2014年在高考試卷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用

1、,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別,動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞 動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞 其它情況,一、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞,從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，兩者不同之處有：動(dòng)名詞前可用介詞，它還可以被名詞所有格（或代詞）修飾；不定式前通常不用介詞，更不能被名詞所有格（或代詞）修飾。 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，有下列各點(diǎn)值得注意：,1、作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在表示比較抽象的一般行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞；在表示具體的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。,Smoking is not allowed here. (表習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好、或抽象的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常做的事情。) To smoke so much is n

2、ot good for you. (表具體的、一次性動(dòng)作、要做的事情。) Their job is building houses. (抽象、經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作) Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具體、要做的動(dòng)作),2、作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),1)動(dòng)名詞可作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ) 2)動(dòng)詞不定式一般作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)詞to do 可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。,They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in

3、such hot weather. Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.,1)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別不大，這樣的動(dòng)詞有： like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, propose, deserve, need, cant bear, 等。,Do you like playing (to play) chess? When did you begin learning (to learn) Eng

4、lish? Your suit needs ironing ( to be ironed).,注意,【1】在like ,hate, prefer 等動(dòng)詞之后，如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；如指特定的或某次行動(dòng)，則用不定式更多一些。,I like reading books of this kind, but I dont like to read that book. She prefer walking to cycling. I prefer to stay at home today.,注意,【2】在begin, start, cease后，如果表示有意識(shí)地開(kāi)始（停止）做某事，多用

5、動(dòng)名詞；如果動(dòng)作自動(dòng)或突然開(kāi)始（停止），則多用不定式。,He began talking about his plan for summer holiday. Suddenly it began to rain. We started working on the program in 2001. The factory has ceased making motorcycles. After that she ceased to worry about her daughter.,2)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時(shí)差別很大，這樣的動(dòng)詞有： remember, forget, regret

6、, stop, mean, try, 等。 remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。 mean doing 意思是；意味著 mean to do 意欲，打算要做 stop to do 停下來(lái)要做 stop doing 停止正在做的動(dòng)作 try doing 試著做 try to do sth. 試圖做,3) 在動(dòng)詞want , require, need, 等后 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用人作主語(yǔ)； 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（=to be done)，用物作主語(yǔ)。,Someo

7、ne needs to see you , sir. The wall needs repairing(= to be repaired). I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(= to be cut).,4)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾名詞的用途，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常常放在所修飾名詞之后。,We have various kinds of clothes for you to choose from. His attempt to solve the difficult prob

8、lem failed again. These passages may be used as listening materials. Mr Wang suffers from insomnia, he has to take a sleeping tablets before going to bed.,二、動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞,一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表主動(dòng)、將來(lái)； 現(xiàn)在分詞 表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行； 過(guò)去分詞 表被動(dòng)、完成。,一、動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別,在see, hear, notice等感官動(dòng)詞和have等使役動(dòng)詞之后，既可用分詞也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。區(qū)別是：1)作現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在

9、進(jìn)行發(fā)生，其含義相當(dāng)于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；2）用不定式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束；3）用過(guò)去分詞表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,I saw him go upstairs. （動(dòng)作全過(guò)程） I saw him going upstairs. （動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） Dont have me waiting for you outside ? I wont. I just have my hair cut.,三、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞,動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞同形（v-ing），但是，兩者有各自的語(yǔ)法名稱和作用： 1）當(dāng)v-ing形式在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被稱為動(dòng)名詞。 2）當(dāng)v-ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

10、、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。 可見(jiàn)，二者都可以作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。,（一）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,1、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的特征或?qū)傩裕?2、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、功能等。,The news is exciting. (現(xiàn)在分詞表特征） Her work is nursing children. （動(dòng)名詞表內(nèi)容） Her favorite job is teaching English.動(dòng)名詞表內(nèi)容） The story sounds interesting. (現(xiàn)在分詞表特征）,（二）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,1、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾名詞的作用、用途等，常常放在所修飾名詞之前； 2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示

11、它所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，被修飾名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，說(shuō)明所修飾的詞、所代表的人或物所做的動(dòng)作或特征；單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，位于所修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞之后。,1.flying fish = fish which can fly 飛魚(yú) （現(xiàn)在分詞） 2.flying suit = suit for flying 飛行衣 （動(dòng)名詞）,四、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞,兩者之間的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)上： （1）在時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 （2）在語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。 總之，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行； 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。 在

12、句法功能上它們都可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)，它們的具體區(qū)別如下：,1、作定語(yǔ)時(shí),1、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作, 或現(xiàn)在 (或當(dāng)時(shí)) 的狀態(tài)； 2、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。,The meeting held last week is very important. Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. I ha

13、te to see letters written in pencil.,2、作表語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到”.常見(jiàn)的分詞有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied /

14、satisfying, amused / amusing,The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.,3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，它所表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行； 過(guò)去分詞與句子的賓語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，它所表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。,I found them painting the windows. （現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行） I found the windows painted. （過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成）,五、其它區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式（being done）強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行中； 過(guò)去分詞表示某一（被動(dòng)）