Unit5Workingtheland詞匯短語和句型導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高二英語人教版選擇性

自學(xué)資料主題：選修性必修一U5重要語用點（詞匯、短語、句型）興趣起航Whoisthemaninthephoto?Whatdoyouknowabouttheman?Whatelsedoyouwanttoknowabouthim?樂學(xué)善思一重難點詞匯短語知識探索1.considervt.認為，覺得；vi.&vt.仔細考慮◆教材原句Yuanconsidershimselfafarmer.(教材P50)袁隆平把自己看作一個農(nóng)民?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Thisawardisconsidered(tobe)agreathonour.這個獎被視為極大的榮譽。He'sconsideredtohavegoneabroad.大家都認為他出國了。Iconsideritafoolishideatoaccepttheinvitation.我認為接受這個邀請是一個愚蠢的想法。WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.我們正在考慮去海南過春節(jié)?！糁R拓展(1)considersb./sth.(tobe)＋n./adj.或considersb./sth.(as)＋n.認為某人/某物……(2)beconsideredtohavedonesth.被認為做了某事(3)considerit＋adj./n.＋動詞不定式/that...認為……是……的/是……(it為形式賓語，此時adj.常為necessary,important,polite等)(4)consider(doing)sth.考慮(做)某事(注意不接動詞不定式作賓語)◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Myparentsareconsidering________(buy)aputer,whichisconsidered________(be)ofgreathelpwithmyworkandstudy.②CharlesChaplinisconsidered__________(make)agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.③Billconsiders________harmfultostayuplateinthenight.【答案】buying,tobe;tohavemade;it2.devotevt.(與to連用)把……獻(給)；把……專用于；專心于；投入(時間、精力等)◆教材原句Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.(教材P50)確實,他瘦削但結(jié)實的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻了一生的幾百萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.除非你完全專注于你的工作,不然你永遠不會獲得成功。HedecidedtodevotetherestofhislifetotheresearchofCOVID19.他決定將自己的余生獻給新冠肺炎的研究。Herson,towhomsheis(so)devoted,wentabroadlastyear,leavingheraloneinthesmallvillage.她(那么)摯愛的兒子去年去了國外,留下她一個人在小村子里。Devotedtothestudyofscience,shehadlittletimetotakecareofherchildren.她獻身于科學(xué)研究,幾乎沒有時間照看自己的孩子?！糁R拓展(1)devoteone’slife/oneselfto(doing)sth.獻身于/致力于(做)某事(2)devoteone’stime/energy/attention/...to(doing)sth.把某人的時間/精力/注意力/……用到(做)某事上(3)devotedadj.忠誠的；摯愛的；全心全意的bedevotedto...對……摯愛/忠誠/投入(4)devotionn.奉獻；忠誠；關(guān)愛；摯愛(5)devotingoneselfto...或devotedto...常在句中作狀語、補語或定語。Hetoldusthattherewerenearlythreehundredteachersdevotingthemselvestoteachingintheschool.他告訴我們學(xué)校有將近300名老師致力于教學(xué)工作。Devotedtohisscientificresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.他致力于他的科研工作，沒有時間與家人共度周末?！咀⒁狻慷陶Z“devote...to...”中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時應(yīng)用其動名詞形式,類似用法的短語還有:lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth.反對做某事objecttodoingsth.反對做某事getdowntodoingsth.開始做某事payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事beequaltodoingsth.能勝任做某事be/getused/accustomedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事adapt/adjust(oneself)todoingsth.(使自己)適應(yīng)做某事◆即學(xué)即練(1)單句填空①________(devote)________teachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.②Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefully________(devote)toyourwork.③Wereallyappreciateyour________(devote)toourpany.【答案】Devoted,to;devoted;devotion(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Ihavespentmuchtimeinmakingpreparationsforthenextlesson.→Ihave__________________________makingpreparationsforthenextlesson.

⑤Devotedtoreadingthenovel,shedidn'tnoticehermotheringin.→________________________readingthenovel,shedidn'tnoticehermotheringin.

【答案】devotedmuchtimeto;Devotingherselfto3.convincevt.使相信，使信服；說服，勸說◆教材原句Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(教材P50)袁堅信,答案就在雜交水稻的培育中?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.我盡力說服自己，麻煩在于這個問題本身，而不在我。HowcanIconvinceyouofherhonesty?我怎樣才能使你相信她的誠實呢？Ihopethiswillconvinceyoutochangeyourmind.我希望這會說服你改變主意。IwasconvincedthatIsawyouthere.我堅信看見你在那里了。Iamconvincedofherinnocence.我堅信她是無辜的。Thedatayouhavecollectedisnotenoughtobeconvincing.你們收集的材料說服力不足?！糁R拓展(1)convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事(4)convincedadj.堅信，深信，確信(描述人的感受)(be)convincedof/that...堅信……，確信……(5)convincingadj.令人信服的(描述物的特性)◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①You’llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Ithinkyoucanhelpmeconvincemyfather________(leave)．③__________(convince)thathewaswrong,hefeltverysad.④She’llcookupa__________(convince)explanationforherfailure.⑤I’m________(convince)thatheisnottellingthetruth.(2)單句寫作=6\*GB3⑥Hetriedto__________meofthetruthofthenewsbuthecouldn’tprovide__________proof.Therefore,itseemedthathedidn’tspeak____________.=7\*GB3⑦他盡力使我相信這個消息的真實性，但他無法提供令人信服的證據(jù)，所以他的說法似乎沒有說服力。這幅圖畫讓我深信做一個好女兒比做一個好學(xué)生更重要。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】of;toleave;Convinced;convincing;convinced;convince,convincing,convincinglyThepictureconvincesmethatitismoreimportanttobeagooddaughterthanagoodstudent.4.varietyn.[C]品種,(同一事物的)不同種類,多種式樣;[U]變化;多樣化◆教材原句Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.(教材P50)雜交種是一個物種的兩個或兩個以上變種的雜交?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)①Moreimportantly,Iamapersonfullofpassionforavarietyofthings.更重要的是,我是一個對各種事物充滿熱情的人。②Roomsvaryinsizeandareequippedwithhairdryers,televisionsandtelephones.房間大小不同,均配有吹風(fēng)機、電視和電話。③Thevarietyoffoodsattherestaurantislimited,buttheamountofeachdishisfairlylarge.這家飯店里食物的種類是有限的,但每道菜的量是相當(dāng)大的?！糁R拓展(1)avarietyof=varietiesof種種;各種各樣的;各種不同的thevarietyof...……的品種(2)variousadj.各種不同的;各種各樣的(3)varyvi.(根據(jù)情況)變化;改變;不同varyin...在……方面不同varyfrom...to...從……到……不同varywith...隨著……而變化varybetween...and...在……和……之間變化【注意】avarietyof/varietiesof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；thevarietyof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！艏磳W(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Changesinpricenormallyvary________changesinsupplyanddemand.②ThoughLucyandLilyaretwins,theyvary_______characters.③Theschoollibraryprovides_________(variety)originalworks,hopingtheywillmeettheneedsofdifferentstudents.④Housepricesvary________place_______placeandareusuallyhighwheretherearefamousschools.⑤在這種技術(shù)的幫助下,給檢查者提供各種合適的鍛煉方法的建議變得容易多了。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】with;in;various;from,to;Withthehelpofthistechnique,providingvarious(=avarietyof/varietiesof)suggestionsonappropriatewaysofexerciseforexamineesbeesmucheasier.

5.assumptionn．[C]假定，假設(shè)◆教材原句Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(教材P50)當(dāng)時的普遍假設(shè)是那是不可能做到的?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Itwasimpossibletomakeassumptionsaboutpeople'sreactions.臆斷人們的反應(yīng)是不可能的。We’reworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.我們假定了每一個人都會應(yīng)邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。Thereweremanybigtechnologypanieswithgoodresources.Ijustassumedoneofthemwoulddoit.有很多大的科技公司都有好的資源，我只是假設(shè)其中一個大公司會做這件事。Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevoluntarywork.人們認為，那些把志愿者的角色看成是他們個人身份中很重要的一部分的人最有可能會繼續(xù)做志愿者工作。(鮮活例句)Theviruscamewithoutpeople'sbeingawareofitanditwasinitiallyassumedtobeamonone.Butwithmorecasesreported,itprovedwrong.病毒在人們還沒有意識到它的時候就來了,最初人們認為它是一種普通病毒。但是,隨著報道案例的增加,證明了它是錯誤的?！糁R拓展(1)makeassumptions/anassumptionabout...對……做假設(shè)(2)ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假設(shè)……(3)assumevt.假設(shè)；認為；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；就(職)assume...tobe...認為……是……;假定……是……Itis(generally)assumedthat...人們(普遍)認為……【注意】assuming以及suppose、supposing、providing、provided引導(dǎo)的從句相當(dāng)于if、onconditionthat引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句?！艏磳W(xué)即練(1)單句填空①Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcan_____________(assume)thatthelatterisduetotheformer.

②Peoplemakealotof_____________(assume)aboutherfamilybackground.③____________(assume)itrainstomorrow,whatshouldwedo?(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Suppose(that)itrainstomorrow,shallwecancelthesportsmeeting?→_______________________________itrainstomorrow,shallwecancelthesportsmeeting?

⑤Weassumethatheisanhonestboy.→Weassume_____________anhonestboy.

→____________________heisanhonestboy.

【答案】beassumed;assumptions;Assuming;Supposing/Assuming/Providing/Provided(that);himtobe;Itisassumedthat________________that______________________.【答案】aroughestimateof;Itisestimated,theprojectwilllastfouryears6.expandvt.&vi.擴大；增加vt.擴展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))◆教材原句Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.(教材P50)這種雜交水稻使農(nóng)民大大增加了產(chǎn)量?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Thepetalsofmanyflowersexpandinthesunshine.許多花瓣在陽光下綻放。Thebusinesshasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastyear.過去的一年里，這家公司極大地增加了業(yè)務(wù)量?！糁R拓展expand...into... 把……擴展/發(fā)展成……expandinto... 發(fā)展成/擴大成……expandonsth. 細說(闡述)……◆即學(xué)即練完成句子①請你把這一點詳細說明一下，好嗎？Couldyou________________thispoint,please?②他的工作室擴大規(guī)模而成為一家大公司了。Hisstudio________________________abigpany.③中國的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)正迅速發(fā)展。Theinformationindustries_______________________inChina.【答案】expandon;wasexpandedinto;arerapidlyexpanding7.estimatevt.估算，估價n.[C]對數(shù)量、成本的估計，估價◆教材原句Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.(教材P5051)據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Policeestimatethecrowdat30,000.警方估計聚集的人有3萬。Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.這棵數(shù)估計至少有700年樹齡。Wejustneedanestimateofthenumberofpeoplewhowille.我們只需估算一下有多少人會來?！糁R拓展estimatesth.at...估算某物為……beestimatedtodosth.被估計為……Itisestimated(that)．..據(jù)估計，……◆即學(xué)即練完成句子①我可以粗略估計一下你所需要的木材量。Icangiveyou________________theamountofwoodyouwillneed.②據(jù)估計這項工程將持續(xù)四年。8.prisevt.包括，包含；是(某事物的)組成部分，構(gòu)成◆教材原句Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.(教材P5051)據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Thehouseisprisedoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.＝Thehouseconsistsof/ismadeupoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.這座房子有兩間臥室、一間廚房和一間起居室。Olderpeopleprisealargeproportionofthoselivinginpoverty.在那些生活貧困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。◆知識拓展(1)beprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)beposedof 由……組成consistof 由……組成bemadeupof 由……組成，構(gòu)成(2)prise,beprisedof,consistof,bemadeupof作后置定語時的表達例如“這座有兩間臥室、一間廚房和一間起居室的房子已經(jīng)出售”：Thehouseprisingtwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.Thehouseprisedoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.Thehouseconsistingoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.Thehousemadeupoftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.【注意】consistof沒有被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于bemadeupof或beposedof，且不用于進行時。◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/一句多譯①Aweekconsists_________sevendays.②救援隊由8個士兵和2個醫(yī)生組成。Therescueteam______________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteam_________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteam_______________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.【答案】of;isposedof,consistsof,ismadeupof9.takeon接受(工作)，承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)，呈現(xiàn)，具有(特征，外觀等)；聘用，雇用◆教材原句Heisaverygoodactorandhemitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.(教材P52)他是一個很好的演員，將自己奉獻于所出演的每一個角色中。◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Afterconsultingwithhermanagershedecidedtotakeonthepart.經(jīng)紀(jì)人商量之后，她決定出演這一角色。Nootherorganizationwasableorwillingtotakeonthejob.沒有其他組織能夠或愿意承擔(dān)這項工作。Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.在遭受大地震淪為廢墟后不久，這座城市就呈現(xiàn)出了新的面貌。Shewastakenonasatrainee.她受聘當(dāng)實習(xí)生?！糁R拓展take構(gòu)成的其他短語：takeoff脫下；起飛；休假takeup占用(時間、空間或精力)；開始從事takeapart拆散，拆開(機器等)takein吸入；欺騙；理解takeback收回；退還takeover接管，取得對……的控制takedown寫下take...for...把……誤以為……◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Whenthedelayedflightwilltake________dependsmuchontheweather.②Notknowingmuchoftheworldyet,simple－mindedteenagersareeasilytaken________.③Briggswilltake________asgeneralmangerwhenMitchellretires.④Youngsterswhosufferalotofacademicburdensareencouragedtotake________asportandleadanactivelifestyle.【答案】of;in;over;up10.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流◆教材原句Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.(教材P55)這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進而影響消化它們的動物和人類?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Thegirlstookitinturntowipedownthetablesaftermeals.女孩子們飯后輪流擦桌子。Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.實踐是理論的基礎(chǔ)，反過來理論又為實踐服務(wù)?！糁R拓展inone’sturn 輪到某人；接著byturns 輪流；依次taketurnsdoing/todo... 輪流做……It'sone’sturntodosth. 輪到某人干某事◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Itismyturn____________(clean)theclassroomthisweek.②Thegirlscalledouttheirnames________turn.③Theytook__________(turn)tocareabouttheirparents.④當(dāng)輪到我時，我激動得都說不出話來了。When___________________,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.⑤他們依次回答了老師的問題。Theyansweredtheteacher’squestions_____________．【答案】toclean;in;turns;itisinmyturn;inturn【聯(lián)想拓展】inreturn作為回報inreturnfor...作為對……的回報Smileatsomeoneandyouaresuretogetasmileinreturn.對人微笑，別人一定會回你以微笑。11.essentialadj.完全必要的；極其重要的；必不可少的◆教材原句Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,…(教材P55)它們可能在外表看起來精美。但是內(nèi)在其實水分比必要的礦物質(zhì)要多?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.陽光和水是作物生長不可或缺的。ThesewordsandgrammarareessentialforeverybodytolearnEnglish.這些詞和語法對于每一個學(xué)英語的人來說都是必備的。Itisessentialforhigh－newtechnologyenterprisestostrengthenpetitivepower.增強競爭力對高新技術(shù)企業(yè)來說非常重要。Itisessentialthatyou(should)getavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA.到美國旅游之前拿到簽證是必不可少的?！糁R拓展(1)beessentialto/for對……很重要(2)Itisessentialforsb.todo...“對某人來說做……是完全必要的”(3)Itisessentialthat...(should)do...“做……是完全必要的”◆即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①________isessentialforustobooktheticketsinadvance.②__________(essential),wearetalkingabouttheworldwarperiod.③Itisessentialforus________(set)ourgoalrealistically.④Itisessentialthatyou_____________(learn)Chinesehistory.⑤你有必要早點回家。________________youshouldehomeearly.⑥豐富多樣的文化生活對這對夫婦而言是至關(guān)重要的。Arichandvariedculturallife________________thiscouple.【答案】It;Essentially;toset;(should)learn;Itisessentialthat;isessentialfor12.alternativen.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的◆教材原句Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.(教材P55)作為一種選擇，一些農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)向有機農(nóng)業(yè)，許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時轉(zhuǎn)向有機食品?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Wereturnedbythealternativeroad.我們從另一條路回來的。Thiskindofnewspaperisalternativepress.這種報紙是非傳統(tǒng)性報刊。◆知識拓展(1)havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做……的選擇，可以做……there’snoalternative...buttodosth.……別無選擇只好做某事analternativeto... ……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv. 可供選擇地(3)“別無選擇只好做……”的其他表達形式還有：havenochoicebuttodosth.；can’tdosth.butdosth.；candonothingbutdosth.等。在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中若but之前出現(xiàn)實義動詞do的某種形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否則，but之后的to不能省略?！艏磳W(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Ihadnoalternativebut____________(accept)theoffer.②Ifyoudon’tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealternativeof____________(bring)yourown.③Wecouldwalkor______________(alternative)wecouldgoinTed'scar.④除了當(dāng)俘虜之外，唯一的選擇就是奮戰(zhàn)至死了。___________________tobeingtakenprisonerwastodiefighting.【答案】toaccept;bringing;alternatively;Theonlyalternative例1.核心單詞變形Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．________vt.把……獻(給)；把……專用于；專心于→________n．奉獻；忠誠；專心→________adj.忠誠的2．________n．不足；缺少；短的→________adj.短的→________v．縮短3．________vt.使相信；使確信；說服→________adj.堅信；堅信不移的4．____________n．特征；特點；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨特的→________n．性格；特色；品性；人物；文字5．____________adj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的→_________n．慣例；習(xí)俗6．__________n．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得→__________vt.假設(shè)7．________adj.熱切的；十分強烈的；激烈的→________adv.強烈地；激烈地8．________vt.&vi.擴大；增加vt.擴展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))→________n．?dāng)U展；膨脹9．________adj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的→____________adv.本國地；國內(nèi)地10．___________n．消耗；消耗量；消費→________vt.消費；消耗→________n．消費者11．________vt.產(chǎn)生；引起→________n．產(chǎn)生；代12．________n．想象；視力；視野；影像→________adj.視覺的13．________n．現(xiàn)實；實際情況；事實→________adj.真的；真實的→________adv.真實地14．________adj.含鹽的；咸的→________n．鹽15．________n.味道；特點；特色16．________adj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品→________n．化學(xué)17．________adj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的→________n．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)18．________n.貧窮；貧困→________adj.貧窮的；貧寒的19．________n.細菌→________細菌(pl.)20．________vt.&vi.消化vt.領(lǐng)會，領(lǐng)悟→________n．消化21．________vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止→________n．禁止；阻止22．________n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)→________adj.深的→________vt.加深23．________adv.全部地；完整地；完全地【答案】1.devote,devotion,devoted2.shortage,short,shorten3.convince,convinced4.characteristic,character5.conventional,convention6.assumption,assume7.intense,intensely8.expand,expansion9.domestic,domestically10.consumption,consume,consumer11.generate,generation12.vision,visual13.reality,real,really14.salty,salt15.flavour16.chemical,chemistry17.nutritious,nutrition18.poverty,poor19.bacterium,bacteria20.digest,digestion21.prohibit,prohibition22.depth,deep,deepen23.entirely例2.語境填詞1．Peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwater________(缺少)．2．Thefirstreasonto________(應(yīng)對)theseproblemsistosavechildren'slives.3．Throughoutadolescence,girlsandboysdevelop____________(特點)likeconfidenceandself－control.4．Someachievementscantakealifetimeto________(獲得),whileotherscanbepletedinaday.5．Idon'tthinkthere'senoughinformationtomakean__________(假設(shè)).6．He________(估計)thespeedofthewindsfromthedegreeofdamage.7．Qutputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthe________(國內(nèi)的)market.8．Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankof________(名人)after25yearsasanactress.9．Thewindfarmmaybeableto________(產(chǎn)生)enoughelectricityfor2,000homes.10．Hawkingalsorevealedhis________(想象)ofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.11．It’s21yearssinceshefirstmovedtoBritain,butshehasn'tforgottenher________(根).12．Thegeologyand________(礦物質(zhì))resourcescontributetosafeguardingsustainabledevelopmentineconomyandsociety.13.Mostpeoplethink________(有機的)farminglooksmuchmoreexpensiveforthefarmers.14．Everybodyistalkingaboutthematter,whichisasubjectof________(廣泛的)ment.15．Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodto________(消化)．16．Anysignificantsocialchangebringsaboutproblemsanditis________(必要的)toworkoutpropersolutions.17．Naturalgasisanotherabundantfuelthatexpertsconsideran________(替代物)togasoline.18．Motheraskedmetogotothe________(雜貨店)storenearmyhometobuysomefood.19．Ateachershouldbegoodatdrawinginferencesaboutothercasesfromone________(例子)．20．Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectsevery________(方面)oflife,mostlyforthebetter.【答案】1.shortage2.tackle3.characteristic4.attain5.assumption6.estimated7.domestic8.celebrities9.generate10.vision11.root12.mineral13.organic14.widespread15.digest16.essential17.alternative18.grocery19.instance20.aspect舉一反三–I.用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空1.Hewas____________(convince)thatIwaspartoftheproblem.2.He___________(attain)agoodmarkintheexaminationlastweek.3.Marty___________(overe)alotofdifficultiesandgotsomeachievements.4.Thepanyhasabandonedplansforfurther____________(expand).5.Itisestimated__________aroundtripflighttoMarswouldtakemorethanayearandahalf.6.Her____________(devote)tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.7.Shewasveryinterestedinthe____________(character)NewYearpicturesonthewallsoflocalhouses.8.Itissimplerandquickertousethan_____________(convention)methods.9.Theyhavetakenawrongturningintheir____________(assume)thatallmenandwomenthinkalike.10.Thelawshaveledtoareductioninfuel____________(consume)intheUS.11.The__________(real)isthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.12.Whenyouswiminthesea,youfeelthatthewateris___________(salt).13.Thegamewaspostponedbecause__________rain.14.Hecouldnotworkandsohehadtodepend__________hisfamily.15.ThevotewillenablethePrimeMinister___________(push)throughtoughpolicies.

16.Hehastoldmehisplansandhe’smadeagood____________(impress)onme.17.Far___________beingseparated,themindandbodyformanindivisiblewhole.18.Idreamed__________aplantosolvebothproblemsatonce.19.Insomeworks,flowerstake__________apowerfulemblematicquality.20.Sheleftschooltogotowork__________adressmodelinthegarmentpany.21.Nowadaysmanystudentsdevotetoomuchtimeto___________(play)putergames.22.Thisisthemost____________(convince)evidencethatIcanfind.23.YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithout____________(expand)theareaofthefields.24.Theyweretomeetata____________(give)timeandplace.25.Shanghaifoodisratheroily,andBeijingfoodis___________(salt)andspicy.26.Wethoughthewasseriousbutin____________(real)hewasjoking.27.Peopleusedtobelievethatdirt___________(generate)disease.28.It______________(estimate)thatnotlessthanhalfamillionpeoplediedinthefamine.29.Thatwastheextremesouthernlimit___________(attain)bythecourageoustraveller.30.Therecentheavyrainshavehelpedtoeasethewater___________(short).【答案】1.convinced2.attained3.overcame4.expansion5.that6.devotion7.characteristic8.conventional9.assumption10.consumption11.reality12.salty13.of14.on15.topush16.impression17.from18.of19.on20.as21.playing22.convincing23.expanding24.given25.salty26.reality27.generated28.isestimated29.attained30.shortage解題密碼–比較是人們認識客觀世界的重要手段，不經(jīng)過比較就很難弄清事物的相互關(guān)系。這里給大家介紹的是對相似而又不同的單詞進行對比分析，弄清它們的異同以進行記憶的方法。比較是人們認識客觀世界的重要手段，不經(jīng)過比較就很難弄清事物的相互關(guān)系。這里給大家介紹的是對相似而又不同的單詞進行對比分析，弄清它們的異同以進行記憶的方法。具體方法如下：①改變一個元音的詞就能變換出不同的詞：ball，bell，bill②改變一個輔音的詞就能變換出不同的詞：fight，light，might，night，right，sight，tight③音同而形義不同的詞：sun和son，too和two④音形相同而意義不同：light（光）和light（輕）；義相同：also/too/either,ago/before/past,each/every/all,because/as/for；義相反：yes/no,old/new,right/wrong,up/down,young/old等等二重點句式1.given＋that從句GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.(教材P51)考慮到袁隆平的雜交作物已經(jīng)讓他變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能會認為他會退休享受悠閑的生活?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)Giventheirinexperience，they’vedoneagoodjob.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們已經(jīng)做得不錯了。Giventhathehashadsixmonthstofinishthetask,hehasn'tmademuchprogress.鑒于他有六個月的時間完成這項工作，他并沒有取得太多進展?！糁R拓展givenprep.意為“鑒于，考慮到”，構(gòu)成“given＋that從句”，在句中常作狀語。given可以用considering來替換2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Withmoreandmorefarmmachinesbeingusedinthefields,thecrisisoffuelhasbeenincreasing.(教材P52)隨著越來越多的農(nóng)業(yè)機械在田間的使用,燃料的危機一直在增加。◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Withthehouseempty,Jackfeltlonely.因為房子空空的，杰克感到很孤獨。Witheverythingpreparedwell,hebelievedhecouldsucceed.一切都準(zhǔn)備好了,他相信他會成功。Withsomuchhomeworktodo,shewillsparenotimetoattendtheparty.有那么多的作業(yè)要做,她將抽不出時間去參加聚會。Withsomanychildrentalkingandlaughing,Icouldn'tsettledowntowork.這么多孩子又說又笑,我不能靜下心來工作?！糁R拓展with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作狀語或定語,常見形式為:(1)with+賓語+adj./adv.(2)with+賓語+介詞短語(3)with+賓語+doing/done/todo(4)當(dāng)with后的賓語和作賓語補足語的動詞之間是主動關(guān)系時,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;如果是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞形式;如果表示將要發(fā)生的動作,用不定式。3.狀語從句的省略Howwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilekeepingtheenvironmentsaferemainsanunansweredquestion.(教材P53)我們?nèi)绾握业揭粋€合適的解決方案來生產(chǎn)足夠的食物,同時保持環(huán)境安全,仍然是一個未被答復(fù)的問題。Paraphrase:Howwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilewearekeepingtheenvironmentsaferemainsanunansweredquestion.◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Sowhilesittingintheclassroomanddoingmypapers,Ifeltconfidentandwasfullofenergy.因此,當(dāng)我坐在教室做試卷時,我感到自信且精力旺盛?！癟heprizemoneyistoolittletoaffordevenhalfofalivingroominBeijing,”TuYouyoutoldthejournalistjokinglywhenaskedhowtospendtheprizemoney.當(dāng)被問及如何花這筆獎金時,屠呦呦開玩笑地告訴記者,“獎金太少,不夠在北京買半個客廳”。Unlessnecessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.除非有必要,否則你最好不要查詞典。◆知識拓展(1)狀語從句省略的條件：1)when,while,though,evenif,unless,if,asif等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句2)從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語為it3)狀語從句謂語中含有be動詞(2)狀語從句省略的形式：省略從句中的主語和be動詞4.Whatimpressessb.mostisthat…讓某人印象最深的是……Whatimpressedmemostisthat...(教材P53)給我留下最深刻印象的是……◆情景導(dǎo)學(xué)WeweredeeplyimpressedbyZhongNanshan,whodevotedhimselftoCOVID19inhiseighties.我們對鐘南山印象深刻,他在八十多歲時還致力于新冠肺炎。ThebeautifulsceneryofGuilinneverfailstoleaveadeepimpressiononitsvisitors.桂林的美景總是讓游客印象深刻。Heimpressedonustheneedforimmediateaction.他讓我們認識到立刻采取行動的必要。◆知識拓展(1)impressvt.給……留下深刻的好印象;在……上蓋印;使銘記impresssb.with...……給某人留下深刻的好印象impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人意識到某事beimpressedwith/by...對……欽佩/敬仰/有深刻的好印象(2)impressionn.印象leave/makeanimpressiononsb.給某人留下印象(3)impressiveadj.令人贊嘆的;令人敬佩的5.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyagainforthenextbatchofcrops.(教材P56)要種植不同作物的原因在于它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)放回了地里，讓它再次為下一批作物作好準(zhǔn)備?！羟榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)?Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父親去世了，留給他許多錢。?Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.大雨滂沱，導(dǎo)致那個國家洪水泛濫。本句中making的短語作結(jié)果狀語◆知識拓展現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，它的邏輯主語可以是整個句子的主語，也可以是前面整個句子，其表示的動作幾乎和謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果。【注意】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，其前常有only。Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimout.我急急忙忙趕到他家，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。(出乎意料的結(jié)果)錯題精練例1.完成句子考慮到她喜歡小孩子，我可以肯定教書是很適合她的職業(yè)。_______________________________________________________,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.【答案】Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren或Considering(that)sheisinterestedinchildren或Given/Consideringherinterestinchildren例2.單句語法填空/完成句子①Withtheguide___________(lead)theway,wefoundhishomeeasily.②Withallthetasks__________(finish),theywenttothecinemahappily.③Withalotofdifficultproblems__________(settle),thenewlyelectedmanagerisinadilemma.

④在這幅圖中,我們可以看到一個男孩穿著舊衣服,坐在一個堆著一堆書的破舊木桌旁邊。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】leading;finished;tosettle;Inthepicture,wecanseeaboyinwornclothessittingbyashabbywoodentablewithapileofbooksonit.

例3.單句語法填空/完成句子①While___________(climb)themountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.②When_________(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.③Heopenedhismouthasif__________(say)something.

④你就待在原地別動,除非叫你離開。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】climbing;asked;tosay;Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unlessaskedtoleave.

例4.用impress的適當(dāng)形式填空或完成句子多種翻譯①Myfirst____________ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.②Whatwasso____________aboutJasmineWestland'svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbarefooted.③Thepoorgirlfromasmallvillagewasdeeply____________bylargequantitiesoffoodinthebigcity.④What___________memostisthatwheneverheappearsinfrontofothersheoftenwearsabigsmile.陳老師今天上午做的講座給學(xué)生們留下了深刻