2009年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級教材新增部分內(nèi)容

1、2009年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級教材新增部分內(nèi)容第四部分：閱讀理解（兩篇）第五篇Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of JulyLast Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off1 in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn2.A bottle rocket shot in

2、to his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.June is Fireworks Eye Safety Aw

3、areness Month, and through its Eye Smart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket, said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinica

4、l correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks related injuries hap

5、pen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in3 permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger acc

6、ounting for4 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless spar

7、klers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.詞匯：Fireworks n煙火 professional n專業(yè)人員Glaucoma 凡青光眼 abuse n傷害Cataract n白內(nèi)障 sparkler n花炮ophthalmology n眼科學(xué) Fahrenheit n華氏注釋：1set off：點(diǎn)燃2took a terrible turn：發(fā)生惡轉(zhuǎn)3result in：導(dǎo)致4accounting for：(指數(shù)量)占

8、 練習(xí)：1. What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? A He was burned in a house fire. B He was caught in a rain. C He was injured in a fight. D He was hit in the eye.2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to_. A celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks. B leave fireworks to prof

9、essionals in their celebrations. C stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether. D set off fireworks together with trained professionals.3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? A About 9,000. B About 4,500. C About 1,350. D About 30.4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in eac

10、h of the following EXCEPT_. A blindness. B permanent vision loss. C glaucoma and cataracts. D head-related injuries.5. Which is NOT true of sparklers? A They are harmless to children. B They are considered safe by many people. C They are a threat to the eyes.D They can burn at very high degrees.答案與題

11、解：1D短文的第一段講到，去年七月四日，Pete在觀看國慶焰火燃放時不幸被擊中眼睛。2B短文的第二段講到，美國眼科學(xué)會呼吁人們在慶祝國慶時最好讓專業(yè)人員去放煙火，而自己只作觀賞者。3C短文的第三段講到，在美國，每年發(fā)生9，000多起有煙火導(dǎo)致的傷害，其中有一半是頭部傷，而在這一半頭部傷中，又有三分之一是眼傷。4D前面三項(xiàng)危害短文都分別提到過，而headrelated injuries包含fireworks eye injuries，而不是由其導(dǎo)致的。5A短文最后一段說到，sparklers在許多人看來是安全的，但其實(shí)對于小于5歲的孩子來說，但其所有煙花造成的傷害的三分之一都是由sparkler

12、s導(dǎo)致的。顯然，它們不是沒有危害的第五篇呼吁今年7月4日安全國慶去年七月四日，彼德，一個l4歲的男孩正在他所住的街區(qū)欣賞照亮的天空和放煙花的巨響。突然，可怕的事情發(fā)生在這個夜里。一只爆竹射進(jìn)他的眼里，他馬上感到了劇痛。他的家人急忙把他送人急診室治療。由于這次受傷，彼德患上了青光眼和自內(nèi)障。今天，彼德那只傷眼已經(jīng)由于那次爆竹的傷害而永久失明了。六月是煙火與眼睛安全意識月，美國眼科學(xué)會想通過自己的亮眼運(yùn)動提醒消費(fèi)者讓專業(yè)人員去放煙火?！皼]有什么比7月4日歡度國慶因某人被爆竹炸傷眼睛而遭到破壞更糟糕的了，”約翰C哈根醫(yī)生(學(xué)會的臨床通訊員兼肯薩斯城的探索視力中心的一名眼科學(xué)家)，說道：“安全的慶?；?/p>

13、動就是讓專業(yè)人員放煙火，而你作觀賞者?！?根據(jù)美國消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品安全委員會的統(tǒng)計，每年由煙花爆竹導(dǎo)致的傷害事故超過9，000起。其中，將近一半都是頭部受傷，而頭部受傷者中約30是眼傷。四分之一的煙火眼傷導(dǎo)致了永久性失明。兒童是煙火燃放不慎最普遍的受害者。在美國50的煙火眼傷患者都是l5歲及l(fā)5歲以下的孩子。哈根醫(yī)生估算他每年在臨床實(shí)踐上能遇到三十多起由煙花炮竹引起的傷害。即使是那些人們認(rèn)為安全的煙花對眼睛也是一種威脅。對于五歲以下的兒童，看起來無害的煙火棒導(dǎo)致的傷害占所有煙火傷害的三分之一。事實(shí)上煙火棒燃燒的溫度能接近華氏2000度。第九篇U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Ch

14、ild Health Study in January A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Hea

15、lth said they hope the study, to be conducted at I05 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as expo

16、sure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said mor

17、e than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion. We anticipat1that in the long term , what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs, Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National

18、 Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be

19、 about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.詞匯：

20、Hereditary adj遺傳的注釋：1in the long term：從長遠(yuǎn)說來2sign up：使報名從事 3pre-term birth：早產(chǎn)練習(xí):1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to_. A conduct research. B track public health. C prevent or treat illness. D speed up development.2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT_. A genetic samples from

21、people in the study. B biological samples from people in the study. C samples from the homes of the women and their babies. D samples of air and water from hospitals.3. It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs_. A will be lowered in the long run. B will be significantly in

22、creased. C will be more than $200 million. D will reach $3.2 billion.4. The babies of the participants will be followed_. Athroughout their lives. B for more than two decades. C from birth to 21 months. D until they get married.5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study? A Theyll be from variou

23、s areas. B Theyll be from all income levels. C Theyll be from all educational levels.D Theyll be from all age groups.答案與題解：1C短文的第二段提到了此項(xiàng)研究的90al，即aim，這便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. 2D前三項(xiàng)在短文的第四段都有題記，第四項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是“參加研究的婦女及其嬰兒家中的空氣與水等物質(zhì)，”而不是“醫(yī)院中的空氣與水”。3A短文的第六段說到，預(yù)計從長遠(yuǎn)的角度講，此項(xiàng)研究將有利于國家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用開支的

24、節(jié)約。4B短文的第一段以及倒數(shù)第三段都說到，這些嬰兒將從出生前一直被跟蹤到21歲。5D前三項(xiàng)在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四項(xiàng)是錯誤的，因?yàn)檠芯繉ο蠖际菓言械膵D女，不可能是所有年齡段的人們。第九篇 美國將在一月啟動一項(xiàng)耗資三十二億美元的兒童健康研究項(xiàng)目美國衛(wèi)生部門官員在星期五稱：美國將在一月份啟動一項(xiàng)耗資三十二億美元的研究項(xiàng)目，此項(xiàng)目將對十萬名美國兒童的健康狀況進(jìn)行跟蹤研究，研究對象的年齡從出生前一直到二十一歲，這項(xiàng)研究預(yù)計將持續(xù)二十余年。來自美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的官員稱：他們希望此項(xiàng)將在全國范圍內(nèi)的一百零五個地點(diǎn)展開的研究，將有助于識J型IJL童早期生活對El后發(fā)展的影響，其目標(biāo)是研究出新的

25、治療和防止疾病的方法。此項(xiàng)研究將對遺傳和環(huán)境兩個因素進(jìn)行測試。環(huán)境因素如使嬰兒接觸某種有損健康的化學(xué)品。研究院表示，研究人員將收集研究對象的基因和生物樣本，以及母嬰生活環(huán)境當(dāng)中的空氣、水、灰塵和建筑材料的樣本。這些官員稱目前此項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)花費(fèi)兩億美元，而這項(xiàng)研究預(yù)計耗資三十二億美元。擔(dān)任美國國立衛(wèi)生院尤尼斯肯尼迪施萊佛美國國立兒童健康和人類發(fā)展中心的負(fù)責(zé)人的杜安亞歷山大博士對記者說：“我們期待從長遠(yuǎn)來說，此項(xiàng)研究成果將有利于國家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用開支的節(jié)約。”此項(xiàng)研究將于一月開始，屆時北卡羅琳娜大學(xué)和紐約西奈山醫(yī)學(xué)院將開始與報名參加此研究的孕婦簽約，合約中規(guī)定這些將要出生的孩子將被此項(xiàng)目跟蹤調(diào)查至二十

26、一歲。據(jù)此項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人皮特沙伊特稱。早期的發(fā)現(xiàn)圍繞導(dǎo)致近年來愈來愈普遍的早產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象的因素。研究院稱，研究對象將從農(nóng)村、城市和郊區(qū)廣泛選取，他們涵蓋不同的收入階層和受教育程度，以及不同的種族。第六部分：完形填空（兩篇）第二篇Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who 1 , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday. A

27、team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked 2 the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men _ 3 _ between 45 and 79. The seven-year study found that men 4 walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day had a 34 per cent lower risk of 5 from cancer than the men w

28、ho did less exercise or nothing at all. 6 the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hours walking_7_cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 per cent. The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sw

29、eden about their lifestyle and the amount of 8 activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results_9 _data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry2over a seven-year period. Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: These

30、results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily 10 such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly 11 Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK, said: This study gives us a clear indication that

31、men who exercise are less 12 to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to 13_the disease if they get it. Its not entirely clear from this studywhat role exercise plays in preventing 14 in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers3-and 15 exercise form

32、s a key part of this. 詞匯：Registry n登記簿 lead 口巧帶頭的注釋：1the period studied：所研究的時間段內(nèi)2data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry：官方紀(jì)錄在癌癥中心登記簿上的癌癥診斷與死亡數(shù)據(jù)3.prevent up to half of all cancers：避免各類癌癥不低于一半的數(shù)量練習(xí)：1A dont B didnt C wont D cant2A on B for C at D by3A ranged

33、 B aged C ranked D listed4A which B whoC whom D what5A recovering B turning C dying D surviving6A During B Since C Despite D Between7A and B butC or D with8A mental B physical C psychological D artistic9A upon B towards C into D with10A exercise B life C work D style11A people B men C adults D coupl

34、es12A possible B ableC likely D apparent13A lose B miss C treat D survive14A disaster B cancer C mistakes Daccidents15A random B rare C regular D rough答案與題解：1A本句前面提到men who exercise omen，與他們相比較的顯然應(yīng)當(dāng)是“不經(jīng)常鍛煉的男人們”，即men who dont。2C look at表示“觀察、研究”。3B between 45 and 79顯然指的是這些男人的年齡，因此應(yīng)選aged。4B修飾前面的men一詞，

35、因此應(yīng)選限制性關(guān)系代詞who。5C根據(jù)上下文可以得知，經(jīng)常鍛煉的男人“死”于癌癥的危險要小。6A此處顯然應(yīng)選表示“在期問”之意的during一詞。7C本段的第一句出現(xiàn)了walked or cycled，因此此處應(yīng)選or一詞。8B短文的第二段曾出現(xiàn)過physical activity，因此此處應(yīng)選physical一詞。9D將一件事與另一件事進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)是comparewith。10A根據(jù)上下文意即本句接下來給出的such as walking or cycling，不難推斷此處應(yīng)選exercise一詞。11B短文的題目以及之前一直都在談?wù)撃腥诉\(yùn)動與否與癌癥的關(guān)系，此處顯然應(yīng)選men。12C前面多

36、次提到，堅持經(jīng)常性運(yùn)動的男人死于癌癥的可能性要小，possible和likely在漢語里都可譯作“可能的”，但在英語中意思區(qū)別很大，前者側(cè)重于“存在”的客觀趨勢，后者側(cè)重于對“存在”的預(yù)期，因而可以說It is possible for them to do，而不說they are possible to do，所以應(yīng)選likely。13D既然堅持經(jīng)常性運(yùn)動的男人死于癌癥的可能性要小，那么不難推斷這種男人即使得了癌癥，存活下來的可能性也應(yīng)更大些。14B短文全篇都在談?wù)撃腥诉\(yùn)動與患癌癥的關(guān)系，此外，接下來又出現(xiàn)了prevent up to halfof all cancers，因此此處應(yīng)選can

37、cer。15.C前面提到每天運(yùn)動帶給男人的好處，因此此處應(yīng)選regular，表示“經(jīng)常性的”第二篇 運(yùn)動有助于降低男士癌癥死亡率 昨天，英國癌癥期刊發(fā)表的最新研究指出，經(jīng)常運(yùn)動的男士和不運(yùn)動的男士相比，患癌癥死亡的可能性更低。 瑞典卡羅琳學(xué)院的一組科學(xué)家以年齡在45歲到79歲之間的40，708名男士為研究對象，觀察了體育運(yùn)動和癌癥風(fēng)險之間的聯(lián)系。 這項(xiàng)為期七年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天散步或者騎車30分鐘的男士因癌癥而死亡的風(fēng)險比那些很少運(yùn)動或者根本不運(yùn)動的人低34。在所研究的時間內(nèi)，有3，714人的癌癥惡化，1，153人因病死亡。研究人員提出每天散步或者騎車半個小時能使這些人的存活率提高33。 研究人

38、員對瑞士中部兩個縣的男士的生活方式和平時的運(yùn)動量進(jìn)行了調(diào)查、分析，將得出的結(jié)果與官方紀(jì)錄在癌癥中心登記簿上的癌癥診斷與死亡數(shù)據(jù)做了對比。 小組負(fù)責(zé)人埃里卡沃爾克(Alicja Wolk)教授說：“調(diào)查結(jié)果第一次清楚的顯示，日常最簡單的散步、騎車等活動能降低中老年男士患癌癥死亡的風(fēng)險。” 英國癌癥研究所癌癥信息部主任萊斯雷沃克(Lesley Walker)博士講到：“從這項(xiàng)研究中我們可以清楚的看到，經(jīng)常運(yùn)動的人死于癌癥的可能性更低，而且即便是得了癌癥，也有多存活下來的機(jī)會。雖然這項(xiàng)研究對運(yùn)動在男士預(yù)防癌癥中的作用還沒有完全清楚的說明，但是我們的確能發(fā)現(xiàn)健康的生活方式能避免一半以上的各類癌癥發(fā)生其

39、中經(jīng)常運(yùn)動是健康生活的重要組成部分。第五篇Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of1 an intimate partner their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look 1 domestic violence and health among men. Many men actually do experience domestic violenc

40、e, although we dont hear about it 2 , Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the authors, told Reuters Health. They often dont tell 3 we dont ask. We want to message out2 to men who 4 experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources availabl

41、e to 5 The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical 6 such as threats that made them 7 for3 their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 1

42、4.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner 8 in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and 9 ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 mont

43、hs. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of 10 violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violet men 11 was physical. However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as 12 stuff, women in a previous study; 20 p

44、ercent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compare to 61 percent of_13_Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problems 14 those who had not, especially older men, the 15 found.詞匯：Intimate 口巧親密的 name-calling n辱罵Abuse 凡傷害注釋：1at the hands of：出自某人之手，從某人那里2get the message out：傳達(dá)這樣一個信息3fear for：為擔(dān)憂練習(xí)：1. A by B at C on D for2. A never B often C ever D now3. A and B butC yet D unless4. A to B no C do D go5. A us B him C you D them6. A strength B labor C abuse D exercise7. A hope B fear C wait