新概念第二冊第四單元第77課

1、.,Lesson 77,A Successful Operation,.,mummy n. 木乃伊；媽媽 一具古埃及木乃伊正在博物館展覽。 An ancient Egyptian mummy is on exhibition in the museum. Egyptian adj. 埃及的 Egypt n.埃及,.,temple n. 廟 After the great Pyramids and the large Sphinx (獅身人面像), the temple of Abu Simbel presents the most familiar image of ancient Egypt

2、 to the modern traveller. 阿布辛波古廟：尼羅河畔悠遠歷史和現(xiàn)代文明的見證。,.,mark n.斑點；分?jǐn)?shù)；v. 標(biāo)記,EE:a small area on the surface of something which is damaged, dirty or different in some way. 她的手在我的電視的屏幕上留下了印子。 Her finger left marks on the screen of my television. 相關(guān)表達： n.標(biāo)志，標(biāo)記 sign,.,plate n. （照相）底片；盤子 disease n. 疾病 非典是一種傳染

3、性疾病。 SARS is a contagious disease. a rare disease怪病。 詞義辨析： illness，disease 兩個詞在口語中用法相同，也有一些區(qū)別： illness(a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill)指病的狀態(tài)，時間的長短，或指身體不好。 She died after a long illness. 她在久病之后去世了。 He suffers from a serious illness.他病得很厲害。,.,Disease(an illness which affec

4、ts a person, animal, or plant)一般指有醫(yī)學(xué)名稱，與身體的部分有關(guān)的疾病，如果是傳染性疾病的話會被攜帶或傳染。 a kidney/sexually-transmitted disease/infectious disease腎病，性傳播疾病，傳染性的疾病 一般下列疾病只用illness mental illness 精神疾病 terminal illness晚期疾病,.,last v. 持續(xù),轟炸持續(xù)了兩個小時。 The bombing last two hours 我知道他們的熱情不會持續(xù)很久的。 I know their enthusiasm will not

5、last very long.,.,prove v. 顯示出證實EE:if someone or something proves difficult, helpful etc, you find out that this is what they are like；證實to show that something is true by providing facts, information etc example:新證據(jù)證明他是有罪的。 The new evidence proves him to be guilty. 新的治療方式證實非常成功。 The new treatment ha

6、s proved to be very successful. It is difficult to prove whether space life exists or not.要想證實外星人是否存在非常困難。 The article has proved most useful.這篇文章證明非常有用。 相關(guān)表達： proof n.證明 approve v.批準(zhǔn)，同意,.,resin n. 樹脂 The transparent shoulder straps are made of resin. 透明的肩帶是樹脂做的。 skin n. 皮膚； v. 剝皮 她的皮膚像嬰兒的皮膚一樣柔軟。 He

7、r skin is as soft as babies. 實際應(yīng)用： 皮膚黑dark skin 香蕉/土豆皮a banana/potato skin,.,section n. 切片,部分 EE:a very thin flat piece that is cut from skin, a plant etc to be looked at under a microscope； 飛機的尾部著火了。 The back section of the plane caught fire. 考試由四部分組成。 The test consists of four sections. 醫(yī)生在顯微鏡下仔細檢

8、查從尸體上切下來的切片。 The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope.,.,figure n.（女人的）體形；人像；人影 那女人身材很棒。 The lady has a great figure. 你最好多運動一下來保持體形。 Youd better exercise more to keep your figure. 當(dāng)她看到臥室的房間里有個黑影時尖叫了起來。 She screamed when she saw a dark figure in her bedroom. 實際應(yīng)用： 半

9、身像a half-length figure There are several dashing figures in the painting.那幅畫里畫了幾個雄糾糾的人。,.,normally adv. 通常地,正常地 EE:usually, or under normal conditions； 通常他的壞心情會持續(xù)一到倆天。 Normally his bad mood last one or two days. 通常在早上路上的車會少些。 There are less cars in the morning./The traffic is normally lighter in the

10、 morning. 相關(guān)表達： normal adj.正常的，一般的 記憶點撥： norm（規(guī)范，規(guī)則）al（形容詞后綴）ly（副詞后綴）（符合規(guī)范的）,.,survive v.幸免于，存活；活得比長 EE:to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness: 沒有乘客在空難中幸存。 None of the passengers survived the air crash. 我很想知道他們靠那么可憐的收入是怎么活下來的。 I wonder how they can survive on such poor income. 他比他所有孩

11、子活的都長。 He survived all his children. 相關(guān)表達： survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 victim n.死難者，受害者,.,課文解析 1) . A.D. 應(yīng)該寫在年數(shù)之前, B.C. 應(yīng)該寫在年數(shù)之后, 如: from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400 由公元前三百年到公元四百年 B.C.為Before Chris（t 公元前）的縮寫，A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the year of the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”。A.D.用來與B.C.形成對比， 出現(xiàn)在正

12、式的史書中，平時一般不用。,.,2). operation give an operation on sb 給某人做手術(shù) have an operation (on sb) 動手術(shù) operation on sb. for sth. operation to do sth. be in operation come into operation生效，起作用 bring into operation 實施;使生效 When does the plan come into operation?這項計劃什么時候?qū)嵤?Is this rule in operation yet?這條規(guī)定生效了嗎？,.

13、,3）.The mummy is that of Shepenmut that 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重復(fù)。在指代特指的事物時，尤其是在比較狀語從句中，常用that 和those 指代前面提到的事物： The cost of living here is lower than that in London.這里的生活費用比倫敦的要低。 that of 和those of 一般用于較正式的文體中： The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain. 美國的面積比英國的大。 Toms pen is better than th

14、at of the other boys.湯姆的筆比其他男孩的要好。,.,4）.plate （照相）底片 .plates taken of the mummy,taken是過去分詞作定語修飾plates，take the plates of 給.拍片子 hand/give sb sth on a plate把某事物奉送某人/讓某人輕易獲得某事物 You cant expect promotion to be handed to you on a plate.晉升的事不要期望會給你送貨上門。 5）.die of,死于.，因.而死（后面跟名詞）。 The Man died of a bad col

15、d/died of hunger. 那個人死于重感冒是餓死的。,.,6）.The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult （1）last 表示“持續(xù)”、“延續(xù)”時為不及物動詞，后面通常跟一個表示時間的名詞短語，for 可有可無： The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453. 這兩個國家之間的戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了3 年多一直持續(xù)到1453 年。 （2）prove 表示“證明”、“證實”，后面可以跟

16、從句、形容詞、名詞、不定式等： Weve been trying to sell our house, but its proved to be very difficult. 我們一直試圖把房子賣掉，不過事實證明這很困難。 You should first prove that you bought these goods here. 你應(yīng)該首先證明這些物品你是從這里買的。 prove sth to sb.向某人證明某事物屬實,.,7).（3）which 引導(dǎo)的分句為非限定性關(guān)系從句，因為它前后都有逗號。非限定性關(guān)系從句提供補充信息，往往可以略去。逗號的取舍有時對句子的意思有很大影響： Th

17、e government which promises to cut taxes will be popular. 承諾減稅的政府將贏得人心。（限定性） The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. 這個政府承諾減稅，它將會贏得人心。（非限定性）,.,（4）在非限定性關(guān)系從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能用who/whom, 不能用that（限定性從句則可以）；指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which,不能用that;帶介詞的非限定性關(guān)系從句中也不能用that: The astronauts, who are said to be v

18、ery excited, are ex pected to land on themoon shortly. 那些宇航員們可望不久登上月球，據(jù)說他們很激動。 This garage, which my father built in his lifetime has lasted for a long time. 我父親生前建的這個車庫已經(jīng)有很長時間了。（which 不可省略） 在非限定性關(guān)系從句中，which 有時可用來代替前面提到的整個分句： She married Joe, which(=and this/that) surprised everyone. 她嫁給了喬，這使大家都感到意外。,.,（5）(1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如： This is the house which we bought last m