英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 高中定語(yǔ)從句

1、第四講 定語(yǔ)從句(二),一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,三個(gè)基本的關(guān)系副詞,【特別提醒】,when, where既能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，也能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而why通常引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。,That is the day when he got married. That is the time when all of us lived together as a family. That is the factory where I used to work. That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago. That is

2、 the reason why he was fired.,【用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空】,表示原因的先行詞一般只有reason一個(gè)。,表示時(shí)間的先行詞除了time之外，還有：day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等；,表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞除了place之外，還可以是desk, table, spot, room, house, school, street, town, country等。,【名師指津】,Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day wit

3、h my kids. 【2008山東高考】 A. who B. which C. why D. when,【典題例證】,Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. （08北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where,【典題例證】,Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (07全國(guó)I) A. then B. there C. while

4、D. where,【典題例證】,1.關(guān)系副詞使用的幾種變化,（1）關(guān)系副詞通常也可以用“that+介詞后置”代替或省略； （2）在正式文體中，也可以使用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。,That is the river where I used to swim. (關(guān)系副詞) That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介詞后置) That is the river I used to swim in. (省略) That is the river in which I used to swim. (介詞+which),【名師指津】,2.【介

5、詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞選擇問(wèn)題】,I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student. There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.,（1）I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud. （2）Here is some money with which you can buy some books.,（3）Th

6、ere was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help. (固定短語(yǔ)turn to sb. 向某人求助) （4）The play in which I played an important role was a great success. (to play a role in the play就不是固定短語(yǔ)。),Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. 【 2009陜西高考】 A. of which B. with which C. abou

7、t which D. into which,I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 【2009浙江高考】 A. which B. where C. how D. why,Life is like a long race_we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 【2009重慶高考】 A. why B. what C. that D. where,Shell never forget her stay there _ she f

8、ound her son who had gone missing two years before. 【2009四川高考】 A. that B. which C. where D. when,二、限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,Tom is the only student who has been admitted to Harvard in my class. 湯姆是我們班唯一一個(gè)已經(jīng)被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生。,The principal, who was seated on my right, delivered an exciting speech. 校長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了一個(gè)令人振奮的演講，當(dāng)時(shí)

9、他就坐在我右邊。,【限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的意義區(qū)別】,The old man has two sons who serve in the army. 老人有兩個(gè)當(dāng)兵的兒子。 The old man has two sons, who serve in the army. 老人有兩個(gè)兒子，都當(dāng)兵。,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以像一個(gè)并列句，例如： He has a walk after dinner every evening, which is good for his health. = He has a walk after dinner every evening, and this i

10、s good for his health. He likes reading books, which I am delighted to hear. = He likes reading books and I am delighted to hear that.,非限定性定語(yǔ)從句還可以從意義上像一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等。例如： The new engineer, who has read the instructions, failed in the project.,【歸納總結(jié)】,【非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的問(wèn)題】,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，除了關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why

11、，其他定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。例如： His speech, which inspired everyone, was well received. A student, who was admitted to an ordinary university, was greatly disappointed. The cinema, whose roof was damaged in the storm, will be brought down. They will fly to New York next Friday, where they have planned

12、to stay for a few weeks. You can come next weekend, when the books will be ready for you.,as和which在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的相同點(diǎn)和區(qū)別： (1)相同點(diǎn)：as和which都可以指代整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly what we wanted. 這次會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。,as、which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,(2)不同點(diǎn)：as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主從句沒(méi)有前后邏輯關(guān)系，常表示“正如”；

13、而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句后，主從句常有一定的因果關(guān)系或前后順序，常表示“這一點(diǎn)”，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。,Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 As everyone knows，all that glitters is not gold. =All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold. =All that glitters is not gold， as everyone knows. 眾所周知，并

14、不是所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子。,三、定語(yǔ)從句使用的注意事項(xiàng),【1. 分析成分的能力和意識(shí)】,Mr. Goodman has to be away on business on Feb. 8th, _ happens to be his wifes birthday. A. which B. when C. that D. on which,Last Sunday, we visited the Lincoln Memorial,_,of course, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. which B. where C.

15、that D. it,(1)如果空白后面緊跟著動(dòng)詞的，明顯缺少的是主語(yǔ)。,(2) 及物動(dòng)詞后必然有賓語(yǔ)，即如果及物動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，先行詞就是作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。,The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 【2008江蘇高考】 A. which B. what C. that D. where,(3) 不及物動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，在不缺少主語(yǔ)的情況下，先行詞則通常作狀語(yǔ)等成分。,- Is that the small town you of

16、ten refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what,(4)介詞后面通常要跟賓語(yǔ)，如果介詞后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，則先行詞通常作這個(gè)介詞的賓語(yǔ)。,-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on Awhy Bwhere Chow D/,【并列連詞的陷阱】,Tom has two brothers, both of whom

17、love sports. Tom has two brothers and both of them love sports.,簡(jiǎn)單的并列連詞：and, but, so, or, yet,【way意為“方式，方法”，作先行詞時(shí)的關(guān)系詞的選擇問(wèn)題】,（1）用“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如： I dont like the way in which you speak to your mother. （2）用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；例如： I dont like the way that you speak to your mother. （3）省略關(guān)系詞；例如： I dont like the way you speak to your mother.,【介詞+關(guān)系副詞的問(wèn)題】,Look over there! some people are standing on the top of the building, _ you can enjoy the view of the whole city. A. where B. from which