語法填空專項訓(xùn)練---時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、語法填空專項訓(xùn)練-時態(tài)語態(tài)1. 時態(tài)。時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種： 10種時態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以do為例) 主要用法 一般現(xiàn)在時 do/does 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 一般過去時 did 在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 一般將來時 will/shall do 在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 過去將來時 would do 在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are doing 表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段

2、正在發(fā)生的動作 過去進(jìn)行時 was/were doing 表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作 將來進(jìn)行時 will/shall be doing 表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has done 表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài) 過去完成時 had done 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動詞，即“過去的過去” 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 have/has been doing 表示一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作 2. 語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是

3、動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式由be來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時的被動語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)就是“will be +過去分詞”。解題技巧在語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)，同時有一空是考查非謂語動詞，因此，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動詞的形式。例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their

4、 natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008廣東)分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，括號中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，再說短語動詞result in本身是不能用于被動語態(tài)的，故用主動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長這個成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事物發(fā)

5、展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填results。例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car. (2005廣東)分析：替代the box的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，place應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；因主語which (the box)與place (放置)是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；又因place這個動作發(fā)生在was caught這個動作之前，即“過去的過去”，用過

6、去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been placed。一、單句填空：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The house belongs to my aunt but she_ (not live) here any more. (全國I)2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江)3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全國)4. Population experts predict tha

7、t most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春)5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津)6. - Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?- Yes, since she _(join) the Chinese Society. (寧夏)7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too m

8、uch. (重慶)8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南)9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京)10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we _ (see) a fa

9、ll in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建)12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京)13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (遼寧)14. - Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. - I

10、 think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江蘇)15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川)16. -Did you go to the show last night? -Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). (陜西)17. - Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江)1

11、8. I like these English songs and they_ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽)二、語篇填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為3140的相應(yīng)位置上。(以動詞時態(tài)為主)(1) Itwas getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1_(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocke

12、t 2_(take) out my key 3_ I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that Ihad left 4_ on my desk in the office. It really didnt make 5_ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6_ now, so I knockedat the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7_

13、(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 _ (phone)saying that she 9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for meto do: I had to clime in 10_ a window

14、.(2) When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work 2_(quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it would,” said his mother, without 3_(pay) him any attention. Christopher 4_(k

15、now) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted 5_ (help) her. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift. “I 7_(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 8_(not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 9_(finish), he was quite pleased,10_(think) his mother 11_(like) it.“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down