小升初英語考點(diǎn)解讀知識(shí)講解典例探究分層訓(xùn)練-第六講被動(dòng)語態(tài)（學(xué)生版）

第六講：被動(dòng)語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)解讀】動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是中學(xué)英語語法的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容，因此在小升初英語考試中作為銜接內(nèi)容而出現(xiàn)，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)初中生而言是難點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。因此希望小升初的學(xué)生能認(rèn)真結(jié)合解讀，仔細(xì)把握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)要領(lǐng)，結(jié)合小升初的最新模擬真題，做到融會(huì)貫通，舉一反三?！局R(shí)講解】知識(shí)點(diǎn)1——被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

英語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致，并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

（1）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.

（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.

（3）含有雙賓語的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)中的一個(gè)主語，另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。

例如：Thepianistgavethepupils(間接賓語)someadvice(直接賓語)

→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.

(4)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to。

例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.

Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞的原形是be+donebe隨著時(shí)態(tài)的變化而發(fā)生變化。以下是主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：名稱主動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)v/vsAm/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)態(tài)VedWas/were+done一般將來時(shí)態(tài)Will+vWillbe+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Have/has+過去分詞Have/hasbeen+done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)can（not）+dosth+bedonemay（not）must(not)常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）......Itis(was)wellknownthat......眾所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被視為當(dāng)然Itmustberememberedthat......務(wù)必記住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千萬別忘記......Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......據(jù)說(報(bào)道、聽說、告知、建議......)注意以下幾種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況：帶有感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的句子如何變被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式letletsbdosth(sb)belettodosthmakemakesbdosth(sb)bemadetodosthseeseesbdosth(sb)beseentodosthwatchwatchsbdosth(sb)bewatchedtodosthhearhearsbdosth(sb)beheardtodosth二．有些動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài))1)

不\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,etrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)

系動(dòng)詞無\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4)

\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5)當(dāng)賓語是\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

Iwanttogonow.三．主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況1）有些不及物動(dòng)詞形式上為主動(dòng)，但是表示被動(dòng)含義。這本書銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說讀起來很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有l(wèi)ock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進(jìn)行時(shí)，形式上主動(dòng)，但含被動(dòng)之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3）介詞短語作表語，主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.三、【典例探究】【例題】：（）1．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C．a(chǎn)reholding D．willho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotoflaughter_________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings．A．isgiving Bwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive（）3.TodayChineseisbeingmoreandmorepopular.It_________inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallyputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?Yes._________ourclassroomeveryday.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1[答案]A。[解析]考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，“奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次”可見須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D。2[答案]B。[解析]本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句中alotofenjoyment是動(dòng)作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中，一些有趣的東西通過中國國畫展示給外國朋友?！?[答案]D。[解析]考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。物作主語，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4[答案]A。[解析]選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示人們對(duì)這位偉大作家的愛戴。5[答案]C。[解析]從句子看，電腦作主語，是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C。6[答案]C。[解析]考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)物作主語，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?一Yes．Infact，it____.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround．A．polluted Bwaspolluted Chaspolluted D．waspo11ute（）8.Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoretoprotect(保護(hù))theearth.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.We________intofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided一般過去時(shí)7[答案]B?？疾楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。物作主語，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。8[答案]B。[解析]從句意：“……自從‘地球日’開始以來，人們已做了一些越來越有用的事保護(hù)環(huán)境?！笨芍?，“地球日”的開始，要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為wasstarted故選B。9[答案]C。[解析]本題主要考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語境可推知空格處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings．”可推斷，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過去時(shí)。因此選C。四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1】I.Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?1.Over$30,000______forachildren’hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaised D)hasbeenraised2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A)made B)willmake C)weremade D)willbemade3.Manyhouses______inthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damaged4.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It______manyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuilt5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool______nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldown D)arepulleddown6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor________.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelocked D)shouldbelocked7.HalfoftheBeijing’sprivatecars_______offtheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereordered8.Thegirls_______howtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaught9.Tomandhissister_______tothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvited B)wereinvited C)wereinviting D)invited10.Doyoubelievetherearealiens?I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliens_____inspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefounded D)can’tbefound11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit________twiceorthreetimes.A)explains B)isexplained C)willbeexplained D)hasexplained12.—Peoplesaythesubway________buildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds___________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interested C)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting13.—Iwanttoknowwhen_______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_______.

A)youare;willfinish B)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinished D)youwill;isfinish14.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit________?A)built B)wasbuilt

C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—I’msorry,butI________whentomeet.A)don’ttell B)didn’ttell

C)haven’ttold D)wasn’ttold

16.Thethief_______onthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaught B)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaught17.Blacktea_______inChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinvented C)isinvented D)isinventing【練習(xí)2】I. Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.1.YangpuBridge___________(build)in1993.2.Moremoney___________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.Alotofwater___________(waste)everyyear.It’saseriousproblem.4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers___________(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.5.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe___________(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.6.“Remember,nobody___________(allow)toeatordrinkintheputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.7.Largeamountsofinformation___________(store)intheputer.8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar___________(paint).9.Thewoundedsoldiers___________(operate)onnow.10.Hundredsofthebooks___________(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.I___________(tell)thatJimwouldebackfromNewYorkintwodays.12.Themanagersaidtheproject__________bytheendoftheyear.(plete)13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecar__________assoonaspossible.(mend)14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets__________out.(sell)15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.He__________tobeagreatleader.(consider)16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthat__________onthefloorofthehall.(drop)

17.Heisoftenmade__________thetableafterdinner.(clean)【鞏固】【練習(xí)1】1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

5Newputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

【練習(xí)2】1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

2I'dliketobuythatcoat.I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished【拔高】【練習(xí)1】1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

【練習(xí)2】1Myshoesarewornout._____________.

A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?

2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

2Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

3Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am【習(xí)題2】1.

—How

long

_____

at

this

job?

—Since

1990.

A.

were

you

employed

B.

have

you

been

employed

C.

had

you

been

employed

D.

will

you

be

employed

2.

—What

happened

to

the

priceless

works

of

art?

—________.

A.

They

were

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

B.

The

earthquake

was

destroying

them

C.

They

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

D.

The

earthquake

destroyed

them

3.

If

city

noises

______

from

increasing,

people______

shout

to

be

heard

even

at

the

dinner

table

20

years

from

now.

A.

are

not

kept;

will

have

to

B.

are

not

kept;

have

to

C.

do

not

keep;

will

have

to

D.

do

not

keep;

have

to

4.—Do

you

like

the

material?

—Yes,

it

______

very

soft.

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

5.

I

need

one

more

stamp

before

my

collection

______.

A.

has

pleted

B.

pletes

C.

has

been

pleted

D.

is

pleted

6.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

_____

,

and

we're

ready

to

start.

A.

pleted

B.

plete

C.

had

been

pleted

D.

have

been

pleted

7.

Hundreds

of

jobs

______

if

the

factory

closes.

A.

lose

B.

will

be

lost

C.

are

lost

D.

will

lose

8.

A

new

cinema______

here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

9.

After

the

class，the

students

went

out

of

the

classroom

one

by

one,

but

only

Mary______.

A.

left

B.

had

left

C.

was

leaving

D.

was

left

10.

The

teacher

told

the

students

that

they______

to

be

useful

men

to

the

country.

A.

were

all

expected

B.were

all

expecting

C.

all

were

expected

D.

all

expected

11.

He_____in

a

shower

last

night

and

got

wet

through.

A.

caught

B.

was

caught

C.

had

caught

D.

caught

up

12.

The

thief______

when

he

was

stealing

a

wallet

from

a

woman.

A.

happened

to

notice

B.

was

taken

place

to

notice

C.

was

happened

to

be

noticed

D.

happened

to

be

noticed

13.

He______

and

was

made

to

repeat

it.

A.

didn't

understand

B.

didn't

be

understood

C.

wasn't

understand

D.

wasn't

understood

14.

The

pupils

here_____

all

kinds

of

exercises

every

day

in

the

past

few

weeks.

A.

kept

busy

doing

B.

keep

on

doing

C.

have

kept

busy

doing

D.

have

been

kept

busy

doing

15.

—What

were

you

doing

when

Tom

came

to

see

you?

—I

_____on

my

overcoat

and

______

to

visit

a

friend

of

mine.

A.

have

just

put;

leaving

B.

was

put;

was

left

C

.had

just

put;

was

leaving

D.

was

putting;

left

16.

They

said

goodbye,

hardly

knowing

that

they

______again.

A.

were

never

met

B.

will

never

meet

C.

never

met

D.

were

neve