetoreal-lifechoices?Iflosses

subjectivelyweighmoreheavilythangains,theadvantagesofanychocolatechipcookie

orcareerpathweselectwillcountforlessthanthoseoftheoptionswepassup.|A|With

somanyoptionstochoosefrom,thepoormanwouldscarcelyhavehadtimetogetoutof

town.[B]Wemayevenquestionthestatistics:asthesocialstigmaassociatedwith

depressiondecreases,peoplemaybemoreopenabouttheirlistlessness.Theymayeven

feelencouragedtoconsiderthemselvesdepressedasthesubjectreceivessomuch

attentioninthemedia.[CJWhatarewetodo?Schwartzthinkshehassomeanswers.

However,whileshrewdlyavoidingtheage-oldcalltoturnbackthehandsoftime,he

stumblesinsteadheadlongintotheabyssofgratuitousself-help.|D|However,the

alternativesarenotpsychologicallyequivalent;Gettingtwicethemoneyisnottwiceas

pleasurable.Thedistancebetweenzeroand100issubjectivelygreaterthanthedistance

between100and200.[E]Rulthat'sjustthestart:Theaveragegrocerystorestocks30,000

distinctitems,ofwhich20,000areunceremoniouslyclumpedandreplacedannually.

[F]Schwartz'smistakeistoassumethatweneedanswers,anabundanceofthem,andthat

suchsolutionscanbeproducedandconsumedaseasilyasbreakfastcereals.[G]Wcrclife

limitedtoshoppingfbrchocolatechipcookiesandCheerios,suchaclaimmightseem

exaggerated,ifnotabsurd.

11、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題獨(dú)立成段.應(yīng)與上下文意思保持一致。根據(jù)上文，作者描述了超

級(jí)市場中種類繁多的各種商品，并且同一種類的商品也有各種不同的類別。下文開

端也是描述了商場中的商品種類繁多這一主題。因此選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與商品種類繁多有關(guān)。

通讀選項(xiàng)可發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)E通過描寫雜貨店的幾萬件商品庫存，且每年會(huì)有兩萬件

被隨便丟棄和替換說明了商品種類繁多的事實(shí).與上下文保持連貫，故E選項(xiàng)是

最佳選項(xiàng)。

12、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題位于段末，應(yīng)與前文意思相符。前文大意是帕斯馬克商店或者賽

威商場有品種繁多的商品，即使是不用再去別的地方，就可以買到需要的商品。選

項(xiàng)A以Withsomanyoptionstochoosefrom（面臨眾多選擇）開頭，與前文的商品種類

多相銜接。故A為最佳選項(xiàng)。

13、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題位于段首，應(yīng)從下文內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行判斷。下丈的大意為我們面臨的

眾多選擇就像把自己置身于一個(gè)超級(jí)市場，有眾多的商品可供我們選擇，但是很少

有人能獲得徹底的自主權(quán)，而枝術(shù)和道德觀的結(jié)合則為人們提供了更多的選擇。由

此可以判斷本段主要是說在日常生活中人們將面臨很多選擇。選項(xiàng)G則從反面列

舉了巧克力碎餅干和麥圈等有限的選擇來說明選擇有限不符合實(shí)際.是從反面論述

下文內(nèi)容，故G為最佳選項(xiàng)。

14、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：木題應(yīng)從上文獲取答題信息…上文表明指出美國人比過去更不開心，

此類報(bào)道可能僅是一種偶然的巧合，因此下文應(yīng)證明該報(bào)道的偶然性。選項(xiàng)B指

出人們對統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)疑態(tài)度，并通過美國人更加正視自己的頹廢來說明美國人能

用正確的心態(tài)對待選擇。因此B是最佳選項(xiàng)。

15>[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題應(yīng)從上文中獲取信息。上文通過100美元和200美元的試驗(yàn)，測

試了“所有的事情都受到相互比較之苦的問題，并給出了測試結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該延續(xù)

測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。選項(xiàng)D從100美元和200美元的選擇行為和心理感受的不同

對前文的測試結(jié)果給以分析，故D是最佳答案。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Duringthepastdecade,the

UnitedStatesandRussiahavejoinedinanumberofeffortstoreducethedangerposed

bytheenormousquantityofweapons-usablematerialwithdrawnfromnuclearweapons.

Othercountriesandvariousprivategroupshaveassistedinthistask.[Cl]

Theserisksfallintothreeclasses:theriskthatsomefraction,beitlargeorsmall,ofthe

inventoriesofnuclearweaponsheldbyeightcountrieswillbedetonatedeitherby

accidentordeliberately;theriskthatnuclearweaponstechnologywilldiffuseto

additionalnations;andtheriskthatnuclearweaponswillreachthehandsofterrorist

individualsorgroups.[C2]Indeed,successincontainingtheseriskswouldfly

inthefaceofhistoricalprecedent.Allnewtechnologieshavebecomedual-use,inthat

theyhavebeenusedbothtoimprovethehumanconditionandastoolsinmilitary

conflict.Moreover,allnewtechnologieshave,intime,spreadaroundtheglobe.Butthis

precedentmustbebrokenwithrespecttothereleaseofnucleartechnology.[C3]

SincetheendoftheColdWar,thelikelihoodthatoneoranothercountrywould

deliberatelyusenuclearweaponshasindeedlessened,althoughtheconsequencesofsuch

usewouldbeenormous.Therefore,thisriskhasbynomeansdisappeared.Inparticular,

nuclearweaponsmightbeusedinaregionalconflict,suchasbetweenIndiaandPakistan.

[C4]Allothernationsoftheworldhavejoinedthetreatyas"Non-Nuclear

WeaponsStates",butonecountry(NorthKorea)haswithdrawn.Somecountries—

presumedtoincludeIranand.untiltheousterofSaddamHussein,Iraq—maintain

ambitionstogainnuclearweapons.Amuchlargernumberofcountrieshavepursued

nuclearweaponsprogramsinthepastbuthavebeenpersuadedtoabandonthem.[C5]

Inordertodecreasethediscriminatorynatureoftheagreement,thenations

possessingnuclearweaponsareobligatedtoassistothernationsinthepeaceful

applicationsofnuclearenergy.And,mostimportantofall,theNuclearWeaponsStates

haveagreedtoreducetheroleofnuclearweaponsininternationalrelationsandtowork

ingoodfaithtowardtheirelimination.Itisinrespecttothislatterobligationthatthe

UnitedStateshasbeenmostdeficient.Infact,thecurrentBushadministration'srecent

NuclearPostureReviewprojectsanindefiniteneedformanythousandsofnuclear

weapons,andevensearchesfornewmissionsforthem[AJThcrefore,thepreventionof

nuclearcatastrophecausedbyterroristshastorelyeitheroninterdictingtheexplosive

materialsthatareessentialtomakingnuclearweapons(highlyenricheduraniumand

plutonium,inparticular)oronpreventingthehostiledeliveryofsuchweapons.[B]The

riskofproliferationofnuclearweaponsamongcountrieshasbeenlimitedinthepastby

theNuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty(NPT),signedin1968.Thetreatyrecognizesfive

countriesas"NuclearWeaponsStates,"andthreeothercountriesnotpartytothetreaty

aredefactopossessorsofnuclearwea