探索理論,結(jié)合實(shí)踐,提升能力.ppt

1、,探索理論，結(jié)合實(shí)踐，提升能力 談閱讀表達(dá)高分突破之我見,姓名：郭艷梅 作者單位：惠民二中,閱 讀 表 達(dá) 題,題型解讀,高分突破,命題特征,閱 讀 表 達(dá) 的 命 題 特 征,1、集閱讀理解與書面表達(dá)于一體，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力， 又考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)去 解決問題的能力； 2、考查的主要目的是理解、歸納、 提煉、傳達(dá)信息； 3、強(qiáng)調(diào)“表達(dá)”，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的“回答”， 這對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀理解能力，獲取、加工 關(guān)鍵信息的能力提出了更高的要求。,七種類型：主旨概括題 、同義替換題 、補(bǔ)全句子題 、開放簡(jiǎn)答題 、封閉簡(jiǎn)答題 、句子翻譯題 、其他類型題,難點(diǎn)： 1.主旨概括題 ； 2.補(bǔ)全句子題；

2、3.句子翻譯題。,難點(diǎn)攻克+細(xì)節(jié)注意,高分突破,注意點(diǎn)： 1）快速的瀏覽題目，做到心中有數(shù)，帶著題目進(jìn)行速讀、尋讀，在文章中劃出與解題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞、句。 2）下筆答題之前認(rèn)真審題，弄清問題的要求（尤其是字?jǐn)?shù)限制）。 3）回答應(yīng)具有針對(duì)性，緊扣題目；語(yǔ)言既要完整又要簡(jiǎn)潔；同時(shí)還要注意語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性、得體性。,76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) 77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? By havin

3、g dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them. 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) 79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words) 80. T

4、ranslate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.,1、主旨概括題（或給出標(biāo)題）：要求準(zhǔn)確理解文章大意、細(xì)節(jié)，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、意圖和語(yǔ)氣等，提煉歸納出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。然后，把文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行濃縮和提煉，結(jié)合試題的要求作答，語(yǔ)言應(yīng)精辟、簡(jiǎn)練。,題型解讀:,常見的提問方式歸納如下：,(1) Whats the main idea of the passage? (2) Whats the passage mainly about? (3)What does the passage mainly discuss? (4)

5、What is the purpose of the writer in writing the passage? (5)Whats the best title of the passage? .,應(yīng)試技巧：,主旨概括題（給出標(biāo)題）關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)主題句。 一段文字中往往有一個(gè)中心句，它的出現(xiàn)有三種情況：一是出現(xiàn)在一段的開頭；二是出現(xiàn)在段尾，具有總結(jié)的作用；三是出現(xiàn)在段落中間，往往由一句話來統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段。 根據(jù)各主題句來選擇整篇文章的主題句，然后提煉出 文章的主旨大意。,（10）1One out of many important things for the whole family to do i

6、s to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve op

7、en communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of yo

8、uth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each others company. 3During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sit

9、ting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better ch

10、ance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 4However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _ if

11、there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.,76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words),Families benefit from eating together. / Having dinner together is beneficial to families.

12、,應(yīng)試技巧：,文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)該能夠高度概括文章內(nèi)容，同時(shí)還要有一定的針對(duì)性，另外標(biāo)題應(yīng)能吸引讀者的注意力，喚起讀者對(duì)文章閱讀的興趣。這一點(diǎn)也是標(biāo)題和主旨大意的區(qū)別所在。 （1）通常為短語(yǔ)或短句, 力求精辟、簡(jiǎn)潔； （2） 實(shí)詞首字母大寫虛詞首字母小寫; （3）若虛詞位于句首大寫; （4）只大寫第一個(gè)單詞的首字母； The Power of Youth Culture Living Longer or Not How to Be a Good Listener,2、 句子替換題：要求注意理解句子中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，變復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)為簡(jiǎn)單的單詞或短語(yǔ)，化整為零。 (1)Which sentence in

13、the text is closest in meaning to the following one? (2)Which sentence can be replaced by the following one?,題型解讀:,應(yīng)試技巧：,句子的替換要求對(duì)等意義的單詞化或短語(yǔ)化。,77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and

14、develop closer ties among them.,（10）1One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at le

15、ast 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For

16、many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each others company. 3During

17、dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this info

18、rmation they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 4However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered

19、 as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.,77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning t

20、o the following one? By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.,Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.,3、 封閉性題目： 要求從文章中找出具體的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，根據(jù)題目要求，加以分析判斷，從文章的細(xì)節(jié)，作者的意圖，文章的脈絡(luò)

21、中，運(yùn)用自己的語(yǔ)言，得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論。,題型解讀：,常見提問方式： Regular Wh-h-Questions based on the passage. （07）78What advice is given in the last paragraph? （within 10 words）79For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1? （within 10 words） （09）76. What does the author say about the adults accordin

22、g to Paragraph 1? （within 8 words）79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words） (08）76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words),題型解讀：,應(yīng)試技巧：,(09)4 Its a form of universal health insurance. Its imp

23、ossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。,79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words）,lowering blood pressu

24、re relieving stress boosting happiness,應(yīng)試技巧：,對(duì)于封閉性問題，要在通讀全文、掌握文章主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。首先要仔細(xì)看懂問題，明確問的是什么，然后按照題意進(jìn)行尋讀，找出正確答案的根據(jù)，然后正確表達(dá)出來。,79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words),（10）1One out of many important things for the whole family to do is

25、 to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve ope

26、n communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of you

27、th rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each others company. 3During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitt

28、ing at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better cha

29、nce to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 4However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _ if t

30、here is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.,79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words),their childrens school performance, daily ac

31、tivities and attitudes toward life,4、開放性題目： 要求在整體理解，把握文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合作者的觀點(diǎn)，寫出自己的看法。 What would you do if you were What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were ?,題型解讀：,應(yīng)試技巧：,對(duì)于開放性問題，考生可根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)選擇較容易回答的點(diǎn)回答，但論據(jù)要充分論證自己的觀點(diǎn)，論證要有力度且緊密符合自己的中心論點(diǎn)，并且表達(dá)無誤。,5、 完成句子題：要求結(jié)合上下文，根據(jù)文章的

32、邏輯關(guān)系和意義關(guān)系，正確把握文章脈絡(luò)、線索和情節(jié)發(fā)展，對(duì)作者的寫作意圖進(jìn)行正確的判斷，結(jié)合自己對(duì)英語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用能力來填寫。,題型解讀:,應(yīng)試技巧：,把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系及語(yǔ)義的連貫性，定下大體的結(jié)構(gòu)思路及形式，定出需要填寫的是單詞、短語(yǔ)還是完整句子，然后添加適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，并且要注意無語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。,A同位關(guān)系（并列關(guān)系）標(biāo)志詞：and, also, similarly, too, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also, in the same way, equally, at the same timeB遞進(jìn)關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞：then; besides

33、; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, furthermore, C對(duì)比關(guān)系（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）標(biāo)志詞：but, however, nevertheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, while, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, D因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞：because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, t

34、hus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, ,E讓步關(guān)系：標(biāo)志詞：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; F時(shí)間關(guān)系：標(biāo)志詞：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, G條件關(guān)系：標(biāo)志詞：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far, on

35、condition (that), provided (that), providing (that),without, I. 表示目的（意圖）標(biāo)志詞：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, H解釋與被解釋關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞：is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is (that) , ,（10）1One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have di

36、nner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve open communica

37、tion and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of

38、 addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each others company. 3During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the

39、same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to redu

40、ce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 4However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _ if there is too

41、 much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.,78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words),No family dinner can benefit. / Family dinner may not benefit.,6、翻譯句子題：一般是復(fù)合句，要求在理解和分

42、析劃線句子成分的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的段落，準(zhǔn)確、通順地翻譯。,題型解讀：,應(yīng)試技巧：,在翻譯時(shí)，要適當(dāng)應(yīng)用增詞、減詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)化、語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)化等技巧；另外，英語(yǔ)中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句及長(zhǎng)的名詞性從句和較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)往往要單獨(dú)翻譯，句子才更通順，更符合中國(guó)人的說話習(xí)慣。,（09）Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. 不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回應(yīng)比在鄉(xiāng)村少得多。 （07）You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness

43、 in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply. 用簡(jiǎn)短的話回復(fù)冗長(zhǎng)的電子郵件完全不失禮節(jié)?；颍河煤?jiǎn)短的話回復(fù)馬拉松式的電子郵件也是禮貌的。,（10）1One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. 2Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and a