人教版高中必修三第一單元情態(tài)動(dòng)詞語法.ppt

1、熱身導(dǎo)入 Can you list some modal verbs that you remembered?,modal verbs,Can/could,May/might,Will/would,Shall/should,must,Ought to,Used to,dare,Be able to,need,Have to,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征,1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought to和used to外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，will can dare 除外。 3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“時(shí)態(tài)”的形式并不是區(qū)分時(shí)間的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),自主學(xué)習(xí),自主學(xué)習(xí) Read page7-8 and lea

2、rn “can could be able to”,歸納總結(jié),Can/could (1)表示能力 （2）表示允許 （3）表示推測 Can/be able to“設(shè)法做成某事” 表自身能力 表經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的努力后所具有的能力 =manage to do /succeed in doing,例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_.A. might B. will C. canD. should,析：選C。該句用can的委婉表達(dá)式could 來征求對方意見，could 和might通用，但回答時(shí)必須要用can或may，因此該題

3、不選A.,歸納總結(jié),May/might (1)表示許可； （2）祈使句表祝愿 （3）把握不太大的推測（肯定句）can(疑問句和否定句),歸納總結(jié),Will/would 1 表示意志意愿 2表示請求建議 3表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 注意： Would/used to,歸納總結(jié),May/might (1)表示許可； （2）祈使句表祝愿 （3）把握不太大的推測（肯定句）can(疑問句和否定句),shall和should的用法,Shall (1)用于一三人稱，征求意見或提議。 Shall we go out for lunch? (2)用于第二、三人稱，表一種強(qiáng)烈的感情，如“命令，禁止，威脅，允諾”等. If

4、you dare do that, you shall be punished., The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. (2003北京春) A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 上述兩題均考查 shall的含義，當(dāng)shall 用于一、三人稱疑問句中時(shí)，表示征求對方意見；

5、用于二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。,should,should should用于構(gòu)成將來時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。should用于表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”“猜測”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 (1) 表示義務(wù)，責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)” 。 You should pay for your taxes. （2） 表示推測，可能性。意為“可能，應(yīng)該”。 Its mid-night, he should be home. （3） 表示驚訝和難以置信,表示說話人的感情(驚奇、憤怒、失望等)“竟然” 。 Why should he do such a thing? (4)shoud+have+done表示本應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際

6、上沒做,2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法: 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn) 之一。,mustnt 不準(zhǔn), 禁止 neednt 沒必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt 不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to ),Must/cant,1 must 表示“必須 ”“應(yīng)該” 2 must 表示“命令”“禁止” 3 must 表示猜測 否定式 cant/couldnt must+be Must+be doing Must+have done 過去一定做了某事 cant have done 不可能已經(jīng) Mustnt

7、 不許，不應(yīng)該,例1：-Must I start at once? -No, you_.A. needntB. mustnt C. cantD. wont,析：A。由語境可知該答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”，不符合語境，顯然應(yīng)使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。,反饋練習(xí)：workbook(p9),1 Discuss the exercises in group of four. 2 Give you reasons why you choose it.,Homework,1 Recite the modal verbs and their usuag

8、e 2 Do exercises p9-10 in workbook.,可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形),行為動(dòng)詞,.,need,dare,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問句中;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過去時(shí)dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,判斷正誤:,How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing

9、?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,need 的被動(dòng)含義：need，want, require, worth (adj.)后面接doing 也可表示被動(dòng) need doing =need to be done,表示推測

10、的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r推測,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許, 非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不在家） He may not be at home.

11、（比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家） He isnt at home.（事實(shí)）,二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示對過去情況的推測,（一）should /ought to have done本來應(yīng)做而未做，表達(dá)遺憾感情色彩,例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) had to write it out must have written it out C. should have written it

12、out D. ought to write it out,析：選C。分析語境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書面告知，卻有沒書面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。,（二）may/might have done可能已做 / must have done 一定已做/cant have done不可能做,例1：-Where is my pen? - I _it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldnt have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,D,（三）could have done指本來能做而實(shí)際未做，表達(dá)遺憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你本來可以至少