061112-AnalyticalThinking.ppt

1、Analytical Thinking repeating information with no changes (ex: recalling dates; memorizing definitions for a history exam) Comprehension: Understanding ideas; using rules and following directions (ex: explaining a mathematical law; knowing how the human ear functions; explaining a definition in psyc

2、hology) Application: Applying knowledge to a new situation (ex: using knowledge to solve a new physics problem),Levels of Thinking,Analysis: Seeing relationships; breaking information into parts; analyzing how things work (ex: comparing two poems by the same author) Synthesis: Putting ideas and info

3、rmation together in a unique way; creating something new (ex: designing a new computer program) Evaluation: Making judgments; assessing value or worth of information (ex: evaluating the effectiveness of an argument opposing the death penalty),Selecting a problem solving method,1. You should apply al

4、ready-learned concepts to fill in the gaps from information provided in the passage. Only use principles, definitions, equations, theories, and laws to integrated within the passage. 2. You should apply the newly-learned concepts from the passage as and when appropriate after a thorough understandin

5、g. 3. When working with mathematics problems watch for consistency in units and conventions, and always start from the given data. 4. Use only relevent facts.,Selecting a problem solving method,5. Use proportional reasoning as and when required to compare various options. 6. Evaluate designs, method

6、s, phenomena, and their effects in a logical and systematic way. Do not get persuaded by the writers arguments if you discover technical flaws or problems. These problems may not require any mathematical operations to solve, only analytical/logical reasoning will suffice. 7. You should also use inte

7、grated reasoning in looking at pieces of evidence, parts of instruments, steps in procedures and various actions in phenomena. You should evaluate and interpret particular perspectives including technical views and opinions of scientists.,Selecting a problem solving method,8. Always try to get the a

8、nswer in the form presented, especially in data analysis problems. Organize and interpret your data so it is directly linked to the format of the answers presented. 9. You should learn how to test the responses against your answer and make sure to follow basic logic. 10. Pick up various strategies a

9、nd approaches to solve the problem in any order as long as they are well connected and sequential in solving the problem.,Problem Solving Model,Use your own experience or similar situation to help you mentally see the given information. Actually create a tough sketch of the information. Mark inner p

10、roblem cues which link new information with known concepts. Actually create a rough sketch of the information. Try to condense the information in the question as much as possible. What is the question? Isolate and examine the limitations and assumptions in the question stem. Select the best problem

11、solving method for the question. Examine whether or not your answer makes sense.,Problem Solving Methods,Make a Diagram Cathy knows French and German. Sandra knows Swedish and Russian. Cindy knows Spanish and French. Paula knows German and Swedish. If French is easier than German, Russian harder tha

12、n Swedish, German easier than Swedish, and Spanish is easier than French, which girl knows the most difficult language?,Problem Solving Methods,Make a Chart Paula, Joanne, and Mary own a total of 16 dogs, among which are 3 poodles, twice as many cocker spaniels, and the remainder German Shepherds an

13、d collies. Joanne despises poodles and collies, but owns 4 cocker spaniels and 2 German Shepherds, giving a her a total of 6 dogs. Paula owns 1 poodle and only 2 other dogs, both German Shepherds. Mary owns 3 collies and several other dogs. What other dogs and how many of each does Mary own?,Problem

14、 Solving Methods,Go Through the Actions You are facing east, you make an about-face, and then you turn left. Which direction is now on your left? Draw a Picture Belvedere Street is parallel to St. Anthony Street. Davidson is perpendicular to River Street. River Street is parallel to St. Anthony Stre

15、et. Is Davidson Street parallel or perpendicular to Belvedere?,Problem Solving Methods,Write It Out On a certain day, I ate lunch at Tommys, took out two books from the library (The Sea Wolf and Martin Eden, both by Jack London), visited the museum and had a cavity filled. Tommys is closed on Wednes

16、day, the library is closed on weekends, the museum is only open Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and my dentist has office hours Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday. On which day of the week did I do all these things?,Problem Solving Methods,Use a Venn Diagram The government wants to contact all druggists,

17、all gun store owners, and all parents in a town. How many people must be contacted, using these statistics? Druggists10 Gun Store owners5 Parents3000 Druggists who own gun stores0 Druggists who are parents7 Gun store owners who are parents 3,Checklist For Problem Solving,Inaccuracy in Reading,Readin

18、g material without concentrating strongly on the meaning. Didnt constantly ask, “Do I understand that completely?” Reading material too rapidly; at the expense of comprehension. Misreading one or more words; not careful enough. Missing one or more facts or ideas; not careful enough. Not spending eno

19、ugh time rereading a difficult section to clarify it meaning.,Inaccuracy in Thinking,Not placing a constant high premium on accuracy. Performing operations with out sufficient care or observation. Interpreting words or performing operations inconsistently. Not checking the correctness of an answer o

20、r conclusion. Not checking the appropriateness of a formula or procedure before utilizing it. Working too rapidly. Visualizing a description or relationship inaccurately. Drawing a conclusion from the middle of a problem rather than reading it through and giving it sufficient thought.,Weakness in Pr

21、oblem Analysis: Inactiveness,1. Not breaking a complex problem into parts. 2. Not drawing upon prior knowledge and experience in trying to make sense of ideas which were unclear. 3. Skipping unfamiliar words or phrases, rather than trying to gain good understanding through context. 4. Not translatin

22、g an unclear word or phrase into ones own words.,Weakness in Problem Analysis: Inactiveness (contd),5. Not using a dictionary when necessary. 6. Not actively constructing (mentally or on paper) a representation of ideas described in the text. 7. Not evaluating a solution or interpretation in terms o

23、f its reasonableness.,Lack of Perseverance,1. Making little attempt to solve the problem through reasoning because of lack of confidence in ones ability to deal with this type of problem. 2. Choosing to answer based on only a superficial consideration of the problem. 3. Solving the problem in a mechanical manner, without much thought. 4. Reasoning the problem part way through, then giving up and jumping to a conclusion.,Failure to Think Aloud,1. Not vocalizing ones thinking in sufficient detail while working the problem.,Question,You h