Grammar (3).ppt

1、Module 4,Module 4 Great Scientists,Grammar The Passive Voice,What can you conclude from the following sentences from the text?,1. Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries. 2. Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.,3. As a boy he was educated in schools and was given a nickname 4. Re

2、searchers were brought in from all over China ,讀下面的句子, 總結(jié)各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式。,1. Our teachers are respected by us. 2. He will be beaten by me. 3. Paper was first invented in China. 4. They really have been poorly paid.,被動(dòng)語態(tài)(Passive Voice),5. Production costs had been greatly reduced. 6. A new railway is b

3、eing built. 7. The roads were being widened.,am, is, are + 過去分詞,was, were + 過去分詞,shall, will + be + 過去分詞,am, is, are +being +過去分詞,was, were +being +過去分詞,has, have + been +過去分詞,had been + 過去分詞,Look! Theres nothing here. Everything has been taken away. I was born in 1981. She is liked by everybody.,不知

4、道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,When will you use passive voice?,He is said to be a good teacher. Youll be contacted. Star War is acted by Harrison Ford.,習(xí)慣用法,不確定動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,行文的需要,1. 每天都有新的問題被處理。,New problems are dealt with every day.,2. 明年將種許多樹。,Many trees will be planted next year.,3. 計(jì)劃將會(huì)執(zhí)行。,The plan woul

5、d be carried out.,4. 昨天下午這個(gè)問題在會(huì)上正在被討論。,Radios had just been invented then.,The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon.,5. 那時(shí)收音機(jī)剛剛發(fā)明。,短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,That old man was often laughed at. The doctor has been sent for.,結(jié)論: 短語動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組, 在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此, 不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。,1. 一定要充分利用時(shí)間。

6、Time must be made good use of. 2. 壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)被改掉了。 Bad habits have been done away with. 3. 那個(gè)計(jì)劃就要被他們放棄了。 The plan will be given up by them. 4. 孩子將被很好地照顧。 The children will be taken good care of.,1. He must be prevented from going. 2. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.,結(jié)論: 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被

7、動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為: “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞”,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):,改錯(cuò):,Such things neednt talked. Such things neednt be talked about.,2. The books may kept for two weeks by you. The books may be kept for two weeks by you.,She heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now.,結(jié)論: 主動(dòng)句中的賓語如果是不帶to的不定式, 在變成被動(dòng)句

8、中的主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), to不能省去。,1. I noticed him cross the street. He was noticed to cross the street. 2. They often help me clean the room. I am helped to clean the room. 3. We often see her read English in the morning. She is often seen to read English in the morning.,結(jié)論: 帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的 形式為:由其中一個(gè)賓語作主語, 常為表示人的間接賓

9、語。,We gave him some books. He was given some books. Some books were given to him.,We elected him our monitor. He was elected our monitor by us. We saw him sitting there without doing anything. He was seen sitting there without doing anything.,結(jié)論:帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。,The door was locked by

10、 the monitor. The door was locked. The composition was written with great care. The composition is well written.,Look at the following sentences:,結(jié)論: 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作, 句子主語是動(dòng)作對象; 而“連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(過去分詞)” 表示狀態(tài), 其中過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞, 因此被動(dòng)語態(tài)可以有多種時(shí)態(tài), 而“連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語”中的只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。,As a boy he _ (educate) in many schools. 2. He _

11、 (give) the nickname, “the student who asks questions”. 3. The results of his experiments _ (publish) in China in 1966.,was educated,was given,was published,Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets.,4. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant _(discover). 5. 50 thousand square

12、kilometres of rice fields _ (convert) to growing vegetables. 6. Following this, Yuan Longpings rice _ (export) to other countries.,was discovered,were converted,was exported,課后小練 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The trees _ (plant) in rows in the field by our class tomorrow. 2. His leg _ (hurt) when he _ (fall)

13、from the tree yesterday. 3. The children must _ (take) good care of while their teacher is away.,will be planted,was hurt,fell,be taken,4. The hospital _ (build) a few years ago. It _ (repair) at the moment. 5. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings _ (hold) e

14、very year.,was built,is being repaired,are held,Look at the sentence and decide which question the underlined phrase answers.,He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.,by+ing form,What could he produce? Why should he produce more rice? How could he produce more ri

15、ce?,by 與動(dòng)詞-ing連用，譯為“通過”。表示某種方式。 e.g. By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.,選D。空格處所填的詞與making并列，同作by的賓語，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。題意為“人通過出錯(cuò)并改正錯(cuò)誤來學(xué)習(xí)語言?！?One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. (北京2012) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting,Rewrite the sentences by changing the u

16、nderlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by+ing.,Example: You can get a good job if you study hard. You can get a good job by studying hard.,1. Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China. He discovered a new type of rice.,Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of

17、rice.,Researchers learn things by carrying out experiments.,2. Researchers learn things when they carry out experiments.,3. They changed the design and so they built a better engine.,By changing the design they built a better engine.,You will become a better pianist by practising often.,4. You will

18、become a better pianist if you practise often.,5. If we plan for the future we can be happy in the present.,By planning for the future we can be happy in the present.,Choose the correct way of saying the numbers.,5,000,000 (a) five million (b) five millions,Function Talking about numbers,2. 47.5% (a) forty seven half percent (b) forty seven point five percent 3. 632 (a) six hundred and thirty two (b) six hundred