2024-2025學(xué)年河南省濮陽市普通高中高一下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省濮陽市普通高中2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVisitingCollegeStudentsHere,you’llhavethechancetostudyalongsideYalestudents,explorechallengingcourses,andexperiencelifeatoneoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.Asavisitingstudent,you’llbeabletovisitYale’sprofessionalteachersanduniquecampusenvironment,creatinganunforgettablesummerofgrowth,learning,andconnection.WelookforwardtowelcomingyoutoYale!2025YaleSummerSession(課程)DatesSessionA:May26—June27,2025SessionB:June30—August1,2025ApplicationRequirementsThefollowingmaterialsarerequiredforvisitingcollegestudentapplications:1.OnlineApplication2.UniversityTranscript(成績(jī)單)(inEnglish):withFall2024grades.Ifyourfallgradesarenotavailableandyouhavenouniversitylevelgradestosendin,thenyoumustsendinyourhighschooltranscript.Ifapplyingtoattendin-person,thereareadditionalrequirementsforyourapplication:1.U.S.-basedhealthinsurance2.Immunization(免疫)recordsEducationalInformationforVisitingCollegeStudentsIntheonlineapplication,you’llchooseyourcoursesforcredit(學(xué)分)orchooseaspecificprogram.Werecommendreadingthecoursedescriptionsbeforehandtoensureyouchoosethebestfit.Onceyou’readmittedtoacourseorprogram,you’llbeofficiallyenrolled(登記)inYaleSummerSession.Full-timestudyincludestwocourses(totaling2credits)persession,whichisalsothebiggestenrollmentallowed.Ifyoudecidenottoattendafterbeingadmitted,you’llneedtoquitfromYaleSummerSessionbycompletingtheChangeForm.ResidentialInformationforVisitingCollegeStudentsDuringthesummer,YaleResidentialColleges(on-campushousing)areopen,withYaleundergraduatesservingasresidentialadviserstoprovidesupportandhelp.Allstudentsaged18orolderarehousedtogether.Formoreinformationaboutlivingoncampus,besuretoexplorethe“Experience”sectionoftheschoolwebsite.1.Whichmonthistotallyincludedin2025YaleSummerSessions?A.May. B.June. C.July. D.August.2.Whatshouldyoudotoapplyforin-personcoursesoftheYaleSummerSession?A.Offeryourfall2025grades. B.CompleteaChangeForm.C.Sendinhealthinformation. D.Providealetterofrecommendation.3.Whatissuggestedtolearnmoreabouton-campusaccommodation?A.Visitingtheschoolwebsite. B.Talkingwithanundergraduate.C.Askingadvicefromanadviser. D.Referringtoexperiencesharedonline.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了以訪問者的身份參加2025年耶魯大學(xué)暑假預(yù)科班的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2025YaleSummerSessionDates部分的“SessionA:May26—June27,2025,SessionB:June30—August1,2025(A期：2025年5月26日至6月27日，B期：2025年6月30日至8月1日)”可知，7月份全部包含在了耶魯暑期班里。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationRequirements部分的“Ifapplyingtoattendin-person,thereareadditionalrequirementsforyourapplication:1.U.S.-basedhealthinsurance2.Immunizationrecords(如申請(qǐng)面授，還需滿足以下附加要求：1.美國境內(nèi)有效的健康保險(xiǎn)2.疫苗接種記錄)”可知，申請(qǐng)面授課程需要提交健康方面的有關(guān)信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ResidentialInformationforVisitingCollegeStudents部分的“Formoreinformationaboutlivingoncampus,besuretoexplorethe“Experience”sectionoftheschoolwebsite.(如需了解更多關(guān)于校園生活的信息，請(qǐng)務(wù)必瀏覽學(xué)校官網(wǎng)的“體驗(yàn)”版塊)”可知，若想了解更多關(guān)于校內(nèi)住宿情況，應(yīng)瀏覽學(xué)校網(wǎng)站。故選A項(xiàng)。BLivingonthelowerpartsofNewSouthWales’BlueMountainswithaforestknownasTheDevilsWildernessonhisdoorstep,fiveyearsagoFlynMorganwaspreparingtostarthighschoolwhentheGospersMountainfirecametowardshistown.Thewildfirewhichburnedfor15weeksbetween2019and2020wasoneofthemostdisastrouseventsofAustralia.ItwasalsowhatdroveyoungmenandwomenlikeFlyn,now17,tosignupfortheRural(農(nóng)村的)FireService’s(RFS)highschoolcadet(見習(xí))program.TwoyearsaftercompletingtheSecondarySchoolsCadetprogramatColoHighSchool,FlynandhisclassmateAlexCarpenterhavebecomefullmembersoftheirlocalvolunteerfirefightingdepartment,andhaveeachspenttimeonfiregrounds,fromworkingonriskreductioninthegrasstoputtingoutcarfiresinthelocalarea.Thepairhaveevenstartedtrainingthelatestgraduates—fiveyoungerclassmateswhoarenowthemselvesworkingtheirwaytowardsbasicfirefightercertification(證書).TheRFShasbeguntheyearwithmorethan1,360juniormembers,anumberthathasslowlyincreasedoverthepasttwoyears,includingvolunteersasyoungas12.Juniormembersareallowedtorespondtoeventsfromtheageof16.Morethan12,800studentshavecompletedtheSecondarySchoolCadetprogram,whichfocusesonfiresafetyandpreventionratherthanactivefirefightingskills,sinceitbegan20yearsago,including670whograduatedin2024.HawkesburyDistrictcadetorganizerPhilHurstsaiditwasapointofprideknowingseveraloftheregion’scaptainswereoncetraineesintheprogramandthattheRFSneededalltheyoungtalentitcouldget.“IntheRFSthere’sabignumberofuswhoarewellandtrulyretirementage,andit’sgettingworse,”hesaid.“TheaverageageofanRFSmemberisgettingolder,sothemorewecanencouragetheyoungerguystocomethrough,thebetter.”4.WhatinspiredFlyntosignupfortheRFS?A.Thewildfireinlate2019. B.Hisdreamofbeingafirefighter.C.ThebeautyofBlueMountains. D.Hiswishtounderstandwildfires.5.Whatdoesparagraph3tellusabouttheSecondarySchoolsCadetprogram?A.Itslimitation. B.Itssuccess. C.Itsorigin. D.Itsfeature.6.WhatisPhilHurst’sattitudetowardtheRFS?A.Doubtful. B.Uncertain. C.Distrustful. D.Positive.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.BraveTeenagersReadytoFight B.FirefightingIsBecomingaHotJobC.FirefightersTendtoBeYounger D.RuralFireServiceNeedsMoreMembers【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了澳大利亞農(nóng)村消防服務(wù)的高中見習(xí)計(jì)劃及其成效，以及該服務(wù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和需求。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thewildfirewhichburnedfor15weeksbetween2019and2020wasoneofthemostdisastrouseventsofAustralia.ItwasalsowhatdroveyoungmenandwomenlikeFlyn,now17,tosignupfortheRural(農(nóng)村的)FireService’s(RFS)highschoolcadet(見習(xí))program.(2019年至2020年期間燃燒了15周的野火是澳大利亞最災(zāi)難性的事件之一。這也促使了像現(xiàn)年17歲的弗林這樣的年輕男女報(bào)名參加農(nóng)村消防服務(wù)局(RFS)的高中見習(xí)生項(xiàng)目。)”可知，2019年末的那場(chǎng)野火促使弗林報(bào)名參加RFS。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TwoyearsaftercompletingtheSecondarySchoolsCadetprogramatColoHighSchool,FlynandhisclassmateAlexCarpenterhavebecomefullmembersoftheirlocalvolunteerfirefightingdepartment,andhaveeachspenttimeonfiregrounds,fromworkingonriskreductioninthegrasstoputtingoutcarfiresinthelocalarea.Thepairhaveevenstartedtrainingthelatestgraduates—fiveyoungerclassmateswhoarenowthemselvesworkingtheirwaytowardsbasicfirefightercertification(證書).(在科洛高中完成中學(xué)見習(xí)生項(xiàng)目?jī)赡旰?，弗林和他的同學(xué)亞歷克斯·卡彭特已成為當(dāng)?shù)刂驹赶啦块T的正式成員，并各自在火場(chǎng)度過了一段時(shí)間，工作內(nèi)容包括在草地中降低火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及撲滅當(dāng)?shù)氐钠嚮馂?zāi)。兩人甚至開始培訓(xùn)最新的畢業(yè)生——五名更年輕的同學(xué)，他們現(xiàn)在正在努力獲得基本消防員證書。)”可知，第三段講述弗林和他的同學(xué)在完成中學(xué)見習(xí)生項(xiàng)目后，已成為當(dāng)?shù)刂驹赶啦块T的正式成員，并且開始培訓(xùn)新學(xué)員，這表明該項(xiàng)目取得了成功。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“HawkesburyDistrictcadetorganizerPhilHurstsaiditwasapointofprideknowingseveraloftheregion’scaptainswereoncetraineesintheprogramandthattheRFSneededalltheyoungtalentitcouldget.“IntheRFSthere’sabignumberofuswhoarewellandtrulyretirementage,andit’sgettingworse,”hesaid.“TheaverageageofanRFSmemberisgettingolder,sothemorewecanencouragetheyoungerguystocomethrough,thebetter.”(霍克斯伯里區(qū)見習(xí)生組織者菲爾·赫斯特說，得知該地區(qū)的幾位隊(duì)長(zhǎng)曾是該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)員，并且RFS需要所有能得到的年輕人才，他感到很自豪。他說：“在RFS中，我們有很多人確實(shí)已經(jīng)到了退休年齡，而且情況越來越糟。RFS成員的平均年齡正在變老，所以我們能鼓勵(lì)的年輕人越多越好?！?”可知，菲爾·赫斯特認(rèn)為RFS需要所有能得到的年輕人才，并且他對(duì)于RFS能鼓勵(lì)年輕人加入感到自豪，這表明他對(duì)RFS持積極態(tài)度。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第二段“Thewildfirewhichburnedfor15weeksbetween2019and2020wasoneofthemostdisastrouseventsofAustralia.ItwasalsowhatdroveyoungmenandwomenlikeFlyn,now17,tosignupfortheRural(農(nóng)村的)FireService’s(RFS)highschoolcadet(見習(xí))program.(2019年至2020年期間燃燒了15周的野火是澳大利亞最災(zāi)難性的事件之一。這也促使了像現(xiàn)年17歲的弗林這樣的年輕男女報(bào)名參加農(nóng)村消防服務(wù)局(RFS)的高中見習(xí)生項(xiàng)目。)”和第三段“TwoyearsaftercompletingtheSecondarySchoolsCadetprogramatColoHighSchool,FlynandhisclassmateAlexCarpenterhavebecomefullmembersoftheirlocalvolunteerfirefightingdepartment,andhaveeachspenttimeonfiregrounds,fromworkingonriskreductioninthegrasstoputtingoutcarfiresinthelocalarea.(在科洛高中完成中學(xué)見習(xí)生項(xiàng)目?jī)赡旰螅チ趾退耐瑢W(xué)亞歷克斯·卡彭特已成為當(dāng)?shù)刂驹赶啦块T的正式成員，并各自在火場(chǎng)度過了一段時(shí)間，工作內(nèi)容包括在草地中降低火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及撲滅當(dāng)?shù)氐钠嚮馂?zāi)。)”可知，文章主要講述了像弗林這樣的勇敢青少年準(zhǔn)備投身消防事業(yè)的故事，所以A項(xiàng)“BraveTeenagersReadytoFight(勇敢的青少年準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗)”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CDeepSeek,released(發(fā)布)inMay2023byaformerAIstudent-turnedmanager,saysithasfoundawaytomatchtheperformanceofitsU.S.competitorsinAI,andatasmallpartofthecost.Ithadalreadydrawnattentionwithaseriesofhighperformancelargelanguagemodels(LLMs).UnlikeChatGPTandmostofitsWesterncompetitors,DeepSeek’sLLMsareopensource,whichmeansuserscanviewandchangethesourcecode(編碼)toimproveit.Now,DeepSeeksaysithastakenamajorstepforwardwithitslatestmodel,V3.“Itoutperformsotheropen-sourcemodelsandachievesperformancecomparabletoleadingclosed-sourcemodels,”thecompanysays.AIobserverstakeitseriously.DeepSeekhas“closedthegapwithsomeoftheworld’sbestLLMs”,evenoutperformingOpenAI’slatestmodel,sayspoliticalscientistJeffreyDingofGeorgeWashingtonUniversity.IfDeepSeekV3passesfurtherchecks,“itwillbeahighlyimpressivedisplayofresearchandengineeringunderresourceshortage,”computerscientistAndrejKarpathywrote.DeepSeeksaysitsapproachreducesthecomputingpowerneededtotrainthemodelandproducesmoreefficient(高效的)responsestorequests.Onlyapartoftheexpertnetworkswithinthemodelistrainedforatask.Then,agating(門控)networksendsrequeststotheexpertnetworksbestsuitedtoanswer.Theincreasedefficiencysavesmoney,DeepSeekproudlysays.Itsaysitspentjust$5.6milliontotrainV3—farlessthantheexpected$78millionitcostOpenAItotrainChatGPT.Unlikemostofitsmajorcompetitors,DeepSeekisnotsupportedbyoneofChina’shigh-techcompanies,whicharedevelopingvarioustechnologies.Thecompany’sprimaryfocusisoncreationsandthedevelopmentofhigh-performingChineseLLMs.AlthoughDeepSeekhasmademajorprogress,observersseechallengesahead.Itsopen-sourceapproachmeanscompetitorscanimproveuponDeepSeek’smethods.Andthecompanywillabsolutelycontinuetostruggleinthefuturetopushtheboundaries(前沿)ofsoftwareandsystemscreationtostayinthegame.8.WhatdoweknowaboutDeepSeek?A.ItsLLMsarefreetouse. B.Itcostsmorethanitscompetitors.C.Itsperformanceisunsatisfying. D.ItsV3isthelargestatpresent.9.WhatdoesDeepSeektakepridein?A.Itsnewly-inventedlanguage. B.Itsrelativelylowercost.C.Itspopularityamongusers. D.Itsoutstandingmanager.10.WhatisDeepSeek’soriginalintention?A.Togetthemostoutofsmallcosts. B.Tocompetewithleadingcompanies.C.TocreatebetterLLMsofChina. D.Tobecomeaworld-classhigh-techcompany.11.WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofDeepSeekfromthelastparagraph?A.Ungrown. B.Promising. C.Profitable. D.Challenging.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了DeepSeek的開源大語言模型以低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)了媲美國際競(jìng)品的性能，但未來仍需應(yīng)對(duì)開源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和技術(shù)突破的挑戰(zhàn)。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“UnlikeChatGPTandmostofitsWesterncompetitors,DeepSeek’sLLMsareopensource,whichmeansuserscanviewandchangethesourcecode(編碼)toimproveit.(與ChatGPT和大多數(shù)西方競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手不同，DeepSeek的大語言模型是開源的，這意味著用戶可以查看并修改源代碼來改進(jìn)它。)”可知，DeepSeek的大語言模型是開源的，用戶可以免費(fèi)使用和修改。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theincreasedefficiencysavesmoney,DeepSeekproudlysays.Itsaysitspentjust$5.6milliontotrainV3—farlessthantheexpected$78millionitcostOpenAItotrainChatGPT.(DeepSeek自豪地表示，效率提升顯著降低了成本。該公司透露，訓(xùn)練V3模型僅花費(fèi)560萬美元，遠(yuǎn)低于OpenAI訓(xùn)練ChatGPT預(yù)計(jì)所需的7800萬美元。)”可知，DeepSeek以遠(yuǎn)低于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的成本實(shí)現(xiàn)了高性能，這是其自豪之處。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thecompany’sprimaryfocusisoncreationsandthedevelopmentofhigh-performingChineseLLMs.(該公司的初始目標(biāo)在于創(chuàng)新研發(fā)高性能的中文大語言模型。)”可知，DeepSeek的初衷是開發(fā)高性能的中文大語言模型。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AlthoughDeepSeekhasmademajorprogress,observersseechallengesahead.Itsopen-sourceapproachmeanscompetitorscanimproveuponDeepSeek’smethods.Andthecompanywillabsolutelycontinuetostruggleinthefuturetopushtheboundaries(前沿)ofsoftwareandsystemscreationtostayinthegame.(盡管DeepSeek已取得重大進(jìn)展，但觀察人士認(rèn)為其仍面臨挑戰(zhàn)。開源策略意味著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手可以基于其技術(shù)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。未來，該公司勢(shì)必要持續(xù)突破軟件與系統(tǒng)研發(fā)的邊界，才能在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中保持優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”可知，觀察人士認(rèn)為DeepSeek未來將面臨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和技術(shù)突破的挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知，其未來是有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選D項(xiàng)。DIntoday’sfast-developingworld,wherestressandanxietyhavebecomeunwelcomeemotionsformany,thesearchfornaturalsolutionstothisissuehasledtothepopularityofstress-reliefteas.Thesedrinksofferamomentofpeaceduringthebusydailylife,providingamuch-neededrestforouroverworkedmindsandbodies.Stresshasbecomeaseriousproblem,withitsfar-reachingeffectsimpactingbothourbodyandmind.Fromsleeplessnightstoweakenedimmune(免疫的)systems,thecostofstresscanbeserious.Asideasoftheseconsequencesgrow,morepeopleareturningtonaturalsolutionstomanagetheirstresslevelsandpromoteoverallwell-being.Trystresslesstea,anaturalsolutionthathasbeengettingattentioninrecentyears.Thisspecialdrinkmixesthecomfortingprocessofteadrinkingwithcarefullychosenmaterialsknownfortheircalmingproperties(屬性),suchaschamomileandlavender(洋甘菊和薰衣草).Asthemarketforstress-reliefdrinkscontinuestobecomelarger,stresslessteahasbecomeafront-runner,offeringadeliciousandconvenientwaytofightthepressuresofmodernlife.Stresslessteaismorethanjustyouraveragecupoftea.It’samixtureofplants,flowers,andsometimesfruits,specificallychosenfortheirstress-reliefandemotion-improvingproperties.Unlikecommontea,whichtypicallycontainscaffeine(咖啡因)andmaycausefeelingsofanxietyinsomeindividuals,stresslessteaisoftencaffeine-freeanddesignedtopromoterelaxationandcalmness.There’sagrowingbodyofscientificresearchsupportingthestress-reliefpropertiesofmanymaterialscommonlyfoundinstresslesstea.Studieshavebeguntoexploretheeffectivenessofstress-reliefteas,withpromisingresults.A2016studypublishedinthejournalNutrientsfoundthatthosewhodrankchamomileteadailyforeightweeksexperiencedsignificantreductionsintermsofanxietylevelcomparedtothosewhodidn’t.Anotherstudy,publishedinPhytomedicinein2012,showedthatlavenderteadrinkingwasrelatedtoimprovedsleepqualityandreducedtirednessinwomen.12.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“consequences”inparagraph2?A.Drinks. B.Results. C.Systems. D.Functions.13.Whatcanweinferaboutstresslessteafromparagraph3?A.It’llreplacecommontea. B.Itfeaturesexpensivematerials.C.It’smostbeneficialtorunners. D.It’smoreandmorepopular.14.Howdoesparagraph4stresstheadvantagesofstresslesstea?A.Byobservation. B.Bycomparison.C.Bygivingreasons. D.Bymakingexperiments.15.Whyaretwostudiesmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tocallformoreresearchesonstresslesstea.B.Toshowvariousfunctionsofstresslesstea.C.Toconfirmthestress-reducingnatureofstresslesstea.D.Toencouragedoctorstousestresslessteaasacure.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了減壓茶通過天然成分幫助緩解現(xiàn)代生活壓力，其效果得到科學(xué)研究支持，正成為日益流行的健康選擇?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Stresshasbecomeaseriousproblem,withitsfar-reachingeffectsimpactingbothourbodyandmind.Fromsleeplessnightstoweakenedimmune(免疫的)systems,thecostofstresscanbeserious.(壓力已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，它對(duì)我們的身心都有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。從失眠到免疫系統(tǒng)減弱，壓力的代價(jià)可能是嚴(yán)重的。)”可知，此處先提到壓力的深遠(yuǎn)影響，再列舉失眠和免疫力下降等具體表現(xiàn)，說明畫線詞指壓力導(dǎo)致的負(fù)面“結(jié)果”，consequences與B項(xiàng)Results“后果，結(jié)果”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Trystresslesstea,anaturalsolutionthathasbeengettingattentioninrecentyears.(試試減壓茶吧，這是近年來備受關(guān)注的一種自然療法。)”和“Asthemarketforstress-reliefdrinkscontinuestobecomelarger,stresslessteahasbecomeafront-runner,offeringadeliciousandconvenientwaytofightthepressuresofmodernlife.(隨著減壓飲料市場(chǎng)的不斷擴(kuò)大，減壓茶成為了領(lǐng)先者，它提供了一種美味而方便的方式來對(duì)抗現(xiàn)代生活的壓力。)”可知，減壓茶備受關(guān)注，且市場(chǎng)持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。由此可知，它日益流行。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikecommontea,whichtypicallycontainscaffeine(咖啡因)andmaycausefeelingsofanxietyinsomeindividuals,stresslessteaisoftencaffeine-freeanddesignedtopromoterelaxationandcalmness.(普通茶通常含有咖啡因，可能會(huì)讓一些人感到焦慮，而減壓茶通常不含咖啡因，旨在促進(jìn)放松和平靜。)”可知，第四段通過對(duì)比普通茶與減壓茶，前者含咖啡因、可能引發(fā)焦慮，后者無咖啡因、助放松，來突出后者優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“There’sagrowingbodyofscientificresearchsupportingthestress-reliefpropertiesofmanymaterialscommonlyfoundinstresslesstea.(越來越多的科學(xué)研究支持在減壓茶中常見的許多物質(zhì)的減壓特性。)”和“A2016studypublishedinthejournalNutrientsfoundthatthosewhodrankchamomileteadailyforeightweeksexperiencedsignificantreductionsintermsofanxietylevelcomparedtothosewhodidn’t.Anotherstudy,publishedinPhytomedicinein2012,showedthatlavenderteadrinkingwasrelatedtoimprovedsleepqualityandreducedtirednessinwomen.(2016年發(fā)表在《營養(yǎng)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不喝洋甘菊茶的人相比，那些連續(xù)八周每天喝洋甘菊茶的人的焦慮水平顯著降低。2012年發(fā)表在《植物醫(yī)學(xué)》上的另一項(xiàng)研究表明，飲用薰衣草茶與改善女性睡眠質(zhì)量和減少疲勞有關(guān)。)”可知，最后一段引用洋甘菊降低焦慮和薰衣草改善睡眠的兩項(xiàng)研究，是為了支持段首的論斷，證實(shí)減壓茶的成分的確具有減壓特性。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’ssimpletogoforaswimwhenwetravel.Allthatweneedisaswimsuit,abodyboardorasurfboard.____16____Hereareafewthingstoconsiderbeforejumpingintothewater,tokeepyousafeinthesea.____17____Beforeyoujumpintothewater,findoutwhereyoucansafelyswim.That’seasyatabeachwithlifeguards.Onlyswimbetweentheredandyellowflags.Butmostbeachesarenotguardedbylifeguards.So,askalocalwheretoswim.Ifthere’snooneabout,beextracareful,onlyswimwhereyoucanstand.Learntofindandstaysafeinarip(離岸流).____18____Ifyougetcaughtinarip,staycalmanddon’ttrytoswimagainstit.Instead,float(漂浮)onyourback,gowiththeflow(水流)andcallforhelp.Anotherwaytogetoutofaripistoswimtowardsthebreakingwavesandletthewaveswashyousafelybacktothebank.Howtobodysurfsafely.Bodysurfingisthebestformofsurfing,butcanberiskyifthewavesaretoobig.____19____Tocatchawave,standinwaterthat’sjustoveryourknee.Justasthewavereachesyou,pushoffthebottomwithyourfeetandkeepatleastonearmoutinfrontofyoutoprotectyourselffromheadinjury.Howtobodyboardsafely.Thenextlevelup,insurfingterms,isbodyboarding.Bodyboardsaregenerallyeasierandsafertousethansurfboards.Youcanalsoridethembetweentheredandyellowflags.____20____A.Sostartwithsmallwaves.B.Doyourresearchonwheretoswim.C.Floatonyourbackandcloseyoureyes.D.Andyou’lllearnhowtoreadthewavesandfindrips.E.Itisrips,notsharks,thatarethenumberoneriskatbeaches.F.Justremembertoalwaysholdtheropesoyoudon’tloseyourbodyboard.G.Butweoftenswiminunfamiliarwaterwithnoknowledgeofpossiblerisks.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.A20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海邊游泳的安全注意事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】前文“It’ssimpletogoforaswimwhenwetravel.Allthatweneedisaswimsuit,abodyboardorasurfboard.(旅行時(shí)去游泳很簡(jiǎn)單，我們只需要準(zhǔn)備泳衣、趴板或沖浪板即可)”提到游泳裝備簡(jiǎn)單，后文“Hereareafewthingstoconsiderbeforejumpingintothewater,tokeepyousafeinthesea.(以下是下水前需要考慮的幾個(gè)事項(xiàng)，以確保你在海中的安全)”說明下水前需考慮安全事項(xiàng)，此處需轉(zhuǎn)折說明人們常忽視風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此G項(xiàng)“Butweoftenswiminunfamiliarwaterwithnoknowledgeofpossiblerisks.(但我們經(jīng)常在不熟悉的水域游泳，對(duì)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一無所知)”符合語境，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文。故選G?！?7題詳析】后文“Beforeyoujumpintothewater,findoutwhereyoucansafelyswim.That’seasyatabeachwithlifeguards.Onlyswimbetweentheredandyellowflags.Butmostbeachesarenotguardedbylifeguards.So,askalocalwheretoswim.(下水前，務(wù)必先確認(rèn)安全游泳區(qū)域。在有救生員的海灘很容易做到——只需在紅黃旗之間的區(qū)域游泳。但大多數(shù)海灘并沒有救生員值守，這時(shí)應(yīng)該詢問當(dāng)?shù)厝诉m合游泳的地點(diǎn))”詳細(xì)說明尋找安全游泳區(qū)域的方法，此處作為段落標(biāo)題，應(yīng)建議做好游泳地點(diǎn)的調(diào)查，因此B項(xiàng)“Doyourresearchonwheretoswim.(提前調(diào)研游泳地點(diǎn))”符合語境，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容。故選B?！?8題詳析】本段標(biāo)題是“Learntofindandstaysafeinarip(離岸流).(學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別離岸流并確保安全)”，后文“Ifyougetcaughtinarip,staycalmanddon’ttrytoswimagainstit.Instead,float(漂浮)onyourback,gowiththeflow(水流)andcallforhelp.Anotherwaytogetoutofaripistoswimtowardsthebreakingwavesandletthewaveswashyousafelybacktothebank.(若不慎被卷入離岸流，務(wù)必保持冷靜，切勿逆流掙扎。正確做法是：仰面漂浮隨波逐流并大聲呼救。另一種脫險(xiǎn)方式是朝碎浪區(qū)游去，讓海浪將你安全推回岸邊)”給出被困離岸流的兩種應(yīng)對(duì)措施，此處作為段首句，應(yīng)說明離岸流的危險(xiǎn)性，因此E項(xiàng)“Itisrips,notsharks,thatarethenumberoneriskatbeaches.(海灘頭號(hào)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是離岸流，而非鯊魚)”符合語境，呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題，引出后文。故選E?！?9題詳析】前文“Bodysurfingisthebestformofsurfing,butcanberiskyifthewavesaretoobig.(徒手沖浪是最純粹的沖浪方式，但遇到大浪時(shí)可能十分危險(xiǎn))”指出在大浪中徒手沖浪危險(xiǎn)，后文“Tocatchawave,standinwaterthat’sjustoveryourknee.(要抓住浪頭，請(qǐng)站在水深剛過膝蓋的位置)”給出抓住浪頭的方法，此處應(yīng)建議先嘗試小浪，因此A項(xiàng)“Sostartwithsmallwaves.(因此從小浪開始)”符合語境，和前文是因果關(guān)系，引出后文。故選A?！?0題詳析】前文“Bodyboardsaregenerallyeasierandsafertousethansurfboards.Youcanalsoridethembetweentheredandyellowflags.(一般來說，趴板比沖浪板更易上手且更安全，同樣可以在紅黃旗之間的安全區(qū)域使用)”主要聚焦沖浪的安全建議，此處作為段末句，應(yīng)補(bǔ)充關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)，因此F項(xiàng)“Justremembertoalwaysholdtheropesoyoudon’tloseyourbodyboard.(切記始終握住繩子以防丟失沖浪板)”符合語境，提醒握繩保持安全，承接前文。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Manykidsdreamofleavingtheirownhometojointhecircus(馬戲團(tuán)).However,forthethreecousinsCassiusWest,ShakiraWestandTaliraWest-Smith,thecircushasalwaysbeentheir____21____.Theteenagecousinshavespenttheir____22____yearsunderthetentaspartofStardustCircus,performingonthestagetimeandtimeagainto____23____audiencestogetherwiththeirparents.Forthe____24____one-year-old,learningtowalkisimportant,whilefortheWestchildren,learningtodoacrobatics(雜技動(dòng)作)was____25____important.Theylearnedto____26____ontheiruncle’shandsaspartoftheskilltraining.Twentyyearshavepassedquickly,andthethreeare____27____performers,makingupthecentralpartofthefamily-runcircusof40people.TheytravelaroundAustraliaandpleaseaudienceswiththeir____28____performances.Allthechildrenarehomeschooledthroughdistanceeducation,____29____smallamountsoftimeintheirbusylifeto______30______lessonsbetweenpracticeandperformance.However,whiletheirschedulemightsoundexcitingtonon-circusstudents,there’salossfortheWests:______31______schoolholidaysfortheirstressfulworking______32______ofvariousperformances.Growingupwiththe______33______astheirplayground,theymadethebigtenttheirown.Theydon’thavethesame______34______experiencesasotherkids,likegoingtoschooleventsorhavingaweekendoff.Butthey______35______whattheydoandvaluetheuniqueconnectiontheircircuslifehasgiventhem.21.A.destination B.chance C.home D.memory22.A.growing B.major C.surprising D.difficult23.A.interview B.support C.value D.please24.A.special B.average C.disabled D.bright25.A.hardly B.equally C.generally D.briefly26.A.compete B.dance C.struggle D.balance27.A.junior B.encouraged C.experienced D.lonely28.A.breathtaking B.meaningful C.normal D.personal29.A.showing B.killing C.cutting D.finding30.A.take B.prepare C.quit D.exchange31.A.focusingon B.stickingto C.givingup D.searchingfor32.A.condition B.schedule C.group D.culture33.A.city B.park C.school D.circus34.A.adventure B.stage C.childhood D.performance35.A.love B.need C.miss D.imagine【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.A31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬戲團(tuán)長(zhǎng)大的韋斯特家表兄妹以帳篷為家，在訓(xùn)練與巡演中成長(zhǎng)為專業(yè)表演者，雖失去普通孩子的校園生活，卻深愛著馬戲團(tuán)賦予他們的獨(dú)特人生?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但對(duì)于表兄妹卡修斯·韋斯特、莎奇拉·韋斯特和塔莉拉·韋斯特-史密斯來說，馬戲團(tuán)從來就是他們的家。A.destination目的地；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.home家；D.memory記憶。根據(jù)上文“Manykidsdreamofleavingtheirownhometojointhecircus(馬戲團(tuán)).”和句首表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“However”可知，表兄妹三人的情況與這些孩子的不同，馬戲團(tuán)就是他們的家。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這三個(gè)青少年作為星光馬戲團(tuán)的成員，在帳篷里度過了成長(zhǎng)歲月，與父母一起在舞臺(tái)上反復(fù)表演，為觀眾帶來歡樂。A.growing成長(zhǎng)的；B.major主要的；C.surprising令人驚訝的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)下文“Allthechildrenarehomeschooledthroughdistanceeducation,________smallamountsoftimeintheirbusylifeto________lessonsbetweenpracticeandperformance.”可知，表兄妹三人一直在馬戲團(tuán)訓(xùn)練和表演，同時(shí)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，因此是在帳篷里度過了成長(zhǎng)歲月。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這三個(gè)青少年作為星光馬戲團(tuán)的成員，在帳篷里度過了成長(zhǎng)歲月，與父母一起在舞臺(tái)上反復(fù)表演，為觀眾帶來歡樂。A.interview采訪；B.support支持；C.value重視；D.please（使）開心。根據(jù)上文“performingonthestagetimeandtimeagain”可知，他們?cè)谖枧_(tái)上反復(fù)表演，是為了給馬戲團(tuán)的觀眾帶來歡樂。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于普通的一歲孩子來說，學(xué)習(xí)走路很重要，而對(duì)于韋斯特家的孩子來說，學(xué)習(xí)雜技同樣重要。A.special特別的；B.average普通的；C.disabled殘疾的；D.bright明亮的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)earningtowalkisimportant”可知，學(xué)習(xí)走路很重要這一事實(shí)是就普通的一歲孩子而言的。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于普通的一歲孩子來說，學(xué)習(xí)走路很重要，而對(duì)于韋斯特家的孩子來說，學(xué)習(xí)雜技同樣重要。A.hardly幾乎不；B.equally同樣地；C.generally通常；D.briefly簡(jiǎn)要地。根據(jù)上文“whilefortheWestchildren”可知，此處是把韋斯特家的孩子和其他的一歲孩子進(jìn)行比較，說明對(duì)表兄妹三人而言，學(xué)習(xí)雜技同樣重要。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?cè)谑迨迨终粕暇毩?xí)平衡，這是基本功訓(xùn)練的一部分。A.compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；B.dance跳舞；C.struggle掙扎；D.balance保持平衡。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)earningtodoacrobatics(雜技動(dòng)作)”可知，表兄妹三人需在叔叔手掌上練習(xí)平衡。故選D。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：二十年光陰飛逝，如今三人已成為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的表演者，組成了這個(gè)40人家庭馬戲團(tuán)的核心陣容。A.junior初級(jí)的；B.encouraged受鼓舞的；C.experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)下文“makingupthecentralpartofthefamily-runcircusof40people”可知，表兄妹三人組成了這個(gè)40人家庭馬戲團(tuán)的核心陣容，因此是成為了經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的表演者。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們巡演澳大利亞各地，用驚人的表演愉悅觀眾。A.breathtaking驚人的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.normal正常的；D.personal個(gè)人的。根據(jù)上文“makingupthecentralpartofthefamily-runcircusof40people”可知，表兄妹三人組成了這個(gè)40人家庭馬戲團(tuán)的核心陣容，因此他們的表演應(yīng)該是驚人的。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所有孩子都通過遠(yuǎn)程教育在家學(xué)習(xí)，在訓(xùn)練與演出間隙從忙碌生活中找出零碎時(shí)間上課。A.showing展示；B.killing殺死；C.cutting切割；D.finding找到。根據(jù)上文“Allthechildrenarehomeschooledthroughdistanceeducation”可知，表兄妹三人接受遠(yuǎn)程教育，因此是從忙碌生活中找出零碎時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所有孩子都通過遠(yuǎn)程教育在家學(xué)習(xí)，在訓(xùn)練與演出間隙從忙碌生活中找出零碎時(shí)間上課。A.take拿；B.prepare準(zhǔn)備；C.quit放棄；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)上文“Allthechildrenarehomeschooledthroughdistanceeducation”和下文“l(fā)essonsbetweenpracticeandperformance”可知，表兄妹三人都通過遠(yuǎn)程教育在家學(xué)習(xí)，需要在訓(xùn)練與演出間隙上課，短語takelessons意為“上課”。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：不過，這種在普通學(xué)生聽來刺激的日程安排，對(duì)于韋斯特家孩子們來說是一種損失：為了各種演出的緊張工作日程而放棄學(xué)校假期。A.focusingon專注于；B.stickingto堅(jiān)持；C.givingup放棄；D.searchingfor尋找。根據(jù)下文“Theydon’thavethesame________experiencesasotherkids,likegoingtoschooleventsorhavingaweekendoff.”可知，表兄妹三人沒有體驗(yàn)過學(xué)校活動(dòng)或周末休息，因此是放棄學(xué)校假期。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不過，這種在普通學(xué)生聽來刺激的日程安排，對(duì)于韋斯特家孩子們來說是一種損失：為了各種演出的緊張工作日程而放棄學(xué)校假期。A.condition條件；B.schedule日程表；C.group小組；D.culture文化。根據(jù)下文“ofvariousperformances”可知，表兄妹三人有著各種演出的緊張工作日程。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：以馬戲團(tuán)為游樂場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大的他們，把巨型帳篷變成了自己的天地。A.city城市；B.park公園；C.school學(xué)校；D.circus馬戲團(tuán)。根據(jù)上文“Theteenagecousinshavespenttheir________yearsunderthetentaspartofSt