《虛擬拍攝》課件-虛幻引擎簡介

GameProgramminginUE4GameFramework&SampleProjectsGerkeMaxPreussnermax.preussner@GameFrameworkHistoryUE1andUE2DesignedforFirstPersonShooters(FPS)UnrealScriptgamescriptinglanguageUE3KismetVisualScriptingaddedMoremodulargameclassesButstillveryFPScentricUE4UnrealScriptreplacedwithBlueprintsGamegenreagnosticLotsofsampleprojects!UnrealScriptvs.C++vs.BlueprintsUnrealScriptwas:Anobject-orientedscriptinglanguageSimilarinsyntaxtoC,C++,Java,butalsosomewhatdifferentCompiledtovirtualmachinebytecodeAddinginterestingfeatures,suchasStates,Timers,DelegatesBlueprintsare:AvisualscriptingsystemthatisartistanddesignerfriendlyUsingthesamevirtualmachineasUnrealScriptAlmostaspowerfulasUnrealScript,andinsomewaysevenbetterC++has:AlwaysbeenpartofUEgameprogrammingTightbi-directionalintegrationswiththevirtualmachineBeengreatlyimprovedinUE4toreplaceUnrealScriptforcodersC++BlueprintsVMSoWhatIsTheGameFramework?OverviewWhyUseIt?SetOfFoundationClassesProvidebasicstructureandfunctionsofyourgameYouderivefromtheclassesthatyouneedFillinthedetailsforyourparticulargameWhat’sMissing?GamegenrespecificimplementationsNoconceptofhealthanddeathNobuilt-inclassesforweapons,inventory,etc.SoWhatIsTheGameFramework?OverviewWhyUseIt?ReducedLearningCurveHidesthelow-leveldetailsofgameenginesBenefitfrom20+yearsofgamedevelopingexperienceManysamplesandtutorialsforsolvingcommontasksHighProductivityFocusonwhatreallymatterstoyou:makingyourgameSolvesmanytrickyproblemsingames(movement,input,etc.)GreatlyreducesboilerplatecodeneededforallgamesScalabilitySmoothlygrowyourgame&teamfromprototypetoAAAFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisanActor?EntityinagamelevelUsuallycontainsoneormoreActorComponentsSupportsnetworkreplicationformultiplayergamesThingstoknowaboutActorsDon’thaveLocation,Rotation(storedinrootcomponent)CreatedwithSpawnActor()methodMustbedestroyedexplicitlywithDestroy()methodWillnotbegarbagecollectedduringthegameFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisanActorComponent?ReusablefunctionalitythatcanbeaddedtoanActorContainthemostinterestingfunctionality&eventsAlsoaccessibleinBlueprints!ExampleComponents:SceneComponent–AddstransformsandattachmentsPrimitiveComponent–AddscollisionandrenderingUAudioComponent,UArrowComponent,UInputComponent,ULightComponent,UMeshComponent,UParticleSystemComponentandmanymore!FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModePrimiviteComponentEventExamplesHit–CalledwhenbumpingintoawallBegin/EndOverlap–WalkintooroutofatriggerBegin/EndCursorOverClicked/ReleasedInputTouchBegin/EndBegin/EndTouchOverFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaPawn?AnagentintheworldOptionallypossessedbyaControllerUsuallyhandlesmovementandinputThingstoknowaboutPawnsGoodplacetoimplementhealthNomovementorinputcodebydefaultFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaController?AbrainthatcanpossessaPawnPlayerController:RepresentsahumanplayerAIController:ComputesAIbehaviorforPawnsThingstoknowaboutControllersPossessonePawnatatimeCanpersistafterpossessedPawndiesFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModePlayerControllerInterfaceforplayerstoagentsHandlestouches,clicks,keyboardShowing/hidingmousecursorGoodplacefornon-agentcodeMenus,voicechat,etc.ManyotherusefuloptionsFundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaCharacter?SpecialPawnthatcanwalkComeswithusefulComponentsThingstoknowaboutControllersHandlescollisionClient-sidemovementpredictionMuchimprovementfromUE3FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaHUD?Head-UpDisplayResponsibleforin-gameUIThingstoknowaboutControllersImmediate-modedrawingAPINotoolsforbuildingHUDsUMGwillprovideallthethings!FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaGameMode?ImplementsthegamerulesConfiguresdefaultclassesforPawn,Controller,HUD,etc.Canbeaccessedfromanywhere(GetGameMode())ThingstoknowaboutGameModesOnlyexistsontheserverandsingleplayerinstances!GameStateisusedtoreplicategamestatetoclientsDefaultgamemodecanbesetinProjectSettingsPer-mapoverridesinWorldSettingsOtherImportantConceptsInputCollisionReplicationAxes&ActionsCanbindtomouse,keyboard,touch,etc.DefinedinProjectSettingsInputProcessingOrderPlayerControllerLevelBlueprintPossessedPawnOtherImportantConceptsInputCollisionReplicationVariousCollisionQueryFunctionsLinetraces(raycasts)GeometrysweepsOverlaptestsSimpleCollisionBox,sphere,capsule,convexAuthoringtoolsinEditorUsedformovement,physics,etc.ComplexcollisionActualgraphicstrianglesUsedforweapons,kinematics,etc.OtherImportantConceptsInputCollisionReplicationTransfergamestatebetweenServerandClientsRemoteProcedureCalls(RPC)Datatransfer(variables,structs,dynamicarrays)EditorsupportsmultiplayerPIEtesti