四級(jí)段落翻譯練習(xí)四-社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)

1、四級(jí)段落翻譯練習(xí)四【原文】中國(guó)政府高度重視保護(hù)環(huán)境，認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境關(guān)系到國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的全局和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，是造福當(dāng)代、惠及子孫的事業(yè)。中國(guó)政府將環(huán)境保護(hù)確立為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，在推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，采取一系列措施加強(qiáng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。特別是近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主、綜合治理、全面推進(jìn)、重點(diǎn)突破，著力解決危害人民群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題；堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，領(lǐng)先科學(xué)進(jìn)步，強(qiáng)化環(huán)境法治，發(fā)揮社會(huì)各方面的積極性。 經(jīng)過(guò)努力，環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞加劇的趨勢(shì)減緩，部分流域污染治理初見(jiàn)成效，部分城市和地區(qū)環(huán)境質(zhì)量有所改善，全社會(huì)保護(hù)環(huán)境意識(shí)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)?！緟⒖甲g文1】The Chinese government attach

2、es great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection has a bearing on the overall situation of China?s modernization drive and its long-term development and that it is an undertaking which will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also bring benefit

3、to their children and grand children. The Chinese government has established environmental protection as a basic national policy. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a series of measures to protect the environment. Especially in recent years, adhering to the principle of prevention first

4、, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those outstanding environmental problems that threaten people?s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law

5、in environmental protection and brought into full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to these efforts, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river basins has achieved some initial success,

6、the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the people?s awareness of the importance of environmental protection has increased further.【參考譯文2】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protect

7、ion will have a direct impact on the overall situation of Chinas modernization drive and its long-term development, and considers environmental protection an undertaking that will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also their children and grandchildren. Years ago, the Chinese governmen

8、t established environmental protection as a basic national policy and sustainable development as an important strategy, and has adhered to the road of a new type of industrialization. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a whole array of measures to strengthen environmental protection. Es

9、pecially in recent years, the Chinese government has adhered to focusing on preventive measures, comprehensive control and overall progress with breakthroughs at some key points, and worked hard to solve conspicuous environmental problems threatening peoples health. At the same time, it has continue

10、d its efforts for institutional innovation, relied on scientific and technological advances, strengthened the legal system of environmental protection, and brought into full play the initiative of people of all walks of life. Thanks to these efforts, although the amount of resource consumption and p

11、ollutants is increasing greatly, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction is slowing down; especially, environmental pollution control in some river valleys has seen some positive results, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved, and th

12、e peoples awareness of the importance of environmental protection has enhanced.【評(píng)析】 1.“高度重視”除可譯為attach great importance to，外，亦可譯為set（或put/lay） great/high store by/on?、lay（或put/place） stress on/upon?、give prominence to?和think highly of?。 2. have a bearing on?需牢記，該短語(yǔ)的含義是to have an effect or influence

13、on sth.。 3.“基本國(guó)策”的譯法basic national/state policy需牢記。 4.“突出（的）”也可以譯為salient。 5. “社會(huì)各方面”兩種譯文處理方法不同，均可參考。people of all walks of life系固定搭配。 6. bring sth. into full play系固定搭配，用來(lái)翻譯“發(fā)揮的積極性”很妥帖。 7. “經(jīng)過(guò)努力”切不可字對(duì)字死譯，否則必是中式英語(yǔ)。譯為T(mén)hanks to these efforts,才是準(zhǔn)確的譯文。 8. “進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)”譯為?has increased further不如譯為?has enhanced簡(jiǎn)

14、潔、地道?！驹摹恐腥A民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說(shuō)，以及其他許多也在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)和學(xué)派。這就是有名的諸子百家。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化有它的許多珍品，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛(ài)、強(qiáng)調(diào)群體、強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公，特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛(ài)國(guó)情操和吃苦耐勞、勤儉持家、尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德。所有這些，對(duì)家庭、對(duì)國(guó)家和社會(huì)都起到了巨大的維系和調(diào)節(jié)作用。 【參考譯文】 The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound,

15、 starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being

16、covered by the famous term, the masters hundred schools. From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relation

17、s, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country; and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teache

18、rs and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society. 【評(píng)析】 1.“中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)?！毕档湫偷闹髦^結(jié)構(gòu)，再仔細(xì)分析，可以做如下轉(zhuǎn)化：“中華民族博大精深的傳統(tǒng)文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)?！睋?jù)此將both extensive and profound作為后置定語(yǔ)譯出。整句層次分明，一氣呵成。此例具有代表性。 2.“早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說(shuō)，

19、以及其他許多也在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)和學(xué)派?！边@是漢語(yǔ)中典型的“無(wú)主句”，翻譯時(shí)可選用英語(yǔ)中的there emerge句型譯出。 3.“孔子”和“孟子”及后文的“孫中山”皆有定譯，絕不可用漢語(yǔ)拼音翻譯。 4.“這就是有名的諸子百家?！彪m然在原文中系一句話，但在英譯文中卻可以作為前一句的附加成分，所以處理為all being covered by the famous term, the masters hundred schools.。 5. “許多人民性和民主性的好東西”是在描述“許多珍品”的性質(zhì)，二者決不是并列關(guān)系，“人民性”和“民主性”可分別處理為形容詞populist和democr

20、atic，由于前文已提及“珍品”，所以同義詞“好東西”自然可以省略不譯。 6. “天下為公”和“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”均為常見(jiàn)熟語(yǔ)，考生對(duì)這類(lèi)熟語(yǔ)的英譯應(yīng)有較多積累。 7. “起到的作用”可以用play a role/part in doing sth.對(duì)譯?！驹摹吭S多專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，教學(xué)改革的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是要改變現(xiàn)在的課程設(shè)置和考試辦法，不要讓孩子只知道“頭懸梁，錐刺股，死讀書(shū)，讀死書(shū)”。他們指出，教育改革的關(guān)鍵在于使全社會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到中、小學(xué)教育的目的不只是讓學(xué)生掌握必要的知識(shí)，更應(yīng)該提高學(xué)生整體素質(zhì)，特別是他們對(duì)于人生意義和社會(huì)責(zé)任這些根本的問(wèn)題要有比較深入的思考。學(xué)校要在這些方面深入研究，選擇合適的內(nèi)

21、容和方式引導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生形成正確的觀點(diǎn)。如果學(xué)校只強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)教育而忽視了人生課程的引導(dǎo)，那么培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的只是一批文字或者數(shù)字機(jī)器，而不是準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入社會(huì)的預(yù)備人才。 【參考譯文】Many experts hold the idea that the highest priority in the reform of education system should be given to the improvement and reform in curriculum and examination system in order to avoid a generation paying undue at

22、tention to textbooks. They pointed out that the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that the high and primary educations are there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guid

23、e them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. As to the schools, they try their best to get a better way to gradually guide the students to an appropriate view over the world around them. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultan

24、t ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life. 【評(píng)析】 1.要想漢譯英做得好，掌握一定數(shù)量的英語(yǔ)句型必不可少。如開(kāi)頭的“認(rèn)為，”就可以用?hold the idea/view that

25、?或?be of the opinion that?譯出，這樣譯文才會(huì)地道。又如第二句“?的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是?”可以用The highest priority in?should be given to?譯出。2.“頭懸梁”、“錐刺股”、“死讀書(shū)”和“讀死書(shū)”其實(shí)說(shuō)的都是一回事，考生不必絞盡腦汁想如何逐字譯出，這在有限的考試時(shí)間里并不現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此只須吃透意思后用準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言譯出即可。paying undue attention to textbooks五個(gè)單詞就譯出了12個(gè)字的意思?？忌鷳?yīng)掌握這種技巧，在備考中有意識(shí)地訓(xùn)練。此例有代表性。 3.“引導(dǎo)”自然包涵“幫助”之意，help可略去。 4.“

26、文字或者數(shù)字機(jī)器”既可直譯，亦可譯意，參考譯文意譯為memorizing machines，這更便于理解?！驹摹刻髦闊o(wú)錫，位于江蘇省南部，地處美麗富饒的長(zhǎng)江三角洲中心地帶。這里氣候宜人，物產(chǎn)豐富，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是中國(guó)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景旅游城市。與萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城齊名的古京杭大運(yùn)河縱貫市區(qū)，泛舟河上，能領(lǐng)略水鄉(xiāng)的民俗風(fēng)情。 距市區(qū)七公里的太湖梅梁景區(qū)是太湖風(fēng)景之精華，碧波萬(wàn)頃，漁帆點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的黿頭渚巨石狀如黿頭，遠(yuǎn)眺煙波浩渺的太湖，被詩(shī)人郭沫若譽(yù)為“太湖佳絕處”。 【參考譯文】Like a bright pearl set on the Taihu Lake and situated in t

27、he center of the beautiful and fertile Changjiang Delta in southern Jiangsu Province, Wuxi is one of Chinas major tourist cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque scenery. Cutting through the city is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, an ancient project equal in fame

28、to the Great Wall. A trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the customs and life styles of the local people. Seven kilometers from downtown Wuxi is a popular scenic area known as Meiliang. There, the Taihu Lake is at its best: the vast expanse of blue waters is dotted by fishing boats against an enchanting background