英語句子成分講解.ppt

1、句 子 成 分 分 析,句子用途,陳述句,疑問句,祈使句,感嘆句,句子結構,簡單句（5種基本句型）,并列句（同等概念、選擇、轉折、因果）,復合句：含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構，其中一個主謂結構作另一個的成分。,定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語,主語subject:句子說明的人或事物,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelt

2、er. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名詞）,（代詞）,（數(shù)詞）,（動名詞）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名詞化的形容詞）,（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）,謂語說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征,簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked af

3、ter two orphans. 復合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing,（三）連系動詞,其后面的成分叫作表語表示主語的 性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。,系動詞,Be 動詞,感官動詞： smell feel taste look hear,表示變化的動詞：become get turn grow stay,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They s

4、ent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名詞 ）,( 代詞）,(數(shù)詞),(名詞化的形容詞),(四)賓語動作的對象或承受者及物動詞或介詞的賓語,（不定式）,（動名詞）,（句子）,賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物. He gave me some books., 間接 賓語, 直接 賓語,please pass me the book. He bought his gi

5、rlfriend some flowers.,介詞后面的名詞、代詞和動名詞也是賓語，叫介賓,I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.,（五）賓語補足語有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a

6、hand.,賓語補足語：和賓語構成復合賓語。賓語和賓補之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關系。,1. They elected John monitor. 2. We call him Iron Ox. 3. The doctor told me to do more exercise. 4. They made her happy. 5. He is going to have his hair cut. 6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,（六）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句,He is a clever boy. H

7、is father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.,(形容詞),(名詞),(數(shù)詞),(名詞的所有格),(動名詞),(現(xiàn)在分詞),(過去分詞),定語后置： 如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置 The girl in red is

8、his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?,（七）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。,I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late tha

9、t I missed the train.,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.,找出下列句中的狀語,1. We often help him. 2. I really dont like the food. 3. He did h

10、is homework carefully at home. 4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.,_,_,_,_,_,_,時間狀語從句,句子成分詳解表,Exercises:分析句子結構,1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn Eng

11、lish well? 5）After he finished his homework, he went away.,6）He likes pop music. 7）The sound sounds strange. 8）The food tastes good. 9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.,Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesti

12、ng. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I c

13、ant hear a word! I said angrily.Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!,1 The film I enjoyed yesterday.2 The news listened to I carefully.3 Well the man the piano played.4 Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.5 Quietly the door he op

14、ened.6 Immediately left he.7 A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.8 Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read.9 This morning a book I from the library borrowed.10 The soup spoi1t the cook.11 We at home stay on Sundays.12 There a lot of people are at the bus stop.13 The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14 She beautifully draws.15 Music I like very