八年級英語上期末知識點歸納

1、湘教版初二英語（八年級）上冊期末知識點歸納第一部分 單元短語與句型Unit 1I saw you play basketball almost every day.通常Hey, look! Can you see Michael dancing in the zoo? 正在進(jìn)行Listen, someone is singing in the next room.正在進(jìn)行Look, a car is driving towards us. 正在進(jìn)行Would you like to come and cheer us on?=Do you want to come and cheer us o

2、n?I hope our team will win. win first place得第一名, win gold medals 獲得金牌play it pretty well,pretty/very cold/small/big很，相當(dāng), play it more quietly/loudlydo well in = be good at+sth/doing sth擅長做某事（反義）do badly in, Do you row much（經(jīng)常）? Yes, quite a bit./No, seldom.make ones bed整理床鋪，have a fight, keep trying

3、 say sorry to sb對某人說對不起，I am sorry to hear that. I am sorry about that.I am sorry for what I said.(原因)I am sorry for breaking you cup=I am sorry I broke your cup. Never mind=It doesnt matter.be angry with sb. Dont be angry with me. She is angry with her mother.start to do sth/doing sth=begin to do s

4、th/begin doing sth開始做某事He speak so loudly that we can hear him clearly.以至于He ran so fast that he won the game. throw/put sth into sth else把某東西放進(jìn)另外的東西里面obey/follow the trafficrules反義break the rulesFollow me 跟我來 Can you follow me?=understandhave fun doing sth從做某事中得到樂趣 make fun of sb取笑某人build me up/ bu

5、ild ourselves up=make me/us strongtry/do ones best盡最大的努力，try to do sth試圖做某事， manage to do sth設(shè)法做某事make friends with sb, during the sports meet 在校運會期間be ready for+n. I am ready for the exam.我準(zhǔn)備好考試了。be ready to do sth She is always ready to help others. 她總是樂于助人。Our school will hold a sport meet next w

6、eek.= There will be a sports meet in our school next week.pass the exam通過考試, pass/cross the finishing line越過終點線take/do exercise=do sportsin the 29th Beijing Olympic Games=in the 2008 Olympics The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.The Olympic rings stand for the Olympic Games.the flag o

7、f China， the Chinese flagThe motto of the Olympic Games is “Faster, higher, stronger.”Unit2Whats wrong with you?=Whats the matter with you? Whats up?Do you have a cold?get/have a fever/a cough/ a cold/a sore throat/a toothache/a backache/a stomachacheI have a headache=I have a pain in my head. have

8、sore eyes/the flulook pale/tired, feel terrible, take some medicine藥/pills藥片，get/be well I dont feel like eating. I cough day and night. check/look it over=examine it檢查它How are you feeling today? Much better/ Just so-so/Not too bad/ Too bad.Dont move your leg too much. You shouldnt eat too much food

9、. There are too many things to do(太多事要做). Its too big. Its much too big.fall-have an accident and hurt-call a taxi/taketo the hospital-stay in bed-get well-return homeBut my left leg still hurts when I move it. cause cancer導(dǎo)致癌癥the possible causes原因/reasons理由 of headaches可能導(dǎo)致/引起頭痛的原因/理由Germs can get

10、into the human body through the skin, the nose and the mouth. Be sick/ill=have an illness/a sickness/a diseaseWhat should we do to fight germs?不定式表目的“來” We shouldnt eat bad food or sour milk(否定并列用or). We should wash hands before meals and keep fingernails short.(肯定用and) We mustnt spit in public. We

11、must keep our bodies clean.have the right kinds of food, choose the wrong food, choose to give up選擇放棄 eat more fruit and less meatWe can learn English in different ways=There are many ways for us to learn English. FirstlySecondlyThirdlyFinally，finally=at last= in the end最后take your advice接受你的建議. How

12、 much is it? Its 40. Fine, I will take it= buy it. What should we do to fight SARS? We must eat healthy food. Must we do more exercise? Yes,you must. /否定回答No, you neednt. Its my duty to save patients=My duty is to save patients. on the phone/radio/Internet, on TV(通過)使用某機(jī)器Unit 3Nice/Glad/Happy/Please

13、d to see you. learn a lot about famous people from the stamps=learn a lot from the stamps about famous people從郵票可以了解很多有關(guān)于名人（的事跡）be of+抽象名詞=be +對應(yīng)的形容詞in ones spare time=in ones free time= when sb. is free=when sb. have timeread a book/read books go out/eat out出去/下館子do some indoor/outdoor activities做些

14、室內(nèi)/戶外活動give/bring sb. happiness/sadness/good luck keep/make sb happy/ sad /clean/share my interests. I want to share an apple with you.Do you want to share a story with us? draw/piant picturesThe teacher is giving an English lesson while the students are having/taking the English lesson.give a conce

15、rt開演唱會 in a theater, at a concert, in a cinema,be angry with sbWhat time is it going to start? Who is going to sing?It sounds beautiful/pleasant/wonderful/sweet.Classical music is serious music. Popular music often comes and goes quickly. Folk music is simple but special.form a band/a company, set u

16、p/found a band成立、組樂隊，find找-found過去式all over the world=in the world=around the world全世界They are very popular among young people.他們在人們中很流行。SARS spreads easily among people/children. 非典在人群中容易傳播。make sb do sth. I made faces and made my classmates laugh when Miss Wang was giving a lesson. on that day， ma

17、ke Saturday a holiday, make sb. happyin the 1950s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代（the不可以少）, stop working停止工作Unit 4talk about life in the city, the beauties of nature自然美control the climate調(diào)節(jié)氣候In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also green trees and clearer rivers. life in the city/ coun

18、tryside/ the suburbs，We need them so much. 我們?nèi)绱说匦枰鼈?。很thousands of people成千上萬的人(約數(shù)) 類似詞有hundred, million(百萬), score（二十）, dozen（一打，十二）one/two/three thousand and fifty people 一/兩/三千零五十人（準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字）Humans need water to drink, to cook and to clean.(不定式表目的“來”)Actually/In fact事實上, we need money to use.Without m

19、oney, we cant live. Save water/money節(jié)約， save ones life, save the patients 救病人feed/live on sth. 以。為食in/out of danger處于危險中/脫離危險， in/out of trouble遇上麻煩/擺脫困境people/animals in danger處于危險中的人/動物，dangerous people/animals危險的人/動物We use knives for cutting things(for介詞加ing).=We use knives to cut things(to為不定式).

20、 pay attention to sb./sth.注意。begin with 以。開頭 give it a try=have a trythe first letter of the wordfind pleasure in doing sth從做某事中找到樂趣 類似have fun (in)doing sthas we know 眾所周知， 大家都知道， such as例如, build as 建樓房當(dāng)作, regardas把。當(dāng)作，但mistakefor把。誤認(rèn)為one of the oldest countries（復(fù)數(shù)）the ancient world/times古時候的世界，遠(yuǎn)古

21、時代be made up of 由組成第二部分 主要語法分析和例子1. 一般將來時be going to/will+動詞原形（包括be）We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three this Sunday.將來時What are you going to be when you grow up? What do you want to be in the future?Im going to be a dancer.I want to be a dancer.There be 的將來時There is going to b

22、e/There will be, 過去式There was/were, There used to be過去常常, 現(xiàn)在時There is/are2. used to do sth肯定used to do sth過去習(xí)慣/常常做某事否定 used not to do/ didnt use to do sth 疑問句Did use to do?What hobbies did you use to have? I used to go roller skating.What hobbies do you have now? Well, I play the guitar.Where did yo

23、u use to go swimming? I used to swim in a small pond. She used to enjoy listening to music, but now she doesnt like it. She prefers to sing. I used to be a student. But now I am an office worker.I didnt use to play sports, but now I like it. 3. 過去進(jìn)行時：時間狀語at this time yesterday， from 7:00 to 9:00 yes

24、terday evening過去某個時間段正What were you doing at this time yesterday?I was taking a shower/bath.What was Michael doing from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening?He was reading.4. 一般情況下，when+一般現(xiàn)在時/過去時，while+現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時The telephone rings while Jane is practising the violin.=When the telephone rings, Jane is pract

25、ising the violin.(while后接持續(xù)性動作，When接短暫性動作, 響鈴只是瞬間的動作。)What was the mouse doing when the cat knocked at the door?What was the cat doing when the mouse came out of the bathroom?What was the mouse doing when the cat found him?What were they doing when the sky was high?Father was still sleeping when I g

26、ot up yesterday morning. While she was trying to call for help, he woke up.Were you playing on the computer?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt.plan, want, hope, believe都沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，think做“認(rèn)為”解時也沒有進(jìn)行時，做“思考”解時有進(jìn)行時5. 動名詞短語表單件事情做主語，已經(jīng)名詞化相當(dāng)于名詞，不是動作，謂語用單數(shù)：Getting up early is good for us. Going to bed late is bad for our

27、health.Playing sports right after meals is bad for our health.Breakfast gives you energy for the morning. Water is necessary for our health. 不只一件事情做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)：Healthy eating haits and running are good for us. Water and rice are necessary for our health.6使用動名詞做賓語的動詞practice/mind/enjoy/love/keep+doing s

28、th/sth,使用動詞不定式做賓語的動詞start/begin/like/prefer/hate/continue+to do/doing sth/sthask/want/would like/teach/encourage/order sb. to do sth請求/想/教/鼓勵某人做某事I want /would like to drink a cup of coffee. I want/would like to be a scientist/musician/doctor/teacher/an artist. 最喜歡My favorite hobby is reading novels

29、. I like reading novels best.比較喜歡I prefer singing to dancing. I like to sing better than to dance.有些喜歡I like reading a little. Fishing is very interesting. I am interested in reading. I love reading. I am fond of climbing the mountains. 不喜歡I dont like listening to music. I dislike listening to music

30、.討厭I dont like rock music at all. I dont like listening to rock music. I hate classical music/I hate listening to classical music/I hate to listen to classical music. 7. 形容詞1.名詞前用形容詞做定語a good boy, a beautiful girl2.連系動詞后接形容詞feel/be/get tired感覺累，feel well, look fit/nice/handsome1）變得grow/become/turn/g

31、et2）be動詞：am/is/are, was/were, will be3）感官動詞sound, look, feel, taste3.不定代詞something, nothing, anything 等后面的形容詞做后置定語。Its nothing serious. I have something important to tell you.There is something new in the newspaper.There is nothing special in this dress.Is there anything wrong with your computer?The

32、re is something wrong with my computer.Something is wrong with your computer. My computer doesnt work. 比較級的常用句式A+ be +形容詞比較級+than +B.(A與B 必須是同類事物，相對稱)， 但有時be動詞會變成其他連系動詞做表語It sounds more beautiful，或者有時是have之后的形容詞修飾名詞做定語She has more money than me， 有時形容詞修飾名詞也位于句首A bigger car came一輛更大的車開過來了， 有時是I still

33、have something more interesting to tell you next time?？傊苡眯稳菰~的地方都能用其比較級和最高級，只是意思更進(jìn)一級。The weather in the south is warmer than that in the north。（that指天氣）The life in the countryside is quieter than that in the city. （that指生活）many/much 的比較級更多more food,但是 more interestingpopular中的more+多音節(jié)形容詞原級是構(gòu)成比較級的形式，

34、more本身不是many 或者much 的比較級。使用的時候不能用more+另一個形容詞的比較級。few 的比較級fewer接可數(shù)名詞, fewer books， little的比較級接不可數(shù)名詞less and less land, less moneymost 只能用與多音節(jié)形容詞原級前，如the most wonderful/beautiful/popularmuch more interesting/important更有趣/重要；a little colder/warmer比較冷/暖一點多于，超過：more than =over, over/ more than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可

35、數(shù)名詞少于 less than +不可數(shù)名詞， fewer than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)越來越more and more popular, bigger and bigger，higher and higher8.反意疑問句 句式：1前肯，后否？2。前否，后肯？（順序為“前主后謂，后謂前主？”）反意部分不能有名詞當(dāng)主語，只能用代詞指代。幾種特殊的：1.must當(dāng)做“必須”解時，疑問部分用mustnt +代詞？must當(dāng)做“必要”解時，疑問部分用neednt +代詞？must當(dāng)做猜測，“想必”解時，疑問部分用isnt +代詞？He must be tired, isnt he?2.陳述部分有few,

36、 little, no, not等表否定的詞語,疑問部分用肯定.3.祈使句，疑問部分用will you?Let us 也用will you? 但是Lets, shall we?I am your friend, arent I?（不能有arent you）I dont think he can swim, can he?(主句是think，疑問部分用臨近句子的主謂)There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Jim lived in London, didnt he? lived的否定形式Jim didnt live in London,There is n

37、obody in the room, is there? nobody 是否定Everyone is here today, arent they?9.介意句型Would you mind helping me ?你介意幫我個忙嗎？Would you mind not opening the window?你介意/可不可以不要開窗？Would you mind my opening the window/me smoking here?我開窗戶可以嗎？你介意我開窗戶嗎？回答如果允許，表示不介意，那么就用Of course not/Certainly not/ Not at all. 不允許，介

38、意,Sorry, youd better not/ youd better ask somebody else/smoke somewhere else.miss a chance/ a goal/the bus錯過機(jī)會/球門/班車10.詢問觀點What do you think of the movie?How do you like the movie?表達(dá)見解I think its interesting and exciting.同意I agree with you/I think so/I have the same feeling. 不同意I dont agree with you

39、/ I disagree with you/I dont think so/Im afraid not.I think its boring.Which kind of animal do you like better, the panda or the dog.I like the dog better because it is more lovely.Which animal do you like best, monkeys, tigers or the lions?I like monkeys best of all. Which sport do you prefer?=Whic

40、h sport do you like better?Whats your favorite sport? =What sport do you like best?My favorite sport is soccer.Whos your favorite player?My favorite sport is Yaoming.What do you usually do in your spare time?What kind of music do you like best?確定Im quite sure there are UFOs. 不確定Even scientists arent

41、 sure whether/if there are UFOs 11.電話用語call/phone sb=ring sb. up, make a phone call, phone ones home/officecall me back回電話給我， extension 分機(jī)This is speaking.這邊是。Whos this/that?那邊是誰？May I speak to ?我能跟某某人通話嗎？Im sorry she is not in/she is out/ she is not here.She is busy now. Wait a moment/ Just a momen

42、t/ Hold on/Hold the line.稍等May I take a message for you?你能幫我捎個口信嗎？give him the message=give the message to him給他口信Can you leave a message? 你能留言嗎？=.I will take a message for you.What shall I take with me? Youd better take an umbrella with you.When and where shall we meet? Lets meet at the school gate

43、 at 6:30 tomorrow morning.Shall we meet at the bus station? See you later/soon. See you.12.感嘆句How exciting the concert was! What an exciting concert is!How tall the boy is! What a tall boy he is! How popular his songs are!13.以how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句How tall is he? =Whats his height?He is 2.26 meters tall.How o

44、ften do you go to the English corner? Twice a week.How much is the dress? Its 50 yuan.How far is it from here to the park? Its about two kilometers away. You need to take a bus.How long is the bridge? Its 300 meters long.How long will you stay in Beijing? For two weeks.How many sheep/apples are ther

45、e? There are fifty.have a good time=enjoy oneself14.表示建議，請求許可Why not go shopping tomorrow?Lets go shopping tomorrow.Shall we go shopping tomorrow?How about going shopping tomorrow?Youd better stay in bed/go to see a doctor.Youd better not go to school today.You should drink lots of boiled water./You

46、 shouldnt watch TV so long.祈使句否定Dont move your leg too much. 肯定Stay in bed and have a good rest.15可以接反身代詞做賓語的動詞：hurt/enjoy/wash/teach/help oneself, build oneself up. 可接反身代詞做賓語的介詞by oneself(由)，take care of oneself, look after oneself16.名詞所有格womens table tennis, boys 100-meter race,Chinas national tea

47、m17. show, say, know, believe, tell后面接一個從句（主謂，主前謂后）或不定式作賓語。I think you will enjoy them.I think they are just so-so.He thinks it sounds wonderful.He thinks playing the drums is exciting.He says violin music is his favorite. The article says smoking is bad for our health.Can you tell me where the bus

48、station is? I believe you will win next time.Do you know who is the most popular singer? The X-ray shows its nothing serious.第三部分詞語辨析1.參加take part in/be in/ join in+活動 參加活動 take part in the long jumpjoin the school rowing club加入組織be/play for/against sth支持/反對某人/某事效力They both play for the Houston Rock

49、ets in the NBA. 反義詞play againt對陣2.花費人+spend some time/money on sth/in doing sth花費時間或者金錢在某事上/做某事人+pay some money for sth物+cost/ take help sb (to) do something=do sb. a favor=give sb a hand3.到達(dá)reach/ get to/arrive in/at+地點， in為大地點，in Beijing, at為小地點 at home4.著名be famous for China is famous for the Gre

50、at Wall. 因。而聞名be famous as Chongqing is famous as the Moutain City.稱之為，美譽(yù)5.like動詞喜歡feel like doing sth 喜歡做某事like介詞像look like看起來像 sound like聽起來像 smell like聞起來像, taste like嘗起來像.6.看look look up a word in a dictionary查單詞look like看起來像, look at看一看, look for尋找, look over檢查, look after7.借I can lend you some

51、 tapes of her songs. 主語借出We often borrow books from the library.主語借進(jìn)Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行車嗎？=Can you lend me your bike?=Can you lend your bike to me? 你可以借你的車給我嗎？8.照顧動詞care for the patients 照顧病人，名詞take care of sb/oneself, 形容詞Be careful當(dāng)心（反）careless9. 猜測Collecting stamps must be great fun. 收集郵票想必很有