2018屆英語語法填空

1、2018屆 語法填空,考綱解讀,一篇200字左右的短文 能力考查： 理解語篇、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、 運(yùn)用語法、單詞短語,空格類型,(1)純空格題,(2)用括號中所給詞填空,共10空,How to fill in the blanks?,一讀 二填 三檢查,快速瀏覽全文，理解大意 分析并判斷具體形式 語法是否正確，邏輯是否合理,純空格題 解題技巧,若空格后是名詞，且它沒有限定詞（冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞/不定代詞）修飾，很可能填_,冠詞,Skill 1:,可數(shù)名詞是禁止裸奔的。所謂不能裸奔就是不能既沒有冠詞，也不能沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞才有資格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可數(shù)名詞，那么通常是填冠詞的。

2、 I met him in _ shop which sells fruit. Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.,a,另外，裸奔的可數(shù)名詞如果在上文出現(xiàn)過，這時(shí)候填定冠詞the（再次提到，表示特指）。 I met a boy on the street. _ boy is waiting for a taxi.,The,談話雙方都知道的人或事物、世上獨(dú)一無二的東西、序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級以及形容詞only, very, same前用定冠詞the January is the first month of the y

3、ear. The red sun lights up the sky and the earth.,【小結(jié)】： 冠詞的語法填空歸根結(jié)底就是要看出裸奔的名詞到底是特指(填the)還是泛指(填a)。,【即時(shí)練習(xí)】 1. My friend Vernon Davies kept birdsHe asked me to feed _ birds for him. 2. He quickly picked up _ telephone on his desk. 3. People keep dogs to protect themselves For a child, _ dog is his best

4、 friend. 4. When there is car accident, police officers will find out if any of the drivers is using a cellphone. 5. Tom, 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table,the,the,a,an,a,句子不缺主語、表語，動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，通常填_,介詞,介詞的考查：多數(shù)情況下出現(xiàn)在固定搭配中,1. I think its a good idea _ you to come b

5、ack to China. 2. Though she is a girl , she is interested _ football.,for,in,It be adj./n for sb to do sth,be interested in,Skill 2:,但： 1. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 2. July 1, 1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China. Th

6、e day our Chinese people had looked forward to _ (come) at last. 所以有時(shí)要謹(jǐn)防陷阱！,after / from,came,兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的單詞/短語之間沒有連詞，考慮填_,并列連詞,Skill 3:,I am very excited _ inspired by the good news that you have been admitted into Harvard University.,and,若兩個(gè)句子（一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)算一個(gè)句子）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，填_或_,1. He worked hard, _ he

7、 succeeded finally. 2. The building _ stands near the river is our school.,并列連詞,從屬連詞,that / which,（連接主句和定語從句/名詞性從句/狀語從句）,and / so,Skill 4:,Skill 5:,由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞,1. 由強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 句子的其他部分)，判斷填it還是that。 _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MS

8、G (味精)! 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t。,2. 由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。,_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由can you expect to可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因?yàn)椤皁nly +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。,3. so /suchthat句型。如： Thi

9、s made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)知這是sothat句型，應(yīng)填that,4. morethan 與其說不如說; 比更 Lilys story shows that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是morethan句型，故填than。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報(bào)酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。,有提示詞 解題技巧,一、提供動(dòng)詞,若句中沒有別的謂語動(dòng)

10、詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。 1. Mr. Smith _ (give) his wife twenty pounds for her birthday. 2. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ (buy) some bananas and visited her cousin. 解析：and是并列連詞。此處went, bought 和visited為并列謂語，時(shí)態(tài)也一致。,Skill 1:,首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是

11、非謂語動(dòng)詞。,gave,bought,若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。, doing, done, to do,Skill 2:,表主動(dòng)/正在進(jìn)行/持續(xù),表被動(dòng)/完成,表將來或目的,具體的方法主要有： 作主語或賓語，通常用-ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。 1. It is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book.,解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填to memorize。,2. _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont

12、 make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,解析：句中已有謂語wont make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動(dòng)名詞短語，故填Speaking。,作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。 1. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目

13、的，作目的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填To complete。,2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed).,解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to succeed。另，be likely to do sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。,作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。 1. He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself, “The night will b

14、e very dark.”,解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動(dòng)詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因He與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。,2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.,解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用followed作伴隨狀語。,特別提醒： 有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞可能既不是謂語動(dòng)詞也不是非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。如： Jane knew from past ex

15、perience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,解析：所給詞choose雖然是動(dòng)詞，但在從句中作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，應(yīng)當(dāng)填choose的名詞形式choice。,考查謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞 1. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful. 2. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front. 3. He suddenly ap

16、peared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 4. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.,saying,sitting,wearing,【練一練】,was told,5. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote and poor village. 6. The proverb, “plucking up a crop _

17、(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 7. He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school. 8. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt.,broke,to help,had bought,found,9. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or _ (push) you

18、 with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 10. The situation was so severe that there was no time _ (debate) who is to blame. 11. With the problem _ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 12. With a lot of homework _ (do), I cant go shopping with my friends.,solved,pushed,to deba

19、te,to do,二、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥泶_定用哪種形式，具體技巧如下：,形容詞性物主代詞之后；冠詞之后，介詞之前；充當(dāng)句子的主語、賓語 、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語等； 通常填_,名詞,1. With the _ (arrive) of spring, the Dorritys took the children for an outing.,arrival,2. I find that _ (creative) can act as a way to increase _ (participate) and improve _ (fluent

20、).,creativity,participation,fluency,Skill 1:,易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞變名詞的不規(guī)則變形,另外，應(yīng)對名詞考查時(shí)，還要注意可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,explanation,description,pronunciation,assumption,complaint,作表語（在系動(dòng)詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞） 或賓補(bǔ)（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用_。 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.,形容詞,interested,賓補(bǔ),Skill 2:,修

21、飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用_。,_ (fortune), the guest escaped unharmed.,副詞,Fortunately,Skill 3:,有的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞性不一定要變，主要是考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un- / im- / in- / mis-等，在詞根后加-less等。 1. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,unnecessary,2. I must know how to care for others and tr

22、y not to _ (understand) them.,misunderstand,Skill 4:,括號中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其_。,The _ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.,比較級或最高級,harder,Skill 5:,1. He must be _(mental) disabled. 2. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had

23、 an appointment _(late) that day. 3. Mary felt _(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 4. “That would be a very _(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. 5. Her _ (curious) got the best for her.,mentally,later,【練一練】,pleased,r

24、easonable,curiosity,6. It was _ (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye. 7. As a result, many children are becoming less _ (depend), determined and ambitious than in the past. 8. The merchants first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great _ (contribute) in maintaining his wealth. 9.

25、There are _ (comfort) feelings, often as many kind of physical pain. 10. Problems are the serious test that tells success from _ (fail).,impolite,independent,contributions,uncomfortable,failure,11. _ (luck) , I failed in the exam. 12. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are

26、mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 13. At last, her courage and _ (wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 14.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 15. He devoted his spare time to

27、finding shelters for the _ (home).,Unluckily,wisdom,achievements,harder,homeless,有關(guān)代詞的 解題技巧,Skill 1: 人稱代詞,語法填空對代詞的考查重點(diǎn)考查人稱代詞，考查時(shí)可能給出代詞的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其賓格（如me）、形容詞性物主代詞（如my）、名詞性物主代詞（如mine）或反身代詞（如myself）等形式 1. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with _ (he) and understands _ (he) need

28、s. 2. This is _ (I) book. 3. The book is _ (I).,him,his,my,mine,Skill 2: it的用法,1. 指代上文提到的動(dòng)物、事物或事情；指代人，常指嬰兒；或用以確定一人的身份，如打電話或敲門時(shí)，可用it The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night. 2. 指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離、溫度等，在簡單句中作主語，填it It is a beautiful day. It was t

29、ime to quit smoking. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.,3. 由it作形式主語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花了某人一些時(shí)間 Its possible / necessary / important / strange / natural to do sth/that. 做某事是的 Its a pity / a shame / a wonder to do sth/that 做某事是 Its worth / no use / no good / a waste of t

30、ime doing sth 做某事是的 Its said / announced / believed / reported / hoped that 據(jù), It takes me an hour to get there by bus. It is important for students to attend all the lectures. It is a pity that he cant come. It is no use talking to him about the matter. It was reported that a heavy snowstorm hit th

31、at area last week.,4. 由it作形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it it作形式賓語，常用于以下句型： 主語 + 謂語 + it + adj./n. + to do sth/that 常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有： make, think, feel, find, consider等 I found it very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here. I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.,綜合

32、練習(xí),Exercise 1,It happened two years ago. I was getting ready to go to Beijing 1. _ I fell down the stairs and hurt my leg. I thought nothing 2. _ (bad) could happen to me, so I decided to go anyway. I managed to talk my father into giving me a ride to the station, 3. _ was five kilometers from our h

33、ouse. We planned to set out very early 4. _ (catch) the 7 a.m. train but the car wouldnt start. When we finally left, 5. _ was already 6:30. My father is a very slow driver so I asked him to speed up. When we were doing 120 km/h a policeman stopped us and handed out 6. _ rather heavy fine to my fath

34、er for speeding.,when,worse,which,to catch,it,a,I was very nervous there were only fifteen minutes left and we were nowhere near the station yet. Much to my annoyance, the car 7. _ (sudden) started to jerk (顛簸) and it soon turned out 8. _ we had run out of petrol. We had to stop at the petrol statio

35、n to fill up the tank. We finally got to the station at three minutes to seven. I kissed my father goodbye, jumped on the train and settled down in my seat 9. _ relief. But as soon as we reached the next station, I realised that I 10. _ (get) on the wrong train: I was traveling to Wuhan, not Beijing

36、!,suddenly,that,in,had got,Exercise 2,Archimedes was a famous ancient Greek inventor and mathematician. He is best known for discovering “Archimedess Principle”, 1. _ scientific law that explains why some objectsfloat. There arevarious stories that tell how he madethis 2. _ (discover). One story tel

37、ls of a king named Hiero, 3. _ suspected that his goldsmith had added some silver toa gold crown he had ordered. The king asked Archimedes 4. _ his assistance in finding out the truth. For days Archimedes was unable to ome up with 5. _ ideas. Then one daywhile getting into his bathtub, he noticed wa

38、ter spilling over the sides.,a,discovery,who,for,any,Suddenly, he realised that when an object 6. _ (place) in water, it moves some water from underneath it. By takingmeasurements of an objectsweight and the amount of water it moved, Archimedes could find out the“density (密度)” of the object. Because

39、 of this, he could conclude 7. _ King Hieros crown was made entirelyof gold or not. Archimedes was so 8. _ (excite) when he realised this that he jumped out of his bathtub 9. _ (shout) “Eureka!”, the Greek word for “I have found it.” Today, people often shout “Eureka!” 10. _ (say) they have found a

40、solution to a difficult problem.,is placed,whether,excited,shouting,to say,Exercise 3,The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, 1. _ (include) serious air pollution, long delays, and a great risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be d

41、one, but it is often difficult 2. _ (persuade) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home. One possible approach is to make 3. _ more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing parking charges and bringing in tougher fines for anyone 4. _ breaks the law. In addition, driver

42、s could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.,including,to persuade,it,who,This system, known as “road pricing”, with a special electronic card 5. _ (fix) to the windscreen of the car, has already been introduced in a number of cities. Another way of dealing w

43、ith the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and 6. _ (proper) control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus 7. _ (serve) for the final stage of their journey. Of course, the 8. _ (important) thing of all is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public t