高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題九名詞性從句精品教學(xué)案

1、【專題九】名詞性從句【考情分析】1what，that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別；2whether，if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別；3名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；4it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的情況；5名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！局R(shí)歸納】考點(diǎn)一：名詞性從句分類名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。（一）主語(yǔ)從句1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether

2、 you will come or not.注意：that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表語(yǔ)從句1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（三）賓語(yǔ)從句1、賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般

3、可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.注意1：whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。e.g.

4、 Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解）賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.注意2以下情況只能用whether介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)whether 可與不定式連用whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，

5、以上從句中均不能換成if賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money. They dont know whether to go there.（四）同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised

6、everybody.1.同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.國(guó)王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。2.同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)要延期舉行。3.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1)

7、定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2)定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by h

8、im.湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）考點(diǎn)二 名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞分類：1 從屬連詞：that, whether, if, as if注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表語(yǔ)從句）Everybody hopes that she will so

9、on be well again.（賓語(yǔ)從句）That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主語(yǔ)從句）需要注意的是：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的情況，that是不可以省略的2 連接代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whicheverEg:Who will take his place is unknown.That is what he is worried about.I have no idea which team will win.注意：連接

10、代詞有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。3 連接副詞：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverEg:Where she has gone s not known yet.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.This is why he is late.You have no idea how worried I was.注意：連接副詞有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語(yǔ)。 總結(jié)：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式，而應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)

11、序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無(wú)任何含義）。考點(diǎn)三 that 和what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that是連接詞，本身無(wú)詞義，僅起連接作用，不在從句中擔(dān)任任何成分；what是連接代詞，不僅引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：That he stole a bike was true.他真的偷了一輛自行車。The

12、 important thing is what you do, but not what you say.重要的是你做什么，而不是說(shuō)什么?？键c(diǎn)四 if和whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時(shí)或介詞賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。其他名詞性從句，如主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用whether連接，不用if。如：I dont care about whether you have money or not.我并不在意你是否有錢。介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少

13、引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：I could say nothing but that I was angry.我無(wú)話可說(shuō)，只是感到生氣。考點(diǎn)五 “疑問(wèn)詞”及“疑問(wèn)詞ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1如何選擇這些引導(dǎo)詞呢？根據(jù)它們的意思和從句所缺的成分進(jìn)行選擇(1)who意為“誰(shuí)”，在從句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(2)whom意為“誰(shuí)”，在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)，一般可以用who來(lái)取代，但在介詞后面時(shí)只能用whom。(3)whose意為“誰(shuí)的”，在從句中用作定語(yǔ)。(4)which意為“哪一個(gè)”，在從句中用作定語(yǔ)。(5)when意為“什么時(shí)候”，在從句中用作

14、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；where意為“哪里”，在從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；how意為“怎樣，多么”，在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)；why意為“為什么”，在從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。2連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等。他們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于no matter who/ what/ which。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何違法的人都要受到懲罰。3who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what/who等含特指意義

15、，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，相當(dāng)于anything that./anyone who.。 如：Whoever wants to go may go. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)想去都可以去。Do you know who can repair a bike? 你知道誰(shuí)會(huì)修自行車嗎？ You can have whatever food you want. 你想吃什么都可以。 He can do what he wants to. 他可以(能夠)想做什么就做什么。 【提醒】(1)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少

16、引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。(2)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that一般可以省略，但如果有二個(gè)或二個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最后一個(gè)that不可以省略。(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置，并且that不能省略。(4)doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/ if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。(5)連接代詞who，what，whose，wh

17、ich通常不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。1. 在主語(yǔ)從句中, 下面的幾種情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。 “It is+形容詞+that . ”句型。常見的形容詞有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 這位男生竟然對(duì)班主任大聲嚷嚷,我感到很吃驚。 It is strange that the poor old man sho

18、uld have been invited to his wedding. 那位貧窮老人竟然被邀請(qǐng)參加他的婚禮,真是奇怪。 “It is +名詞+that .”句型。常見的名詞有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提議,建議),requirement, request, desire, order等。Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hud

19、son River in New York. “It is+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that . ”句型。常見的動(dòng)詞有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如: It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.2. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提議), requirement, suggestion等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。如: Its

20、his suggestion made yesterday that we delay buying a flat.3. 在下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。這類動(dòng)詞有:insist(堅(jiān)持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(請(qǐng)求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建議),advise(建議),propose(建議) , recommend(建議, 推薦) 等。如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try t

21、o lose his weight.2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.4. 用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had

22、 + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒(méi)同我們講)I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了).【考點(diǎn)例析】1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. 【2012陜西卷】A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever1.B 考查名詞性從句。句意：由于提供了五個(gè)課程，因此你可以自由選擇最適合你的那一個(gè)。所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句做動(dòng)詞choose的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，故

23、正確答案為B。2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】A. why B. how C. that D. whether2 C。本題考查名詞性從句。賓語(yǔ)從句不缺少成分用that引導(dǎo)。故正確答案為C。3It suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat3.D考點(diǎn)：考察名詞性從句當(dāng)中的主語(yǔ)從

24、句。it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中無(wú)意義，并不充當(dāng)任何成分。故正確答案為D。4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 2012湖南高考真題A. why B. how C. whether D. when 4.C 本題考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)的用法。根據(jù)空后的or可知為whether or短語(yǔ)。故正確答案為C。 5. Evide

25、nce has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重慶卷】A. why B. how C. whether D. that4. D考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處后面為句子主語(yǔ)“Evidence”的同位語(yǔ)從句，在這一從句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，應(yīng)該使用“that”作為引導(dǎo)詞。因此，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。 5.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally

26、speaking, are fixed at birth, but_he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2012安徽卷】 A. where B. whether C. that D. why 5.B 考查名詞性從句。首先把插入語(yǔ)generally speaking刪掉， but whether he reaches these limits作為句子主語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)本題應(yīng)為whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，故正確答案為B。6. It is by no means clear _the president can do to

27、end the strike. 【2012全國(guó)新課程】A. how B. which C. that D. what6. D 本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：總統(tǒng)采取什么行動(dòng)結(jié)束這次罷工一點(diǎn)也不清楚。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，作真正的主語(yǔ)。What作do的賓語(yǔ)。故空格處應(yīng)使用兼語(yǔ)詞what, 故正確答案D。7. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 【2012山東卷】A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 7 B 本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：在這個(gè)商店中用現(xiàn)金或信用卡支付都可

28、以。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面whether.or引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，whether.or意為：是還是都行。8. We promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 【2012福建卷】A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever8.C 本題考查名詞性從句。首先本句考查的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)是promise sb sth“向某人承諾某事“本句指的是向參加聚會(huì)的人提供一個(gè)和電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)，不定式做chance的定語(yǔ)，然后就是參加聚會(huì)的任何人whoever=any

29、one who，故正確答案為C。 9.It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing -both roads lead to the park. (2012天津卷)A. whetherB. howC. if D. when9.A考查名詞性從句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐還是向左拐都沒(méi)有關(guān)系兩條路都到公園。whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。it做形式主語(yǔ)。因?yàn)閺木涞牟糠质沁x擇性的一般疑問(wèn)句，所以選擇whether。10.Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? No, _ I a

30、m looking for is something much bigger and stronger.【2012上海卷】 A. who B. that C. what D. which10.C考查名詞性從句。句意：我們只是弄到了這只小的書架，行嗎？不行。我所要找的是比它更大更堅(jiān)實(shí)的書架。既要引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句又要在主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，只有what具備這樣的雙重功能。故正確答案為C【方法技巧】我個(gè)人認(rèn)為在師生備考復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1從結(jié)構(gòu)和句意兩方面分析定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句，尤其是定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。2從結(jié)構(gòu)入手，分析名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句之間的關(guān)系及區(qū)別。

31、3加強(qiáng)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞各自意義，用法，特點(diǎn)的辨析。4加強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)、難句的分析和理解練習(xí)?？傊诿~性從句的測(cè)試中首先應(yīng)該把握住名詞性從句的定義：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞的句子；其次應(yīng)該記住名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：that、what、whether、if、who、whom、whoever、which、whichever、whose、when、where、how、why等等；再就是應(yīng)該弄明白連接詞之間的區(qū)別和各自的功能，比如：that和what 、whether和if等等；最關(guān)鍵的應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)找到解決問(wèn)題的突破口：即問(wèn)題的題眼。【專題訓(xùn)練】1.Your skirt is really sple

32、ndid, but _we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.A. that B. what C. whether D. how.2. _made me more surprised was _the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed. A. What ;that B. That; that C. What; whether D. It; that3. What do you think of this suggestion th

33、at we _lunch at the new restaurant? A. will have B. are going to have C. would have C. have4. I dont know the reason _you were absent from the meeting, but Im sure that someone will tell me the reason _you havent told me. A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that5. _made his moth

34、er surprised was _Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick. A. What; that B. What; because C. That; what D. That; because6. According to Bill Gates, the idea _we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear _it will be

35、on sale and _it will cost. A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the peoples fear _they would be infected by the present disease called SARS. A. whether B. which C. when D. that8. Word has come _in some

36、western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down. A. that B. while C. when D. as9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders _will happen to her private life. A. it B. what C. which D. that.10. I think Mother would like to know _Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not. A. which B. why C. what D. how11. Pointing to the house on_roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that