非謂語動詞-表格

1、一非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞 位置 意義和用法 例句 不定式 動詞不定式必須放在所修飾詞（名或代）后 表示將要發(fā)生，應(yīng)該做的動作，說明動作在謂語動詞表示動作之后，具有形容詞性質(zhì)。 I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.有時(shí)根據(jù)意思的需要加介詞，這時(shí)介詞不能省略，因被修飾的名詞是它的賓語。 動名詞 動名詞放在在所修飾的詞前 說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)，具有名詞的性質(zhì)，它同所修飾的名詞間不存在什么主謂關(guān)系 He looked me with questioning eyes.a living room. 一般形式 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 在所修飾詞前，

2、有些放在所修飾詞后 說明正在進(jìn)行的動作，同它所修飾的動作存在著邏輯主謂關(guān)系 a sleeping boy, on the following day, developing countries, boiling water, for years running 過去分詞 在所修飾詞前，有些放在所修飾詞后 表示被動的意思，多數(shù)不及物動詞的過去分詞不能用作定語，只有少數(shù)表示動作改變的動詞表示在謂詞動詞動作之前完成 a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, faded flowers, developed countries, boiled wate

3、rWe have no time left.Fill in the blanks with the words given.短語 不定式 放在所修飾詞后 一般表示要做和應(yīng)該做的動作。 He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past. 1)一般所修飾詞是抽象名詞agreement, attem

4、pt, claim, decision, decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish2)說明被修飾詞內(nèi)容的名詞campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, stru

5、ggle, means3)跟不定式作狀語的形容詞生成轉(zhuǎn)化來的抽象名ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, impatience, reluctance, willingness 分詞 放在所修飾詞后 現(xiàn)在分詞短語有動作進(jìn)行之意。過去分詞短語有被動之意。 The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.This is the bird shot by the boy.My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days.

6、二、非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞 意義和用法 例句 不定式 表示目的，很常用。 He went home to see his mother.He came to ask a question.He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study. 表示結(jié)果，很常用。 She says so well as to bring down the house.Will you be so good as to tell him this?He is not old enough to do this.He is too excited t

7、o speak anything. 表示原因， He laughed to see them fall down.He wept to hear the news. 表示選擇和比較 She opened her lips as through to speakHe would die rather than give in. 表示條件 To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring. 分詞 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于狀語從句when, while。 He went through the papers while having breakf

8、ast.Since leaving school, I met him only once.常用于這些連詞后when, before, while, after, since 表示原因，有時(shí)同用作時(shí)間狀語的分詞難以分清，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句because, since, for 和 as。 Being ill, he didnt come.Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it. 表示條件，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句if。 Given more time, I can finish the work.Well not attack un

9、less attacked.Working hard, youll succeed. 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句 though, although。 Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句，這種分詞前通常有thus 或thereby。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 表示方式或伴隨情況，分詞短語沒有相當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句，漢譯時(shí)一般譯成并列復(fù)合句 They shook hands,

10、smiling at each other.The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.He lay on his back, his legs drawn up.He made the boy sit there, promising they would not hurt him. 表示方式 He sat there, as though waiting. 三、非謂語動詞作同位語 意義和用法 例句 不定式 不很常用 He has written two articles for the journal, on

11、e to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next. 動名詞 不很常用 I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening.His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary. 成分 非謂語動詞 意義和用法 例句 直接賓語 不定式 不定式的邏輯主語一般同謂語動詞的主語一致I want to read a novel. 用于該形式的常見的動詞有：afford, agree, ai

12、m, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish. 有時(shí)賓語省略不定式符號(常見的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, d better, d rather, d soon, He made believe he was correct.動詞不定式（短語）作賓語

13、時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足語，則可以用先行語it作形式賓語，而將動詞不定式（短語）后移作直接賓語He found it necessary to work hard at English.用于該形式的常見的動詞有：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand

14、, think.動名詞 動名詞的邏輯主語有時(shí)同謂語動詞的主語不一致Do you mind my smoking? 動名詞（短語）作賓語時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足語則可以用先行詞it作形式賓語，而將動名詞短語后移作直接賓語We found it troublesome solving this problem. We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this.有一類動詞后面必須跟動名詞We enjoyed staying there. 常見的動詞有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid

15、, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.有一類動詞后面可跟動名詞也可以跟不定式1) 意義區(qū)別不大。He began learning (to learn) En

16、glish at the age of five.常見的動詞有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2)意義有區(qū)別a) remember doing sth 記住做過某事。remember to do sth記住要做某事。b)forget doing sth忘記做過某事。forget to do sth 記住要做某事。c)regret doing sth遺憾做過某事。regret to do sth 遺憾要做某事。d)try doing sth試著做某事。try to do sth 努力做某事。e)mean doing sth意旨做某事。mean to do sth 打算做某事。f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。stop to do sth停下來做某事。g)cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事。cant help to do sth不能幫做某事。h)go on doing sth