2025年護(hù)士執(zhí)業(yè)資格考試題庫(kù)（急危重癥護(hù)理學(xué)專項(xiàng)）護(hù)理專業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試題

2025年護(hù)士執(zhí)業(yè)資格考試題庫(kù)（急危重癥護(hù)理學(xué)專項(xiàng)）護(hù)理專業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試題考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymptomofmyocardialinfarction?A.ChestpainB.ShortnessofbreathC.DiarrheaD.Nausea2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseofsuddencardiacdeathinyoungathletes?A.HypertrophiccardiomyopathyB.AorticdissectionC.MitralvalvestenosisD.Atrialfibrillation3.Whatisthefirststepinthemanagementofapatientwithasevereallergicreaction?A.AdministerantihistaminesB.AdministercorticosteroidsC.AdministerepinephrineD.Administerantipyretics4.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialcomplicationofendotrachealintubation?A.LaryngospasmB.PneumothoraxC.SubglotticedemaD.Alloftheabove5.Whatistheprimarygoaloffluidresuscitationinapatientwithsepticshock?A.TomaintainbloodpressureB.TorestoreoxygendeliveryC.TomaintainurineoutputD.Alloftheabove6.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncauseofhypotensioninapatientwithsepsis?A.DecreasedcardiacoutputB.IncreasedvascularpermeabilityC.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove7.Whatistheinitialtreatmentforapatientwithasuspectedpulmonaryembolism?A.AnticoagulationB.OxygentherapyC.BedrestD.Alloftheabove8.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialcomplicationofmechanicalventilation?A.BarotraumaB.PneumothoraxC.AspirationpneumoniaD.Alloftheabove9.Whatistheprimarytreatmentforapatientwithsevereasthmaexacerbation?A.OxygentherapyB.BronchodilatorsC.SteroidsD.Alloftheabove10.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialcauseofhypothermiainacriticallyillpatient?A.ExposuretocoldtemperaturesB.InadequateinsulationC.DecreasedmetabolicrateD.Alloftheabove二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingaresymptomsofsepsis?A.FeverB.ChillsC.DiarrheaD.NauseaE.Confusion2.Whatarethekeycomponentsofadvancedcardiaclifesupport(ACLS)?A.AirwaymanagementB.BreathingsupportC.CirculationsupportD.DefibrillationE.Medicationadministration3.Whichofthefollowingarepotentialcomplicationsofmechanicalventilation?A.BarotraumaB.PneumothoraxC.AspirationpneumoniaD.VAPE.Muscleweakness4.Whatarethesignsofasevereallergicreaction?A.DifficultybreathingB.Swellingoftheface,lips,ortongueC.HivesD.DizzinessE.Lossofconsciousness5.Whichofthefollowingarepotentialcausesofhypotensioninacriticallyillpatient?A.DecreasedcardiacoutputB.IncreasedvascularpermeabilityC.HypovolemiaD.MedicationsideeffectsE.Infection6.Whataretheindicationsforintubationinacriticallyillpatient?A.SevereairwayobstructionB.InabilitytoprotecttheairwayC.InadequateoxygenationD.SevererespiratorydistressE.Alloftheabove7.Whichofthefollowingarepotentialcomplicationsofendotrachealintubation?A.LaryngospasmB.PneumothoraxC.SubglotticedemaD.BradycardiaE.Tachycardia8.Whatarethekeycomponentsoffluidresuscitationinapatientwithsepticshock?A.AdministeringisotonicfluidsB.MonitoringurineoutputC.AdministeringvasopressorsD.MaintainingbloodpressureE.Monitoringhemodynamics9.Whichofthefollowingarepotentialcausesofhypothermiainacriticallyillpatient?A.ExposuretocoldtemperaturesB.InadequateinsulationC.DecreasedmetabolicrateD.MedicationsideeffectsE.Infection10.Whatarethesignsofasuspectedpulmonaryembolism?A.ShortnessofbreathB.ChestpainC.SyncopeD.CoughE.Diaphoresis四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共15分）1.Describethepathophysiologyofsepsisandexplaintheprogressionfrominfectiontosepticshock.2.Discusstheimportanceofearlyrecognitionandmanagementofsepsisincriticallyillpatients.3.Explaintheroleofantibioticsinthemanagementofsepsisandthepotentialforantibioticresistance.五、論述題（10分）1.Discussthemanagementofapatientwithasevereasthmaexacerbation,includingtheuseofbronchodilators,steroids,andoxygentherapy.六、案例分析題（10分）1.A65-year-oldmalewithahistoryofhypertensionanddiabetespresentstotheemergencydepartmentwitha3-dayhistoryoffever,chills,andmalaise.Hehasaheartrateof120bpm,bloodpressureof90/60mmHg,andrespiratoryrateof30breaths/min.Hisoxygensaturationis88%onroomair.Physicalexaminationrevealsatemperatureof39.5°C,tachycardia,tachypnea,anddiaphoresis.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?Whataretheinitialstepsinthemanagementofthispatient?本次試卷答案如下：一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.C.Diarrhea解析：腹瀉不是心肌梗塞的典型癥狀，而其他選項(xiàng)如胸痛、呼吸困難、惡心都是心肌梗塞的常見癥狀。2.A.Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy解析：肥厚型心肌病是年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員突發(fā)性心臟猝死的最常見原因。3.C.Administerepinephrine解析：在嚴(yán)重過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的緊急情況下，腎上腺素是首選藥物，因?yàn)樗苎杆倬徑膺^(guò)敏反應(yīng)的癥狀。4.D.Alloftheabove解析：所有選項(xiàng)都是氣管插管可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥，包括喉痙攣、氣胸和聲門下水腫。5.D.Alloftheabove解析：在膿毒性休克的管理中，維持血壓、恢復(fù)氧氣輸送和維持尿量輸出都是主要目標(biāo)。6.C.BothAandB解析：膿毒性休克可能導(dǎo)致心臟輸出量減少和血管通透性增加，這兩者都是低血壓的潛在原因。7.A.Anticoagulation解析：對(duì)于疑似肺栓塞的患者，抗凝治療是初始治療，以防止血栓進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。8.D.Alloftheabove解析：機(jī)械通氣可能導(dǎo)致多種并發(fā)癥，包括氣壓傷、氣胸、吸入性肺炎和肌肉無(wú)力。9.D.Alloftheabove解析：在嚴(yán)重的哮喘發(fā)作中，氧氣療法、支氣管擴(kuò)張劑和類固醇都是治療的關(guān)鍵組成部分。10.D.Alloftheabove解析：暴露于寒冷溫度、不足的隔熱、降低的代謝率和藥物副作用都可能導(dǎo)致重癥患者的體溫過(guò)低。二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.A.FeverB.ChillsC.DiarrheaD.NauseaE.Confusion解析：這些癥狀都是膿毒癥的常見癥狀，特別是發(fā)熱、寒戰(zhàn)和混淆。2.A.AirwaymanagementB.BreathingsupportC.CirculationsupportD.DefibrillationE.Medicationadministration解析：這些是高級(jí)心臟生命支持（ACLS）的關(guān)鍵組成部分，旨在維持患者的生命體征。3.A.BarotraumaB.PneumothoraxC.AspirationpneumoniaD.VAPE.Muscleweakness解析：這些是機(jī)械通氣可能導(dǎo)致的并發(fā)癥，包括氣壓傷、氣胸、吸入性肺炎、肺部感染和肌肉無(wú)力。4.A.DifficultybreathingB.Swellingoftheface,lips,ortongueC.HivesD.DizzinessE.Lossofconsciousness解析：這些癥狀都是嚴(yán)重過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的典型表現(xiàn)，需要立即醫(yī)療干預(yù)。5.A.DecreasedcardiacoutputB.IncreasedvascularpermeabilityC.HypovolemiaD.MedicationsideeffectsE.Infection解析：這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致重癥患者的低血壓。6.A.SevereairwayobstructionB.InabilitytoprotecttheairwayC.InadequateoxygenationD.SevererespiratorydistressE.Alloftheabove解析：這些情況都是進(jìn)行氣管插管的指征，以保護(hù)患者的氣道。7.A.LaryngospasmB.PneumothoraxC.SubglotticedemaD.BradycardiaE.Tachycardia解析：這些是氣管插管可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥，包括喉痙攣、氣胸、聲門下水腫、心動(dòng)過(guò)緩和心動(dòng)過(guò)速。8.A.AdministeringisotonicfluidsB.MonitoringurineoutputC.AdministeringvasopressorsD.MaintainingbloodpressureE.Monitoringhemodynamics解析：這些是膿毒性休克液體復(fù)蘇的關(guān)鍵步驟，包括使用等滲液體、監(jiān)測(cè)尿量、使用血管加壓素和維持血壓。9.A.ExposuretocoldtemperaturesB.InadequateinsulationC.DecreasedmetabolicrateD.MedicationsideeffectsE.Infection解析：這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致重癥患者的體溫過(guò)低。10.A.ShortnessofbreathB.ChestpainC.SyncopeD.CoughE.Diaphor