基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)常用詞匯

基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)常用英語詞匯1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想氣體狀態(tài)方程2.PartialPressures分壓3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真實(shí)氣體：對(duì)理想氣體行為的偏離4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德華方程5.SystemandSurroundings系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境6.StateandStateFunctions狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)7.Process過程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律10.HeatandWork熱與功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸熱與發(fā)熱過程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反應(yīng)熱13.Hess’sLaw蓋斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反應(yīng)速率16.ReactionOrder反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)17.RateConstants速率常數(shù)18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼烏斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反應(yīng)機(jī)理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化劑22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化劑23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常數(shù)25.theDirectionofReaction反應(yīng)方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響28.SpontaneousProcesses自發(fā)過程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵）30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵變32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由能變33.Acid-Bases酸堿34.TheDissociationofWater水離解35.TheProtoninWater水合質(zhì)子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和堿38.Proton-TransferReactions質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移反應(yīng)39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共軛酸堿對(duì)40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸堿的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸堿42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金屬離子的水解43.BufferSolutions緩沖溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同離子效應(yīng)45.BufferCapacity緩沖容量46.FormationofComplexIons配離子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度積常數(shù)49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons離子的沉淀與分離50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons離子的選擇沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化還原反應(yīng)52.OxidationNumber氧化數(shù)53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations氧化還原反應(yīng)方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反應(yīng)55.GalvaniCell原電池56.VoltaicCell伏特電池57.CellEMF電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)58.StandardElectrodePotentials標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化劑和還原劑60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis電解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons電子的波動(dòng)性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHydrogenAtom氫原子的波爾模型64.LineSpectra線光譜65.QuantumNumbers量子數(shù)66.ElectronSpin電子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子軌道68.Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals（p，d，f）軌道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多電子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital軌道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations電子構(gòu)型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumbers同位素，原子數(shù)，質(zhì)量數(shù)77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半徑79.IonizationEnergy電離能80.Electronegativity電負(fù)性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核電荷82.ElectronAffinities親電性83.Metals金屬84.Nonmetals非金屬85.ValenceBondTheory價(jià)鍵理論86.CovalenceBond共價(jià)鍵87.OrbitalOverlap軌道重疊88.MultipleBonds重鍵89.HybridOrbital雜化軌道90.TheVSEPRModel價(jià)層電子對(duì)互斥理論91.MolecularGeometries分子空間構(gòu)型92.MolecularOrbital分子軌道93.DiatomicMolecules雙原子分子94.BondLength鍵長(zhǎng)95.BondOrder鍵級(jí)96.BondAngles鍵角97.BondEnthalpies鍵能98.BondPolarity鍵矩99.DipoleMoments偶極矩100.PolarityMolecules極性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶體結(jié)構(gòu)103.Non-Crystal非晶體104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆積105.MetallicSolids金屬晶體106.MetallicBond金屬鍵107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids離子晶體109.Ion-DipoleForces離子偶極力110.MolecularForces分子間力111.IntermolecularForces分子間作用力112.HydrogenBonding氫鍵113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶體114.Compounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructureofComplexes配合物的命名，組成和結(jié)構(gòu)116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries電荷數(shù)、配位數(shù)、及幾何構(gòu)型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象119.StructuralIsomerism結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)120.Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComplexes八面體構(gòu)型配合物的電子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes四面體和平面四邊形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss區(qū)元素126.AlkaliMetals堿金屬127.AlkalineEarthMetals堿土金屬128.Hydrides氫化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides過氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氫氧化物132.Salts鹽133.p-BlockElementsp區(qū)元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族（硼，鋁，鎵，銦，鉈）135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroup(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族（碳，硅，鍺，錫，鉛）137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸鹽，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制備140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸鹽141.NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth)氮族（磷，砷，銻，鉍）142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸鹽，鹵化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，過氧化氫146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)鹵素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148.Halides,Chloride鹵化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有氣體150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有氣體化合物151.d-Blockelementsd區(qū)元素152.TransitionMetals過渡金屬153.PotassiumDichromate重鉻酸鉀154.PotassiumPermanganate高錳酸鉀155.IronCopperZincMercury鐵，銅，鋅，汞156.f-BlockElementsf區(qū)元素157.Lanthanides鑭系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化學(xué)160.NuclearFission核裂變161.NuclearFusion核聚變162.analyticalchemistry分析化學(xué)163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析166.instrumentalanalysis儀器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent試劑170.chromatographicanalysis色譜分析171.product產(chǎn)物172.electrochemicalanalysis電化學(xué)分析173.on-lineanalysis在線分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形態(tài)分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系統(tǒng)誤差180.routineanalysis常規(guī)分析181.randomerror偶然誤差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror過失誤差184.normaldistribution正態(tài)分布185.accuracy準(zhǔn)確度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relativestandarddeviation相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（RSD）189.coefficientvariation變異系數(shù)（CV）190.confidencelevel置信水平191.confidenceinterval置信區(qū)間192.significanttest顯著性檢驗(yàn)193.significantfigure有效數(shù)字194.standardsolution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometricpoint化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn)197.endpoint滴定終點(diǎn)198.titrationerror滴定誤差199.primarystandard基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)200.amountofsubstance物質(zhì)的量201.standardization標(biāo)定202.chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)203.concentration濃度204.chemicalequilibrium化學(xué)平衡205.titer滴定度206.generalequationforachemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)的通式207.protontheoryofacid-base酸堿質(zhì)子理論208.acid-basetitration酸堿滴定法209.dissociationconstant解離常數(shù)210.conjugateacid-basepair共軛酸堿對(duì)211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氫離子213.electrolyte電解質(zhì)214.ion-productconstantofwater水的離子積215.ionization電離216.protoncondition質(zhì)子平衡217.zerolevel零水準(zhǔn)218.buffersolution緩沖溶液219.methylorange甲基橙220.acid-baseindicator酸堿指示劑221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordinationcompound配位化合物223.centerion中心離子224.cumulativestabilityconstant累積穩(wěn)定常數(shù)225.alphacoefficient酸效應(yīng)系數(shù)226.overallstabilityconstant總穩(wěn)定常數(shù)227.ligand配位體228.ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229.sidereactioncoefficient副反應(yīng)系數(shù)230.coordinationatom配位原子231.coordinationnumber配位數(shù)232.lonepairelectron孤對(duì)電子233.chelatecompound螯合物234.metalindicator金屬指示劑235.chelatingagent螯合劑236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron電子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化劑242.reduction還原243.catalyticreaction催化反應(yīng)244.reactionrate反應(yīng)速率245.electrodepotential電極電勢(shì)246.activationenergy反應(yīng)的活化能247.redoxcouple氧化還原電對(duì)248.potassiumpermanganate高錳酸鉀249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassiumdichromate重鉻酸鉀251.cerimetry鈰量法252.redoxindicator氧化還原指示253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量（OC）254.chemicaloxygendemanded化學(xué)需氧量(COD)255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧(DO)256.precipitation沉淀反應(yīng)257.argentimetry銀量法258.heterogeneousequilibriumofions多相離子平衡259.aging陳化260.postprecipitation繼沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼燒263.fitration過濾264.decantation傾瀉法265.chemicalfactor化學(xué)因數(shù)266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibrationcurve校正曲線271.standardcurve標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線272.monochromator單色器273.source光源274.wavelengthdispersion色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)277.bathochromicshift紅移278.Molarabsorptivity摩爾吸光系數(shù)279.hypochromicshift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylatingagent乙酰化劑283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethylether乙醚285.ethylalcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontlcompoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecularelimination雙分子消除反應(yīng)289.bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution雙分子親核取代反應(yīng)290.openchaincompound開鏈族化合物291.molecularorbitaltheory分子軌道理論292.chiralmolecule手性分子293.tautomerism互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象294.reactionmechanism反應(yīng)歷程295.chemicalshift化學(xué)位移296.Waldeninversio瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)n297.Enantiomorph對(duì)映體298.additionreaction加成反應(yīng)299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立體化學(xué)302.stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)體303.Lucasreagent盧卡斯試劑304.covalentbond共價(jià)鍵305.conjugateddiene共軛二烯烴306.conjugateddoublebond共軛雙鍵307.conjugatedsystem共軛體系308.conjugatedeffect共軛效應(yīng)309.isomer同分異構(gòu)體310.isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象311.organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)312.hybridization雜化313.hybridorbital雜化軌道314.heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)化合物315.peroxideeffect過氧化物效應(yīng)t316.valencebondtheory價(jià)鍵理論317.sequencerule次序規(guī)則318.electron-attractinggroup吸電子基319.Huckelrule休克爾規(guī)則320.Hinsbergtest興斯堡試驗(yàn)321.infraredspectrum紅外光譜322.Michaelreacton麥克爾反應(yīng)323.halogenatedhydrocarbon鹵代烴324.haloformreaction鹵仿反應(yīng)325.systematicnomenclatur系統(tǒng)命名法e326.Newmanprojection紐曼投影式327.aromaticcompound芳香族化合物328.aromaticcharacter芳香性r329.Claisencondensationreaction克萊森酯縮合反應(yīng)330.Claisenrearrangement克萊森重排331.Diels-Alderreation狄爾斯-阿爾得反應(yīng)332.Clemmensenreduction克萊門森還原333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎羅反應(yīng)334.positionalisomers位置異構(gòu)體335.unimoleculareliminationreaction單分子消除反應(yīng)336.unimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution單分子親核取代反應(yīng)337.benzene苯338.functional