初中英語語法—非謂語動詞.ppt

1、非謂語動詞,初中英語語法,The old men enjoy_ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park. 2.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball 3.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. went B. going C. t

2、o go D. has gone 5.He is good at_. A. singing B. sing C. sings D. to sing,熱身練習(xí),listening,B,B,help,water,A,非謂語動詞,1.謂語動詞與非謂語動詞：,在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞，叫做謂語動詞；在句 子中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等的動 詞，叫做非謂語動詞。,We should serve the people heart and soul. I am reading a novel.,She found English hard to learn. Seeing is believing.,

3、Please stop speaking.,（謂語）,（謂語）,（狀語）,（主語和表語）,（賓語）,2.非謂語動詞的特點,1)不能單獨做謂語，但可和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞組成謂語。,2)具有動詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語或狀語。,The Party called on us to serve the people .,The students ran out of the classroom, laughing happily .,She doesnt have any English books.,非謂語動詞分為三種形式:,不定式：to+動詞原形 動名詞：動詞原形+ing 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）

4、,動詞+doing 介詞+doing,doing,動名詞,只能接-ing作賓語的動詞口訣：,喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí) 錯過建議保持介意值得考慮,喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí),enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事,mi

5、ss doing sth. 錯過做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事,錯過建議保持介意值得考慮,be good at doing sth 擅長做某事 be interested in doing sth. 對做某事感興趣 be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事 be tired of

6、 doing sth. 厭煩做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事,介詞+doing,put off doing 推遲做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 without doing sth. 沒有做某事 think about doing sth. 考慮做某事 What How about doing 做某事怎么樣?,此to 非彼to,look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used

7、to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing（做貢獻）,小試牛刀,1. Now more and more people are busy_about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B.

8、opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying,C,B,D,4. -Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5We couldnt help _(laugh) after we

9、 heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed,B,B,肯定式: to do 否定式: not to do 省略to的: do,動詞不定式,動詞不定式,基本形式： to+動詞原形 （在某些情況下可以不帶 to）,特點 ： A .沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,C . 有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化（被動語態(tài)的形式為 to be + 動詞過去分詞）,B . 可以有自己的賓語和狀語,動詞不定式用法,A、作主語，如:,To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to

10、learn a foreign language.,注意1：不定式短語作主語如果太長，常用it作形式主語，將不定式后置。,注意2:不定式的邏輯主語：,不定式不能單獨做謂語，因此沒有語法上的主語，但可以有意義上的邏輯主語。,I promised Tom to play with him. I asked him to play with me.,（to play的邏輯主語是I） （to play的邏輯主語是him）,注意3:,同一句型中不同介詞的不同含義,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（for 引出動作發(fā)

11、出者）,（of 引出adj修飾的對象）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：,kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish

12、, careless, stupid, naughty (淘氣的), polite, impolite,silly, brave, honest, noble，right, rude等,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,B、作表語，如,The important thing is to finish the work on time .,作賓語,C、,動詞 + to do,動詞+疑問詞 + to do,動詞 + it(形式賓語）+賓補 +to d

13、o,常見動詞有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等,I dont know what to do .,I find it important to learn English.,只能接不定式作賓語的動詞口訣：,決定想做計劃需要同意， 能做用來做的事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事,決定想做計劃需要同意，能做用來做的事,decide to do sth. 決定做某事 wantwould like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do

14、sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 use to do 用來做,迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事,D、動詞不定式作賓語補足語,作賓補,動詞 + 賓語 +to do,動詞 + 賓語 + do,Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .,注：有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, in

15、vite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。,(不帶 to 的不定式),注：常用的動詞是：感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役動詞 have ,make,let.,接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞口訣：,請求與命令 想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,請求與命令,ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議,want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 expect

16、 sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事,答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事,F、作定語：（必須后置）,I came here to see you We were very excit

17、ed to hear the news He hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him,(目的),(原因),(結(jié)果),(條件),I have some books for you to read.,注意：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。,He is looking for a room to live in ,There is nothing to worry about,Please give me

18、 a knife to cut with,G、不定式與疑問詞who，which，when，where , how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語表語、賓語等。,He didnt know what to say. My question is when to start How to solve the problem is very important,(賓語) (表語) （主語）,注意：在與why連用時，只用于why或why not開 頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。,Why not have a rest?,動詞不定式幾點注意事項：,1、在感官動詞和使役動詞

19、后作賓補時，不定式可省略to,但以上詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上to,I always saw her play violin .,He was made to work 12hours a day.,動詞不定式省略to的情況:,使役動詞和感官動詞后：一感二聽三讓四看：feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice had better（not）do sth. 最好(不)做 why not /why dont you do sth 為什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth 幫助某人做 Would

20、rather （not）do sth.寧愿(不)做 would you please （not）do sth. 請你(不)要做 情態(tài)動詞+do 助動詞+do,感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel,+ do表示動作的完整性， +doing 表示動作的進行性。 注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。,區(qū)分下列詞組:,see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth.,特殊詞精講:,stop

21、doing/to do,stop to do停下來去做另一件事， stop doing停止正在做的某事。 他們停下來吸煙。 They stop to smoke. 我必須戒煙了 I must stop smoking.,forget to do忘記要去做某事，forget doing忘記做過某事。 辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。 （沒有做關(guān)燈的動作） The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動作） He forgot turning the light off.,forg

22、et doing/to do,remember doing/to do,remember to do 記得去做某事 remember doing 記得做過某事 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? Dont you remember seeing the man before?,go on doing/to do,go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事， go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went

23、on to do his physics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完這個練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí),try doing/ to do sth.,try to do sth. 努力, 盡力做某事 Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it . try doing sth. 試著做某事 The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.,2、動詞不定式的否定形式為：

24、 not + to do,Mr.Smith asked the boy _(not play) this kind of game.,not to play,Please have him _(not do) so much housework.,not do,3、不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。,Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door),4、不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。,I have

25、got a letter to write,(I write a letter),He needs a room to live in,(He lives in a room),5、不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for one或for people,He is hard to talk to,The book is difficult to understand,The question is easy to answer,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞,兩者之間的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和語態(tài)上： 1.在時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表示

26、正在進行，而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 2.在語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；而過去分詞表示被動。 總之，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行； 過去分詞表被動、完成。 在句法功能上它們都可以作定語、表語、狀語和賓補，它們的具體區(qū)別如下：,分詞,1、作定語時,1. 現(xiàn)在分詞單獨作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞的后面，意思同定語從句差不多。例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are pla

27、ying outside not to make too much noise.,1.現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 developing country 發(fā)展中國家(正在發(fā)展的） developed country 發(fā)達國家（已發(fā)展的） boiling water沸水（正在沸騰的水） boiled water 開水（已燒開了的水，可能已涼了） falling leaves 正在飄落的樹葉 fallen leaves 落葉(已落下的樹葉）,現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)動作正在進行，側(cè)重于主動。 過去分詞強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，側(cè)重于被動；,2.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；過去分詞表示被動。例如： a movin

28、g film 一部感人的電影 （主動） the moved people 被感動的人們 （被動） 現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人感到”，指主語和被修飾詞給人 的感覺，過去分詞表示“感到”，指主語和被修飾詞 的感覺。 an exciting game 一場令人感到激動的比賽 the excited people 感到激動的人們,He saw a _ bird and raised his bow. A. fly B. flying C. flew D. to be flying,分析： B 。表示正在進行的動作，句意是：正在飛的鳥。此處的 a flying bird a bird which was fly

29、ing 。,I was satisfied with the _ speech. A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. be excited,分析： B 。表示被修飾詞 speech 的性質(zhì)和特征，此處的 the exciting speech the speech that/which was exciting 。,2、作表語時,共同點：分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。 不同點：分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動

30、作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。,1. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 2. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . Excitedly D . exciting,簡析：首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因為 s

31、eems 在此句中用作連系動詞; 再根據(jù) his father 對于動詞 please 來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系, 即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興; 換言之, 他的父親因為受到這個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此, 該題應(yīng)選C。,簡析：該題應(yīng)選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。,3、作賓語補足語時,現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的賓語是主動關(guān)系，它所表示的動作往往正在進行； 過去分詞與句子的賓語是被動關(guān)系，它所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。,I found them painting the windows. （現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行） I found the windows painted. （過去分詞表被動、完成）,牛刀小試,1.My

32、mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A. sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing,D,C,3.I watched her_in the next room last night. A.dancing B. to dan

33、ce C. dances D. dance 4.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went 5.Youd better _a bus . A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching,D,A,B,1.I didnt spend al the money _(buy) the books.,2. Do you have anything _(say) at the meeting?,3. Yesterday I saw a wallet _(lie) on the ground

34、 .,4.The man ran out _(see) what was wrong .,5. She was often heard _(sing) in English.,6. Stop _(read), please.Ive something to tell you .,7. The boy _(call) Li Hua in the room is his brother.,buying,to say,lying,to see,to sing,reading,called,用所給詞的正確形式填空,8. The girl _(stand) under the tree is my co

35、usin Kate. 9. Books _ (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students. 10. Why did you keep your brother _ (wait) for a long time that evening? 11. I prefer _(read) books at home rather than _(go) shopping on Sundays. 12. He didnt finish _(write) the book until last wee

36、k. 13. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _(help) him think of a foreign name.,standing,written,waiting,to read,go,writing,to help,拓展精練,1.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before. A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look 2.My father has decided _ because smoking i

37、s bad for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke 3 It is kind _ me to carry these books. A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helping,D,B,C,4 Would you like _ some bread or biscuits? No thanks. I dont feel like _ anything

38、now. A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat C. having, to eat D. having, eating 5. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing,A,D,6.We are interested in _ to swim. A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning 7.My grandfather wants _around

39、 the world because he enjoys _new places. A. traveling , seeing B. to travel , to see C. to travel, seeing D. traveling ,to see,D,C,8. Jack gives me a piece of paper_. A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 9. Lets make a fire _ ourselves up. A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed

40、 10.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane _over my head. A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling,B,A,C,11.Thank you for us so well . A. to teach B. teaches C. taught D. teaching 12. I often do some on Sundays. A. washed B. to wash C. washing D. washes 13. The boy Jack in Class One is my brother

41、. A. call B. to be called C. calling D. called 14.It often takes me half an hour home. A. walking B. to walk C. walked D. walks 15. Dont forget her clean water every day . A. to give B. giving C. given D. give,D,C,D,B,A,16. I think it is important English well . A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. l

42、earned 17. The funny story made us all hard . A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 18. Our teacher told us hard at our lessons . A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 19. Could you tell me this newspaper ? A. to read how B. how to read C. what to read D. what read,C,A,A,B,20. I dont know ne

43、xt . A. what to do B. what to do it C. how to do D. to how do it 21. My hair is too long , so I must have it this afternoon. A.cut B. cuts C. cutting D. cutted 22.Remember last for class again . A. not to B. be not to C. not to be D. not to come 23. Mr Smith asked the man the queue . A. not jump B.

44、didnt jump C. not to jump D. to not jump,A,A,C,C,14.Why not with us ? You see , its very . A. go ; interested B. go; interesting C. to go ; interested D. going ; interesting 15. What about to the cinema tonight ? -Thats a good idea. Id like with you . A. going ; going B. to go ; to go C. going ; to

45、go D. go ; going 16.Everyone here is busy read for the coming entrance tests . A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets,B,C,C,17.weve worked for two hours . Lets a rest . A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D .stopping having 18. Would you mind me a favour（恩惠）？ A. do B. to go C. doing D. di

46、d 19. Mr Wang asked me him . A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping 20. Please tell Jim not late again . A. to B. be C. to be D. be to,A,C,C,C,23.Please dont forget to me , will you ? A. to write B. writing C. write,22.The boy wants his father a question about the moon . A. asking B. to ask C. ask D

47、. asked,21.Miss Yang asked the boy , the baby was sleeping in the room . A. to stop to sing B. to stop singing C. stop singing D. stop to sing,B,B,A,25.Its about six oclock, Lets supper now . A. stop having B. to stop having C. stop to have D. to stop to have 26.Wed better on the road . A car may hi

48、t us . A. not to play B. not play C. to not play D. dont play,24. Mother decided Tom away from school . A. to keep not B. keep not C. not to keep D. not keep,C,C,B,A.,27. Liu Mei helped the Turners their tickets on the train . A. pick B. look up C. pick up D. look like 28. I often see them with some

49、 foreigners . A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked,C,A,29. Do you still remember me somewhere Beijing ? Yes ,of course . Two years ago . A.to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 30.Parents must warn their children . A. to play with fire B. not to play with fire C. of playing fire D. playing fire,C,B,1.,3

50、1.This morning I saw a man on the street on my way . A.lives ; there B. lived ; to school C. lying ; to school D. to lie ; home . 32.He has given up tennis since he was ill . A.play B. to play C. playing D.plays 33. -Will you come to the net bar with me ? - Sorry , My mother always tells me there . A. not go B. not to