中高級(jí)口譯重點(diǎn)詞匯-經(jīng)濟(jì)與改革

CHAPTER1REFORM&ECONOMY經(jīng)濟(jì)與改革______________________________________________________________________________SECTIONI:英譯中Aahedgeagainstinflation[]n.防止通貨膨脹的措施aprudentmonetarypolicy[]n.穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策absoluteadvantagen.絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)accountingn.會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)；帳目清算；財(cái)會(huì)[glossary][擴(kuò)展]accountantn.會(huì)計(jì)（師）accountingfraud[]n.做假帳accountingscandal[]n.財(cái)務(wù)丑聞bookkeepingn.記帳financialstatementn.財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表keepthepublicinformedofthefinancialaffairs財(cái)務(wù)公開acquirev.購(gòu)置、獲取，購(gòu)買，取得所有權(quán)acquisitionofassets[]n.購(gòu)置資產(chǎn)activebalance(passivebalance/unfavorablebalance)n.順差(逆差)advancedtechnologyn.先進(jìn)技術(shù)aggregatedemand[]n.總需求aggregatesupplyn.總供給allocationoffinancialresources n. 金融資源配置amplesupply n. 供應(yīng)充裕anaverageannualincrease n. 年均增長(zhǎng)annualreturnn.年利潤(rùn)anti-dumpingmeasuresn.反傾銷措施areasforthemarketaccessn.市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入領(lǐng)域assetn.資產(chǎn)associatecompany(subsidiary/affiliate)[]n.聯(lián)營(yíng)公司（子公司、附屬公司）autarky[]n.自給自足;經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立（政策、地區(qū)、國(guó)家）authorizationbilln.授權(quán)書Bbadloansn.不良貸款bankingn.銀行業(yè)[glossary][擴(kuò)展]investmentbankn.投資銀行GoldmanSachs[]高盛Citibank花旗銀行HSBC(HongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation)匯豐銀行BankofAmerica美洲銀行DeutscheBank德意志銀行bankruptcyprotection[]n.破產(chǎn)保護(hù)blockreleasen.脫產(chǎn)進(jìn)修boomn./v.（經(jīng)濟(jì)）突然膨脹bottomlinen.帳本底線,底線brandloyaltyn.對(duì)某個(gè)牌子的忠誠(chéng)度brandnamesn.品牌BrettonWoodssystem[]布雷頓森林體系(一國(guó)際金融體系)budgetn./v.預(yù)算budgetdeficit[]n.預(yù)算赤字budgetsurplusn.預(yù)算盈余budgetaryitemsn.預(yù)算項(xiàng)目businesscyclen.商業(yè)周期businessfraudn.商業(yè)欺詐businessmechanism[]n.創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)制businessprototype[]n.商業(yè)原型、商業(yè)模型Ccapitaln.資本,資金,資產(chǎn)capitalflow n.資本流動(dòng)carloansn.汽車貸款cashbonuses[]n.現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)cashflown.現(xiàn)金流量cashier'scheque[]n.本票centralbusinessdistrict(CBD)n.中央商務(wù)區(qū)certificatedpublicaccountant(CPA)n.注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師certifiedbusinessexecutiven.高級(jí)商務(wù)師checksandbalancesn.相互制約和平衡collectcalln.對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話commerceclausen.商業(yè)條款commercializationn.商品化commodity[]n.商品commonlawn.習(xí)慣法companyn.公司[glossary][擴(kuò)展]concern[]公司，商行，康采恩（壟斷組織）corporate（股份有限）公司，企業(yè)conglomerate[]集團(tuán)企業(yè)，跨行業(yè)大企業(yè)firm公司，尤指合股、合伙公司enterprise企業(yè)，公司，事業(yè)business工商企業(yè)，商務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)establishment公司,企業(yè)，商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)house商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu);出版公司outfit企業(yè),商業(yè)組織venture(為贏利而進(jìn)行冒險(xiǎn)的)企業(yè)comparativeadvantagen.相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)competitionandcomparisonn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)比較competitionmechanismn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制competitionn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)contractn.合同consumers'associationn.消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)consumerconfidencen.消費(fèi)者信心consumerexpectationsn.消費(fèi)預(yù)期conventionalindustriesn.傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)corecompetitivenessn.核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力costn.成本cost-effectivenessn.成本效益cuttingedge(haveanedgeon)n.優(yōu)勢(shì)（比…有優(yōu)勢(shì)）Ddealer/jobber/brokern.經(jīng)銷商/股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人deficitspendingn.赤字開支deflation/inflationn.通貨緊縮/通貨膨脹demandn../v.需求demandcurven.需求曲線depositn./v.定金,保證金depreciation/appreciationn.貶值/增值depressionn.蕭條，經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的一段時(shí)期designerclothing/jeans/sneakersn.名牌服裝/牛仔褲/運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋devaluatev.(使)貶值discountraten.貼現(xiàn)率distribution n.流通,分配diversificationofinvestmentn.投資多元化double/triple/quadruple…v./adj./n.兩倍/三倍/四倍（翻兩翻）Eeconomicaggregate[] n.經(jīng)濟(jì)總量economicandculturalexchanges n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流economicbeltsn.經(jīng)濟(jì)帶economicglobalizationn.經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化economicgrowthn.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)economicleverage[]n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿作用economicregulationn.經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economicreturnsn.經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益economiczonesn.經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)economicaladj.節(jié)約的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的economicsn.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)economicillsn.經(jīng)濟(jì)弊病economyclassn.(客機(jī))經(jīng)濟(jì)艙effectiveCorpmanagementn.有效的公司管理[擴(kuò)展]“l(fā)ooseandtight”management張弛有度的管理aparagonofmanagementvirtue管理功效的典范consequencemanagement結(jié)果管理hands-offmanagement疏松管理HR(humanresource)人力資源HRmanagement人力調(diào)配performancemanagement業(yè)績(jī)管理PR(publicrelation)公關(guān)riskmanagement風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理transparencymanagement透明管理thetwo-tiermanagementsystem雙層管理體制top-downmanagement自上而下的管理模式makeone'sownmanagementdecisions自主經(jīng)營(yíng)managerialandtechnicalstaff管理技術(shù)人員managerialexpertise[]管理知識(shí)effectivedemandn.有效需求efficiencyn.效率，功效elasticity[]n.彈性、可塑性、靈活度electronicdealingn.電子交易electronicbusiness(E-business)n.電子商務(wù)elite[]n.精英emergingmarketn.新興市場(chǎng)employmentinsurancen.(EI,舊稱UI--unemploymentinsurance，失業(yè)保險(xiǎn))就業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金employmentraten.就業(yè)率employmentn.就業(yè)engineforeconomicgrowthn.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的引擎enterprisen.企業(yè)[擴(kuò)展]annexationandreorganizationofenterprises企業(yè)兼并重組corporatechecksandbalances企業(yè)間的制衡corporate/entrepreneurialculture企業(yè)文化corporateimage(CI)/enterpriseimage企業(yè)形象cross-nationalcorporation 跨國(guó)公司earningsgrowth收益增長(zhǎng)enterprisingspirit;pioneeringspirit創(chuàng)業(yè)精神entrepreneur企業(yè)家entrepreneurship企業(yè)家身分(地位、職權(quán)、能力)foreign-capitalenterprise外資企業(yè)foreign-investedventure外資企業(yè)freeenterprise自由企業(yè)(制)政府很少干預(yù)，私人自主經(jīng)營(yíng)individualinitiative個(gè)人主動(dòng)性initialcapital啟動(dòng)資金listingofacompany企業(yè)上市multinationalcorporation跨國(guó)公司teamspirit;espritdecorps團(tuán)隊(duì)精神traditional-boundbusiness受傳統(tǒng)束縛的企業(yè)transformation（企業(yè)）轉(zhuǎn)型transnationalcorporation跨國(guó)公司registeredcapital注冊(cè)資本overseas-fundedenterprises外資企業(yè)equities[]n.[英][pl.](無(wú)固定利息的)股票,證券F4P(product,price,placeandpromotion)4P營(yíng)銷理論:產(chǎn)品、價(jià)格、地點(diǎn)、促銷4C4C(以消費(fèi)者為中心[擴(kuò)展]Consumerneeds&wants消費(fèi)者的需求與欲望Cost

消費(fèi)者愿意付出的成本Convenience為消費(fèi)者所提供的方便Communication與消費(fèi)者的溝通faircompetitionn.公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)federalreservesystem(美國(guó))聯(lián)邦備銀行制度f(wàn)ederationn.聯(lián)邦financialfraud(s)n.金融欺詐financialcrisis(turmoil)n.金融危機(jī)（風(fēng)暴） financialmarketn.金融市場(chǎng)bullionmarket金銀買賣市場(chǎng)cashmarket現(xiàn)金市場(chǎng)debtmarket債務(wù)市場(chǎng)discountmarket貼現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)equitymarket股本市場(chǎng)foreignexchangeandderivativesmarkets外匯及衍生產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)foreignexchangemarket外匯市場(chǎng)globalfinancialsystem全球金融體系insurancemarket保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)securitiesmarket證券市場(chǎng)fiscal[]adj.財(cái)政的[擴(kuò)展]fiscalandmonetarylevers財(cái)政和貨幣杠桿fiscalbudget財(cái)政預(yù)算fiscalpolicy財(cái)政政策,財(cái)務(wù)方針fiscalyear財(cái)政年度f(wàn)iscallever財(cái)政杠桿fiscallevy財(cái)政稅收f(shuō)inancialdeficit財(cái)政赤字fiscalrevenue財(cái)政收入nationalrevenue財(cái)政收入fixedassetsn.固定資產(chǎn)fund/capital/venturecapitaln.資金,資本/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資金futuremarketn.期貨市場(chǎng)Ggenerateprofitv.創(chuàng)利GNPatfactorcost按成本要素計(jì)算的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值gopublicv.上市g(shù)otoChapter11v.（美）申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù)gounderv.(口)倒閉governmentspendingn.政府開支grayincomen.灰色收入GreatDepressionn.（美）大蕭條[詳析]：aprolongedandverysevererecession.TheeconomiccrisiswhichbeganaroundthetimeofthestockmarketcrashinOctober1929andcontinuedthroughthe1930s.grossdomesticproduct(GDP)n.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值grossnationalproduct(GNP)n.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值Hhead–huntern.獵頭公司hedge(against)[]v.保護(hù)或防御手段,尤指防止經(jīng)濟(jì)損失hedgefundn.對(duì)沖基金highreturnn.高收益，高回報(bào)holidayeconomyn.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)humancapitaln.人力資本hyperinflation[]n.惡性通貨膨脹Iimmediateconsumptionn.即期消費(fèi)immediateyieldn.直接回報(bào)incentiven.動(dòng)力industryn.工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)，行業(yè)[擴(kuò)展]advertisingindustry廣告業(yè)aerospaceindustry航空和航天工業(yè)aircraftindustry飛機(jī)制造工業(yè)basicindustry基礎(chǔ)工業(yè),重工業(yè)bookindustry圖書出版業(yè)brewingindustry啤酒釀造工業(yè);釀造工業(yè)capital-and-technology-intensiveindustries資金技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)carindustry汽車制造工業(yè)electronicindustry電子工業(yè)entertainmentindustry娛樂(lè)業(yè)equipmentmanufacturingindustry裝備制造業(yè)heavyindustry重工業(yè)informationindustry信息產(chǎn)業(yè)knowledge-intensiveindustry知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) labor-intensiveindustry勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) largeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)lightindustry輕工業(yè)lotteryindustry博彩業(yè)manufacturingindustry制造業(yè)monopolyindustries壟斷行業(yè)rubberindustry橡膠工業(yè)secondaryindustry第二產(chǎn)業(yè)serviceindustrydevelopinginallareas服務(wù)業(yè)全面發(fā)展textileindustry紡織行業(yè)thetertiaryindustry[]第三產(chǎn)業(yè)touristindustry旅游業(yè)industrialization n.工業(yè)化industriesinstraitenedcircumstances n.困難行業(yè)infrastructuren.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施insufficientdemandn.需求不足interestcutn.降息interestgroupn.利益集團(tuán)interestrate(s)n.利率internationalcompetitiveness n. 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力internationalsettlementn.國(guó)際結(jié)算Jjointeffortn.共同努力jointventuren.合資企業(yè)joint-stocksystemn.股份制KKeynes[]凱恩斯(英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家)Keynesiantheory[]凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)理論Llaborn../v.勞動(dòng)力labor-intensiveindustries n.勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)Laffercurve[]拉費(fèi)曲線(美國(guó)供應(yīng)學(xué)派經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家拉費(fèi)所假設(shè)的一條曲線)laissez-faire[]放任政策(尤指資本主義國(guó)家的政府對(duì)工商業(yè)者的自由)latechargen.滯納金lawofdemandn.需求定律lawofsupplyn.供給定律lawfulbusinessoperations n.合法經(jīng)營(yíng)leasingn.出租業(yè)務(wù)legalpersonn.法人legitimacy[]n.合理性、合法性legitimaterightsandinterestsn.正當(dāng)權(quán)益liabilityoffaultn.過(guò)失責(zé)任limitedliabilitycorporationn.有限公司liquidity[]n.變現(xiàn)能力listedcompaniesn.上市公司logistics[]n.物流lossleadern.為招攬顧客而削本出售的商品lossleaderstrategyn.(商店)優(yōu)惠策略MM&A(merger&acquisition) 收購(gòu)兼并macroeconomiccontroln.宏觀調(diào)控macroeconomicsn.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)makeendsmeetv.收支平衡;(口)日子過(guò)得去marginalreturnn.邊際報(bào)酬marketn.市場(chǎng)[擴(kuò)展]marketdiversification市場(chǎng)多元化marketeconomy市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)marketintelligence市場(chǎng)情報(bào)、市場(chǎng)調(diào)查marketsaturation市場(chǎng)飽和marketshare市場(chǎng)占有率marketsupervision市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管marketization 市場(chǎng)化market-orientedemploymentmechanisms市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制massproductionn.批量生產(chǎn)mechanismn.機(jī)制merger[]n.合并mergerandbankruptcyn.兼并破產(chǎn)merit[]n.價(jià)值microeconomicsn.微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)moderndistributionn.現(xiàn)代流通modernmarketeconomyn.現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)modernmarketsystemn.現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)體系modernservices n.現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)monetary[]adj.貨幣的[glossary][擴(kuò)展]Europeanmonetaryintegration歐洲貨幣一體化convertiblecurrency可兌換貨幣monetarylever貨幣杠桿monetarypolicy貨幣政策monetization貨幣化monetizationofpublicdebt公債貨幣化withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculation貨幣回籠monopoly[]n.壟斷multifunctionality[]n.多功能性multilateraltradenegotiationn.多邊貿(mào)易談判Oold-agepension n.養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度oligarchy[]n.寡頭政治,寡頭政治的執(zhí)政團(tuán)oligopoly[]n.求過(guò)于供的市場(chǎng)情況on-the-jobtrainingn.崗位培訓(xùn)opportunitycostn.機(jī)會(huì)成本optimize(maximize/minimize)v.優(yōu)化/最大化/最小化overheatingn.過(guò)熱Pparagon[]n.模范,典范patent[]n.專利patentgrantn.專利許可patentlawn.專利法規(guī)pensionn.退休金;養(yǎng)老金percapitaGDP[]n.人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值percapitaincomen.人均收入performancen.業(yè)績(jī)performance-basedsalarysystemn.基于業(yè)績(jī)的工資制度plunge/dip/downv/n.（價(jià)格）猛跌/小跌/下跌politicaleconomyn.政治經(jīng)濟(jì)portfolio[]n.一組投資positioningn.定位potentialmarketn.潛在市場(chǎng)practicalproductiveforcesn.現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力primaryproductiveforce n.第一生產(chǎn)力printingandpackagingbusinessn.包裝印刷業(yè)privateenterprisen.私營(yíng)企業(yè)privatepropertyn.私人財(cái)產(chǎn)privatesectorn.私營(yíng)部門privatizationn.私有化primeraten.銀行最低貸款利率producen.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品productivityn.生產(chǎn)力profitn./v.利潤(rùn)promotionn.促銷propaganda[]n.（貶義）宣傳proprietaryintellectualpropertyrights[]n.自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)protectionismn.貿(mào)易）保護(hù)主義publicsectorn.公共部門publicservicesn.公共服務(wù)purchasingpowern.購(gòu)買力QQC(qualitycheck)質(zhì)檢QFII[]合格的境外機(jī)構(gòu)投資者Rraffle[]v./n.抽獎(jiǎng)售貨realeconomyn.實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)recessionn.衰退，不景氣regime[]n.政權(quán)、機(jī)制rentn.租金regionalprotectionismn.地方保護(hù)主義resourcesn.資源restructuren.改組、重組retailgapn.零售空間Ssaturation;besaturated[]n./adj.飽和salesvolumen.銷售額satellitetownn.衛(wèi)星城savingsn.儲(chǔ)蓄scaleoperationn.規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)scarcityn.缺乏securitiesn.證券[glossary][擴(kuò)展]stock,bond,securities股票,債券,證券securities,optionsandfutures證券、期權(quán)及期貨AshareA股BshareB股bearmarket熊市bullmarket牛市China'sSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)corporatebonds企業(yè)債daytrading當(dāng)日交易delistedcompany被摘牌的公司equityparticipant參股者fixedincomeinvestments固定收益類投資hedge對(duì)沖；保值手段IPO(InitialPublicOffering)首次上市（股票）jointstockcompany參股公司long-termgovernmentbonds長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債long-termtreasurybondsforconstruction長(zhǎng)期建設(shè)國(guó)債rally反彈,股市價(jià)格和成交額在下跌后顯著的上升theDowJonesIndustrialAverage道瓊斯工業(yè)指數(shù)theNASDAQCompositeIndex納斯達(dá)克綜合指數(shù)theNikkeiAverage日京指數(shù)S&P(Standard&Poors)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾指數(shù)LondonSE(StockExchange)倫敦證券交易所NewYorkSE紐約證券交易所ShanghaiSE上海證券交易所ShenzhenSE深圳證券交易所seekingfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket上市融資securitiesinvestment證券投資statestockreduction;reducestate'sstakeinlistedcompanies國(guó)有股減持State-heldshares國(guó)有股Stockindex股票指數(shù)stockoption股票期權(quán)treasurybonds(T-bonds)國(guó)庫(kù)券TheSecuritiesandFuturesOrdinance(SFO)證券及期貨條例separationofpowersn.權(quán)利分離SEC(SecuritiesandExchangeCommission)(美)證券交易委員會(huì)slumpn./v.(經(jīng)濟(jì))衰退，滑坡soar/surge/climbn./v.（價(jià)格）上漲socialandeconomicstability n.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定socialcreditsystem n.社會(huì)信用體系socialwealthn.社會(huì)財(cái)富SOHO(SmallOffice&HomeOffice)SOHO一族(小型辦公室和家庭辦公室)solvency[]n.償付能力sourcesofinvestment n.投資主體speculativead,j.投機(jī)性的stabilizepricesv.穩(wěn)定物價(jià)start/build…fromscratchv.從零開始;白手起家storageandtransportn.儲(chǔ)運(yùn)strategicplanningn.戰(zhàn)略部署,戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃strong（curr