科技英語常見問題

1、科技英語常見問題,問題分類,語法問題 修辭問題 邏輯問題,語法錯誤類型,違反一致性原則 錯誤使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 用詞不當(dāng) 標點符號使用不當(dāng),違反一致性原則,代詞與名詞不一致（Pronoun/Noun Conflicts） 主語與謂語不一致（Subject/Predicate Conflicts） 主從復(fù)合句時態(tài)不一致(Principal/Subordinate Conflicts in Tense),代詞與其先行詞不一致,If one had considered the consequences carefully, you would not have agreed to sign the con

2、tract. 如果當(dāng)初認真考慮一下后果的話，誰都不會同意在那合同上簽字。,代詞與其先行詞不一致,In 1975, after the harvest of masson pine trees and the plantation of some native legume trees, plant species number increased rapidly. Up to 1982, they reached 119 species. 1975年，砍伐馬尾松并栽植當(dāng)?shù)囟箍茦浞N后，植物種類的數(shù)量迅速增加，至1982年已達到119個種。,Since the masson pine trees

3、were harvested and some native legume trees planted in 1975, the plant species there have kept increasing rapidly, and (they) reached 119 species up to 1982. Since the masson pine trees were harvested and some native legume trees planted in 1975, the plant species number there have kept increasing r

4、apidly, and (it) reached 119 species up to 1982.,指示代詞與其所修飾的名詞不一致,After he had obtained these evidence he drew the following conclusions: 當(dāng)他獲得這些證據(jù)之后，就作出了一下結(jié)論： After he had obtained these evidence he drew the following conclusions: After he had obtained this evidence, he drew Having obtained this evid

5、ence, he drew,In these literature the mechanism of secretion are rarely dealt with. 上述文獻對分泌的機理很少報道。 In these literature the mechanism of secretion are rarely dealt with. The above mentioned literature rarely dealt with the mechanism of secretion. The mechanism was rarely dealt with in the literature

6、.,指示代詞與其所修飾的名詞不一致,These kind of studies was not started until the new experimental equipment was imported from a developed country. 這類研究直到從一發(fā)達國家進口得到新的實驗設(shè)備后才開始進行。 These kind of studies was not started until the new experimental equipment was imported from a developed country. This kind of studies The

7、se kinds of studies,指示代詞與其所修飾的名詞不一致,不定代詞（Indefinite pronoun）與名詞不一致,Few of result obtained from the present experiment is consistent with those of the previous studies. 本實驗結(jié)果很少與前人的一致。 In the past, people knew only a few of celestial body in the universe. 過去，人們僅對宇宙中的少數(shù)星體有所了解。 Much have recently been d

8、one in the researches on the superconductors. 近來在超導(dǎo)體研究方面做了大量工作。,Few of result obtained from the present experiment is consistent with those of the previous studies. Few of the results obtained are Little result obtained is Few of the experiments are consistent with those of the previous studies.,違反一

9、致性原則,代詞與名詞不一致（Pronoun/Noun Conflicts） 主語與謂語不一致（Subject/Predicate Conflicts） 主從復(fù)合句時態(tài)不一致(Principal/Subordinate Conflicts in Tense),單數(shù)主語用復(fù)形謂語,They believed that the thoughts of ecological agriculture in developed countries had little scientific contents and was not feasible in practical production. 他們認

10、為，發(fā)達國家的生態(tài)業(yè)缺少科學(xué)內(nèi)涵，在生產(chǎn)實踐中不可行。 They believed that the thoughts of ecological agriculture in developed countries had little scientific contents and was not feasible in practical production. They did not believe had scientific content and were feasible ,The model of this reactive distillation process, as

11、 well as the simulation procedure were developed. The model of this reactive distillation process, as well as the simulation procedure, was developed.,復(fù)數(shù)主語（Subject in plural form）用單形謂語,A bond length of 2.535 and a bond angle of 104.3o was reported. 研究表明，鍵長為2.535 ，鍵角為104.3o 。 :angstrom After the key

12、problem had been over come, the rest was easily solved. 關(guān)鍵問題攻克之后，其余問題就迎刃而解了。,復(fù)合名詞,the rest, a few, few, people group, family, class, committee,違反一致性原則,代詞與名詞不一致（Pronoun/Noun Conflicts） 主語與謂語不一致（Subject/Predicate Conflicts） 主從復(fù)合句時態(tài)不一致(Principal/Subordinate Conflicts in Tense),主語與賓語時態(tài)不一致,We believe tha

13、t EO were strongly adsorbed on the inner surface of the reactor, resulting a sluggish response in the outlet concentration of the reactor when there were changes in the operating condition.,主語與賓語時態(tài)不一致,We believe that EO has been strongly adsorbed on the inner surface of the reactor, resulting a slug

14、gish response in the outlet concentration of the reactor when there have been changes in the operating condition.,主語與賓語時態(tài)不一致,We believed that EO was strongly adsorbed on the inner surface of the reactor, resulting a sluggish response in the outlet concentration of the reactor when there were changes

15、 in the operating condition.,主語與定語從句時態(tài)不一致,Last week we paid a visit to the National Museum of Nature, in which we have seen a lot of rare animal specimens. 上周我們參觀了國家自然博物館，看到了許多珍稀動物標本。 Last week we paid a visit to the National Museum of Nature where we saw a lot of rare animal specimens.,主語與狀語從句時態(tài)不一致

16、,He had to discontinue his undergraduate studies because his physical condition becomes worse and worse. 他由于健康狀況不斷惡化而不得不輟學(xué)。,時態(tài)與時間不相呼應(yīng),Agricultural production and laborproductivity rose significantly since 1979 owing to the economical reforms in rural China. 自1979年以來，由于中國農(nóng)村實施經(jīng)濟改革，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和勞動生產(chǎn)率大大提高。 has

17、increased significantly since,時態(tài)與時間不相呼應(yīng),In the postwar period Yugoslav economy has developed asymmetrical in which industry and infrastructure have been favored to the detriment of agriculture, having a negative result on the entire economic development. 在戰(zhàn)后時期，南斯拉夫經(jīng)濟發(fā)展很不平衡，偏重于工業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，損害了農(nóng)業(yè)，對整個經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生

18、了副作用。 In the post war period Yugoslavs economy developed asymmetrically (in an imbalanced way). Industry and infrastructure were favored, which led to the detriment to agriculture and thus caused a negative effect on the entire economy of Yugoslav.,語法錯誤類型,違反一致性原則 錯誤使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 用詞不當(dāng) 標點符號使用不當(dāng),關(guān)系代詞使用不正確,The

19、red region where located between the two dashed lines was assumed to be most sensitive to the coolant temperature. The red region which is located between the two dashed lines was assumed to be most sensitive to the coolant temperature. The red region located between the two dashed lines was assumed

20、 to be most sensitive to the coolant temperature.,從屬連詞使用不正確,Although measures were taken to avoid further oxidation of the product, but the selectivity was still very poor as revealed by the experiments. What effects of this sudden increase in the feed rate on the position of the hot spot will be di

21、scussed in following sections.,關(guān)系副詞使用不正確,In this paper, we examine the stability of this steady state when the cooling rate is increased. 本文研究了提高冷卻速率時的定態(tài)的穩(wěn)定性。 when-at the time when In this paper, we examine the stability of this steady state under conditions of increased cooling rate.,This is the re

22、ason because they gave up the research plan. This is the reason why they gave up the research plan.,語法錯誤類型,違反一致性原則 錯誤使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 用詞不當(dāng) 標點符號使用不當(dāng),用詞不當(dāng),動詞使用不當(dāng) 介詞使用不當(dāng) 等立連詞使用不當(dāng) 形容詞和副詞使用不當(dāng) 名詞和代詞使用不當(dāng),動詞使用不當(dāng),謂語(Predicate)動詞使用不當(dāng) 及物與不及物動詞混淆 動詞的固定搭配錯誤 非限定動詞使用不當(dāng),及物與不及物動詞混淆,The selectivity was increased to 80% after th

23、e coolant temperature was lowered to 220oC. Before elucidating this theory, we must first reply the following questions, which is the essential prerequisite for understanding it.,The selectivity was increased to 80% after the coolant temperature was lowered to 220oC. The selectivity increased to 80%

24、 after the coolant temperature was lowered to 220oC. 使動行為 自動行為,Before elucidating this theory, we must first reply the following questions, which is the essential prerequisite for understanding it. Before elucidating this theory, we must first answer the following questions, which is the essential p

25、rerequisite for understanding it. 及物動詞于不及物動詞 vi reply to sb/sth reply to a question, letter, accusation. reply with sth reply with a short note. vt He replies that he is busy.,動詞使用不當(dāng),謂語(Predicate)動詞使用不當(dāng) 及物與不及物動詞混淆 動詞的固定搭配錯誤 非限定動詞使用不當(dāng),動詞與介詞或副詞的搭配錯誤,Tritium must be controlled and confined in the defin

26、ite area of the process in a small volume. The recent R its patent right is exclusively owned by a company. We are not allowed to utilize this invention, for its patent right is exclusively owned by a company.,She would like to wear no clothes which will distinguish her from the others. She would li

27、ke to wear no clothes, which will distinguish her from the others.,The courses I am taking this quarter are : English, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology. 這學(xué)期我所修的課程有以下幾門：英語、社會學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、政治學(xué)和心理學(xué)。,The courses I am taking this quarter are English, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology.,As we all known, China possesses a large number of close relatives of cultivated plants, e.g. wild soybean, wild ri