Unit 1 Reading and Thinking 分層作業(yè)（解析版）

Unit1Period1ReadingandThinkingI.拓展詞匯①frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratev.使惱怒；挫敗→frustrationn.懊惱；沮喪；挫?、赾ontradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的→contradictv.同……矛盾；否認(rèn)；反駁③infectionn.感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectiousadj.感染的；傳染的④multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyv.乘；(使)相乘；(使)增加；(使)繁殖⑤transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變→transformationn.改觀；改變Ⅱ.短語背誦1.onceandforall最終地；徹底地 2.subscribeto同意；贊同3.thanksto幸虧；由于 4.intime及時(shí)；遲早5.betoblame(對(duì)某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任 6.asaresultof因?yàn)?.attendto照顧 8.ingeneral一般地；從總體上看9.alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的聯(lián)系I.單句語法填空1.Hewas__________angrythathelefttheroomwithoutaword.2.Itseems__________youdon’twanttogothere.3.Hewantstohavehiseyes__________(examine)tomorrow.4.Ourschool__________(see)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.5.UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday,I__________(subscribe)toseveralmagazinesrecently.6.Thetranslatorwas__________(blame)forthemisunderstanding.7.Thanks__________themovie,shewastransformed(transform)almostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar.8.Thepolicesuspectedhim__________tellingalieabouthismovementslastnight.9.Thisspeciesofbirdis__________thedecreaseinnumbereveryyear.10.Theywentontothenexttown,wherethey__________(link)upwiththeotherparty.【答案】1.so2.that3.examined4.hasseen5.havesubscribed6.toblame7.to8.of9.on10.linkedII.語法填空QianXuesen,orHsue-shenTsien(11December1911—31October2009),wasaChinesemathematician,aerospaceengineerandphysicist,1madesignificantcontributionstothefieldofaerodynamics(空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)).AftergraduatingfromahighschoolinBeijing,Qian2(admit)intoShanghaiJiaotongUniversityin1934.InAugust1935,QianleftChina3(study)mechanicalengineeringattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)onascholarship,whereheobtainedaMasterofSciencedegreeafteroneyearLater,QianleftfortheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)andstudiedunderTheodorevonKarman,whowasregardedas4outstandingscientistofthe20thcentury.ShortlyafterarrivingatCaltech,Qianwasinvolved5rocket-relatedexperimentsatalaboratoryatCaltech.Hereceivedhisdoctor’sdegreefromCaltechin1939.DuringWorldWarIIQianhelpedprepareananalysisoftheGermanrocketprogramfortheUS.6,QianhaddifficultyadjustingtoAmericancultureandhisstrongpersonalattachmenttoChinacausedsuspicions(懷疑).Throughaseriesof7(effort),Qianwas8(ultimate)allowedtoreturntoChinawithhiswifeandkidsseveralyearslater.Tohissurprise,9hereceivedinChinawasahero’swelcomefromtheChinesegovernment.Heearnedthetitle“thefatherofChina’saerospace”,becausehepersonallytrainedthefirstgenerationofChina’saerospaceengineers.Qian’sloveforChinaandhis10(determine)totherevitalization(復(fù)興)ofChinamadehimawell-respectedscientistinthehistoryofChina.【答案】1.who2.wasadmitted3.tostudy4.an5.in6.However7.efforts8.ultimately9.what10.determination【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了錢學(xué)森的人生經(jīng)歷。1.考查定語從句。句意：錢學(xué)森，或稱許慎謙（1911年12月11日－2009年10月31日），中國數(shù)學(xué)家、航空航天工程師和物理學(xué)家，在空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處使用了非限制性定語從句，先行詞為QianXuesen指人在從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞只能用who，故填who。2.考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：錢從北京一所高中畢業(yè)后，于1934年考入上海交通大學(xué)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1934，可知，陳述過去所發(fā)生的事情要使用一般過去時(shí)，Qian與admit之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填wasadmitted。3.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：1935年8月，錢獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金離開中國，前往麻省理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械工程，一年后獲得理學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已含有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞且沒有連接詞，此處需使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，此處要使用不定式作目的狀語，故填tostudy。4.考查冠詞。句意：后來，錢去了加州理工學(xué)院，師從西奧多·馮·卡曼，后者被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)杰出的科學(xué)家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，scientist“科學(xué)家”可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表泛指，前邊缺少不定冠詞，outstanding以元音音素開頭，要使用不定冠詞an，故填an。5.考查介詞。句意：抵達(dá)加州理工學(xué)院后不久，錢在加州理工大學(xué)的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室參與了與火箭相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。短語beinvolvedin“參與”符合句意，故填in。6.考查副詞。句意：然而，錢很難適應(yīng)美國文化，他對(duì)中國的強(qiáng)烈個(gè)人依戀引起了懷疑。結(jié)合上下句句意可知，兩者之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，使用However“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折符合句意，位于句首注意首字母要大寫，故填However。7.考查名詞。句意：經(jīng)過一系列努力，錢最終被允許在幾年后帶著妻子和孩子返回中國。短語aseriesof“一系列”后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填efforts。8.考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)過一系列努力，錢最終被允許在幾年后帶著妻子和孩子返回中國。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要使用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語，故填ultimately。9.考查主語從句。句意：令他驚訝的是，他在中國受到了中國政府的英雄般的歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處使用了主語從句，從句中缺少主語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處使用疑問代詞what符合句意，故填what。10.考查名詞。句意：錢其琛對(duì)中國的熱愛和振興中國的決心使他成為中國歷史上備受尊敬的科學(xué)家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，形容詞性物主代詞his后要使用名詞作主語，故填determination。I.閱讀理解Heisregardedashavingoneofthebrightestmindsontheplanet.Butoutstandingastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)StephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall,ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhileatOxfordUniversity,wherehestudiedphysics,andthatonlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneuron(神經(jīng)元)diseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.ProfessorHawkingsaid,“MysisterPhilippacouldreadbytheageof4andshewasdefinitelybrighterthanme.”Hesaidthathewasunexceptionalatschoolandwasneverfurtherthanhalfwayuphisclass.“Myclassworkwasveryuntidy,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers,”hesaid.“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”Buthesaidthatitwaswhendoctorstoldhimthatheprobablyonlyhadafewyearstoliveattheageof21thatgalvanised(刺激)himintofocusingonhisworkandaperiodofproductivitythatresultedinsomeofhisearlybreakthroughs.Hesaid,“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealisethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.StephenHawkingisthesecondEinsteinintheworld.B.StephenHawkingcouldn’treadattheageof7.C.StephenHawking’shandwritingwasonceterriblybad.D.StephenHawking’ssisteronceperformedmuchbetterthanhim.2.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeHawkingwhenhestudiedatOxfordUniversity?A.Clever. B.Lazy. C.Ambitious. D.Mean.3.FromwhomdidHawkinggetarelativelyjustrespectwhenhewasatschool?A.Hissister. B.Hisclassmates. C.Histeachers. D.Hisparents.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Hislifemightbetakenawaybylonghardwork.B.ItwaspossibleforHawkingtofacetheearlydeath.C.StephenHawkingdidn’trealisehisdreamsinphysics.D.Thepurposeofthedoctor’sdiagnosiswastoencouragehimtoworkhard.【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了傳奇科學(xué)家史蒂芬·霍金的故事。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.（但我的同學(xué)給我起了個(gè)綽號(hào)叫愛因斯坦，所以他們大概看到了更好的東西的跡象。）”可知，綽號(hào)“愛因斯坦”是同學(xué)給起的，但并不意味著他就是第二個(gè)愛因斯坦。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall,ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhileatOxfordUniversity,（在皇家阿爾伯特音樂廳的一次公開演講中，霍金教授還承認(rèn)，他在牛津大學(xué)期間學(xué)習(xí)并不積極）”可知，霍金在牛津大學(xué)期間是懶惰的。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“‘Myclassworkwasveryuntidy,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers,’hesaid.‘ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.’（“我的作業(yè)很不整潔，我的字讓老師們很失望。”他說?！暗业耐瑢W(xué)給我起了個(gè)愛因斯坦的外號(hào)，所以他們可能看到了更好的東西。”）”可知，盡管老師不看好他，但同學(xué)們?nèi)越o他“愛因斯坦”綽號(hào)，說明同學(xué)們比較尊重他。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hesaid,“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealisethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”（他說，“當(dāng)你面臨過早死亡的可能性時(shí)，它會(huì)讓你意識(shí)到生命是值得活下去的，你有很多事情想做”）”可知，本段講述他有可能要面對(duì)英年早逝的不幸事實(shí)。故選B。II.七選五HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.1Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyou.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.2Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.3Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleavesyoualone.I'mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.4It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists,becauseyouhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis:5A.Avoidfoolishpeople.B.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.C.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.D.Ifyoucan’tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.E.Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.F.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.G.Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何在科學(xué)上取得成功。1.A根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的內(nèi)容可知，只有和比自己聰明的人在一起才能學(xué)到東西，所以此處應(yīng)表示：避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故選A。2.G根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句可知，在科學(xué)或生活的游戲中，最高的目標(biāo)不僅僅是獲勝，而是在一些非常困難的事情上獲勝。換句話說，要通過克服困難來超越自我，使自己取得成功。G項(xiàng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋。3.F根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的內(nèi)容可知，如果想取得很大的成功，科學(xué)家必須準(zhǔn)備好深陷困境中。結(jié)合設(shè)空處后一句可知，設(shè)空處會(huì)提到使你感到沮喪的情況。F項(xiàng)“此外，甚至也要準(zhǔn)備好懷疑你心中的科學(xué)英雄”符合語境。4.C根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句中的“dowellinsomethingIdislike”可知，在科學(xué)研究中，對(duì)于自己不喜歡的事情做不好，但對(duì)于自己喜歡的事情也不一定能做好。故選C。5.D根據(jù)上一段的內(nèi)容可知，要和其他科學(xué)家交流，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忽略的關(guān)鍵事實(shí)，甚至要和你的競爭對(duì)手交流，即使你覺得他們令人反感。也就是說，如果你無法忍受與你的地位真正相當(dāng)?shù)娜艘黄鸸ぷ?，你就不要進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究了。故選D。Ⅲ.完形填空Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfulluseofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenot1onobviousfacts,andtherefore2toacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas3andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto4asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford.HewasprobablythefirstpersonintheMiddleAgesto5thatweshouldlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself6manyimportanttruths.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,whobegantoshowhowmanyimportant7couldbediscoveredbyobservation.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore8towardstheearththansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.ButGalileowenttothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisaanddroppedtwo9stones,provingAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo’s10ofgoingdirectlytonature,andprovingour11andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathas12allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What13thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,wecansee14thatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave15betterresults.1.A.dependent B.based C.insisted D.centered2.A.refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets3.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately4.A.look B.keep C.date D.turn5.A.command B.suspect C.predict D.conclude6.A.brought B.recorded C.discovered D.announced7.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects8.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily9.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal10.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish11.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability12.A.ledto B.camewith C.setup D.putforward13.A.promises B.prevents C.considers D.makes14.A.likely B.clearly C.naturally D.unwillingly15.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C5.D6.C7.A8.B9.D10.A11.B12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】本文是一篇議論文。作者通過實(shí)例闡述自己的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：科學(xué)家應(yīng)該是一個(gè)很好的觀察者，不能盲目相信他人，應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來獲得正確的觀點(diǎn)和理論。1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他不接受沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法，因此拒絕接受權(quán)威是唯一的真相。A.dependent依靠的；B.based以……為基礎(chǔ)，基于；C.insisted堅(jiān)持；D.centered集中。根據(jù)“Hemakesfulluseofthefactsheobserves”可知，他利用觀察到的事實(shí)，所以不接受沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法，“bebasedon”固定短語，“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。故選B。2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他不接受沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法，因此拒絕接受權(quán)威是唯一的真相。A.refuses拒絕；B.desires渴望；C.intends打算；D.regrets后悔。根據(jù)本句“Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenot1onobviousfacts”可知，前后為因果關(guān)系，不接受沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法，因此拒絕接受權(quán)威是唯一的真相。故選A。3.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他總是仔細(xì)檢查想法，并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明它們。A.casually隨便地；B.carefully仔細(xì)地；C.quickly迅速地；D.privately私下地。根據(jù)“Healwayschecksideas”和下文“andmakesexperimentstoprovethem”可知，此處介紹好的科學(xué)家的品質(zhì)，故應(yīng)為仔細(xì)檢查想法。故選B。4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起或許可以認(rèn)為可以追溯到羅杰·培根時(shí)代，牛津杰出的哲學(xué)家。A.look看；B.keep保留，維持；C.date約定，定日期；D.turn轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)下文的“HewasprobablythefirstpersonintheMiddleAgesto5thatweshouldlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知，羅杰·培根是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)提出我們應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)我們周圍的事物來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，因此現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起可能是追溯到他的時(shí)期?！癲atebackto”固定短語，“追溯到”。故選C。5.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)推斷出我們應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)我們周圍的事物來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，他自己也發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多重要的真理。A.command命令；B.suspect懷疑；C.predict預(yù)測；D.conclude推斷出。根據(jù)空后的賓語從句“thatweshouldlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知，推斷出我們應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)我們周圍的事物來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)。故選D。6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)推斷出我們應(yīng)該通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)我們周圍的事物來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，他自己也發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多重要的真理。A.brought帶來；B.recorded記錄；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.announced宣布。根據(jù)空后賓語“manyimportanttruths”可知，他本人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多重要的真理。故選C。7.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，伽利略，生活在300多年以后，是意大利，法國，德國和英國，幾個(gè)偉大的人物中最偉大的一個(gè)，開始說明，通過觀察，可以逐步發(fā)現(xiàn)多少重要的真理。A.truths事實(shí)；真理；B.problems問題；C.investigations調(diào)查；D.subjects主題。根據(jù)空后“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”以及上文“manyimportanttruths”可知，很多真理可以通過觀察而被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。8.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們相信大的物體比小