初中形容詞及副詞用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、形容詞和副詞用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)一、形容詞的用法：（一）概念：形容詞修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征，通?？蓪⑿稳菰~分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi)，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1. 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞?！倦y點(diǎn)】2. 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞，這類(lèi)形容詞大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類(lèi)。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 （二）形容詞的種類(lèi)1. 品質(zhì)形容詞：英語(yǔ)中大量形容詞屬于這一類(lèi)，他們表示人或物的品質(zhì)，如：The play was boring. 那出戲很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face. 你有

2、一張誠(chéng)實(shí)的臉。2. 顏色形容詞有少數(shù)表示顏色的形容詞，如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件藍(lán)色的外套。3.-ing 形容詞：有大量現(xiàn)在分詞正在或已經(jīng)變?yōu)樾稳菰~，如： 4. ed形容詞：它們是由它們的過(guò)去分詞變過(guò)來(lái)的，一般有被動(dòng)意義，多數(shù)為品質(zhì)形容詞，如： She looked tired. 5. 合成形容詞： warm-hearted 熱心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的（三）形容詞的用法和在句中的位置1、形容詞在句中主要可用作： 1）定語(yǔ)： What a fine day! 2）表語(yǔ)： She looks happy. 3）賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（構(gòu)成合成賓語(yǔ)）：

3、 Do you think it necessary? 你認(rèn)為這有必要嗎？ 4）狀語(yǔ)： He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又餓又累的回到家里。2、形容詞在句中的位置：有的形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱(chēng)為前置形容詞；少數(shù)形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱(chēng)為后置形容詞。 1）當(dāng)名詞被多個(gè)前置形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞之間有一個(gè)先后順序問(wèn)題。一般規(guī)則為： （限定詞）一般描繪性形容詞表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞表示年齡、新舊的形容詞表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞（名詞）。如： There is a famous fine old stone bridge

4、 near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石橋。【重點(diǎn)】2）當(dāng)形容詞詞組相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，或形容詞用來(lái)修飾somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的時(shí)候，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)后置形容詞。如：The boy interested in music is my brother. 對(duì)音樂(lè)趕興趣的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣聞告訴我們嗎？二、副詞的用法：（一）概念：用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞叫做副詞。例如： not（不），here（這里），now

5、（現(xiàn)在）。不少副詞同時(shí)也可用作介詞或其它詞類(lèi)。如：Have you read this book before? (副詞，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 你以前讀過(guò)這本書(shū)嗎？He will arrive before ten oclock. （介詞，before ten oclock 是介詞短語(yǔ)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）他將在10點(diǎn)鐘前到達(dá)。（二）副詞的種類(lèi)1、時(shí)間副詞有三類(lèi)：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)之前義動(dòng)詞 1）表示發(fā)生時(shí)間的副詞： Its beginning to rain now! 現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始

6、下雨了！ 2）表示頻繁程度的副詞，也稱(chēng)頻度副詞always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)之前義動(dòng)詞: She often changes her mind. 她常改變主意。3）還有一些其他表示時(shí)間的副詞： He has just had an operation. 他剛動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)。2、地點(diǎn)副詞： 1）有不少表示地點(diǎn)的副詞： She is studying abroad. 她在國(guó)外留學(xué)。 2）還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形，跟賓語(yǔ)的是介詞，否則是副詞： 用作介詞： Stand

7、up! 起立！ 用作副詞： A cat climbed up the tree. 貓爬上了樹(shù)。3）以where 構(gòu)成的副詞也是地點(diǎn)副詞：Its the same everywhere. 到處都一樣?！局攸c(diǎn)】3、方式副詞1）英語(yǔ)中有大量方式副詞，說(shuō)明行為方式（回答how的問(wèn)題）： How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。2）還有相當(dāng)多的副詞，表示某些情緒： She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）還有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀況： He left the town secretly. 他悄然離開(kāi)了這座城市。【重

8、點(diǎn)】4、程度副詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞1）程度副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞，表示“到某種程度”： Is she badly hurt? 她傷得重嗎？ 說(shuō)明 這類(lèi)副詞除修飾動(dòng)詞外，還可修飾形容詞（a）或另一副詞(b): a. fairly simple 相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單 quite correct 完全正確 b. wonderfully well 好極了 do it very quickly 干得很快【重點(diǎn)】2）much 是一個(gè)特殊的程度副詞，它可以：a. 修飾形容詞等： Im not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。 b. 修飾比較級(jí)： You sing much better than me. 你比

9、我唱的好多了。 Their house is much nicer than ours. 他們的房子比我們的好多了?！局攸c(diǎn)】5. 疑問(wèn)副詞和連接副詞1）疑問(wèn)副詞： 疑問(wèn)副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊問(wèn)句： how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身體好嗎？ where: Where does she come from? 她是哪兒人？ when: When can you come? 你什么時(shí)候能來(lái)？ why: Why was he so late? 他為什么來(lái)得這么晚？2）連接副詞： 連接副詞意思和詞形都和疑問(wèn)副詞一樣，但都引導(dǎo)從句或與不定式連用：how: Do you know

10、 how to start this machine? 你知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器怎樣啟動(dòng)嗎？where: I dont know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪兒。（引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句） when: Tell me when youll be ready. 告訴我你什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好。（引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句） why: Thats why I came round. 這就是我來(lái)的原因。（引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）6. 一些其它類(lèi)型的副詞，如表示方向的副詞： Lets go inside. 咱們到里面去。 Take two steps forward. 向前走兩步。（三）副詞的位置1. 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通?？梢苑旁诰?/p>

11、首、句中或句末。如： Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作業(yè)。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6點(diǎn)起床。 Please speak slowly. (句末) 請(qǐng)慢慢說(shuō)。2. 副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常放在形容詞或副詞的前面如： These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容詞前） 這些花相當(dāng)漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副詞前）他工作很努力。 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形

12、容詞后）她已到了上學(xué)的年齡。3. 按一般規(guī)則, 既有地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)又有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前。如： We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我們昨天下午在教室開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看電視。說(shuō)明 形容詞一般修飾名詞，副詞一般修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一些形容詞后加上-ly可以變成副詞，如slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully等?！净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】（一）用所給詞的正確形式填空1. The Greens ar

13、e _(happy) to live in this _(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.2. The panda has been _(die) for about two months. 3. I like her dress. It looks very _(beauty).4. Dont feel _(worry) about your child. The whole class would be _(friend) to the new classmate.5. The _(finally) exa

14、ms usually take place at the end of June.6. Its _(possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.7. Its a _(please) trip for all of us.8. The children in China are living a _(color) life.9. It was an _(amaze) match. It amazed us.10.He felt very _(sleep) and fell _(sleep) soon when he lay in bed.

15、 11.We all had a very _(enjoy) time at the party. （二）選擇最佳答案 ( )1. These oranges taste_.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well( )2. I cant pay _ as he asked for. A. a as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price( )3. We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with

16、us ? I have to do many things this evening . Im _ , you see . A. free B. glad C. sorry D. busy ( )4. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.OK. Lets give him _to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something ( )5.The _person is talking with the do

17、ctor. A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness ( ) 6. The day is bright and _ . Lets go for a walk . A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy ( ) 7. Look ! _ beautiful that lake is ! A. What B. How C. How a D. What a( ) 8. -I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow. - I wont, _. A. neither B. either C. too D. al

18、so ( ) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _. A. too B. either C. neither D. also ( ) 10.That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out. A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ( ) 11. Whats on the desk? Its _. A. a new green bag B. new green bag C. a gree

19、n mew bag D. a bag new green ( ) 12. The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly ( ) 13. He_ to school to clean his classroom. A. always comes early B. comes always early C. always early comes D. come always earlier (

20、) 14. I got up_today. A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late ( ) 15. Alice_goes to school at seven. A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little三、形容詞的比較等級(jí)：（一）形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般情況加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“輔音

21、+y” 結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more或 most。如： 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicio

22、us【重點(diǎn)】3有幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化。 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest old older oldest（二） 形容詞比較級(jí)的用法 1形容詞的比較級(jí)可以單獨(dú)使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心點(diǎn)。 Which book is better? 哪本書(shū)更好？ 2也可以和than連用，表示兩者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名詞或代詞： He is older

23、 than me / I . 他年齡比我大。b. 動(dòng)名詞： Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 從句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)1形容詞比較級(jí)前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之類(lèi)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： Hes feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。2也可在比較級(jí)前any, no, some, even, still這類(lèi)詞：Do you feel any better t

24、oday? 你今天感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)了嗎？3比較級(jí)前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞：My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十歲?！倦y點(diǎn)】（四）形容詞比較級(jí)的特殊用法1和more有關(guān)的詞組 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，進(jìn)步越大。2) no more than 與一樣。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。3） more th

25、an超過(guò)，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有關(guān)的詞組 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多達(dá) 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少來(lái)了2百萬(wàn)人。 3) more or less 基本上 大體上 大約 The work is more or less finished. 這項(xiàng)工作基本上完成了。 3還有as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as 1)

26、not so/asas。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒(méi)你跑得快。 2) 當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/；as + manymuch +名詞。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。 3) 表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one.

27、 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。（五） 形容詞最高級(jí)用法1the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 說(shuō)明 形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。 注意：使用最

28、高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。 （錯(cuò)）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （對(duì)）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來(lái)。

29、例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容詞最高級(jí)的特殊用法 1. 形容詞最高級(jí)可用作表語(yǔ)，這時(shí)定冠詞the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我認(rèn)為她的計(jì)劃最好。 2.形容詞最高級(jí)還可和at 構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，如 at best, at least, at most等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最遲十點(diǎn)鐘就來(lái)陪你

30、。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】( ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more

31、interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for yo

32、u. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest

33、 B. the tall ( ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. sh

34、ort enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.

35、A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich四、副詞的比較等級(jí)：（一）概念：副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三個(gè)等級(jí)。其構(gòu)成方式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況。規(guī)則變化的一般規(guī)律是：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在詞尾加-er或-est; 多音節(jié)詞以及-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），前面加more 或most.。不規(guī)則的變化式只能采用“各個(gè)擊破”的辦法去記憶。1）規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) soon loud fast wide early happily caref

36、ully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距離）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副詞的比較級(jí)的用法1、單獨(dú)使用： Try to do better next time. 下次爭(zhēng)取干

37、好一點(diǎn)。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他遲早會(huì)回來(lái)的。 Please speak more slowly. 請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平時(shí)早。3、比較級(jí)前可有狀語(yǔ)修飾：You must work much faster. 你必須大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly

38、? 你能稍稍快點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？4. asas和not soas結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一樣”，后面的副詞要用原級(jí)： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一樣快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過(guò)去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我應(yīng)做的那么好。3）這種句子中也可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： She can read twice as fast as he do

39、es. 她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。（三）副詞最高級(jí)的用法：副詞最高級(jí)可修飾動(dòng)詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the:He laughs best who laughs last. (諺語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)笑在最后誰(shuí)笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我們四人中我唱的最差。（四）副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的一些特殊用法：副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)中。1）more and more 越來(lái)越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來(lái)越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越遠(yuǎn)了。

40、2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better 最好：Wed better not disturb him. 我們最好不要打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦？英語(yǔ)中考考綱基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)練習(xí)（形容詞和副詞）A卷選擇填空：1.Peter looked _ when he learned that he hadnt passed the final exam.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy2.Jack

41、did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even _. A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so _!A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty4.The car stopped so _ that the bus behind almost ran into it.A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D

42、, soon5.We must finish cleaning the office _.A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly6.What she said this time sounds _.A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly7.I didnt work _ my brother when I was young.A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, har

43、dly8.Im going to move _. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere9.Last year, 15 typhoons (臺(tái)風(fēng)) hit China and Khanun was _.A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest10.Its a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.A, clean

44、ly B, clearly C, clear D, clean11.When class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroom and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got _ to announce.”A, nothing important B, important something C, important nothing D, something important12.In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll m

45、ake.A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer13.What is _ joke you have ever heard?A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest14.This kind of material feels _ silk.A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different fro

46、m15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were _ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥物).A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular16.A: Is there _ in todays newspaper? B: Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.A, nothing new B, anything new C, new not

47、hing D, new anything17.Visitors in the orchard can eat as _ fruit as they want.A, many B, more C, much D, most18.All of us were very _ when we heard the _ news.A, excited, exciting B, excited, excited C, exciting, exciting D, exciting, excited19.Eddie, my best frind _ Ben.A, is as high as B, works a

48、s careful as C, doesnt sing as beautifully as D, writes more better than20.Tom never does his homework _ Alice. So he makes more mistakes. A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than21.Water pollution is one of _ in our country.A, serious problem B, the more serio

49、us problemsC, most serious problems D, the most serious problems22.The pizza was too small, so she decided to look for _ to eat.A, large something B, something else C, something other D, other something23.We are too tired and hungry. So our steps are getting _.A, slow and slower B, slower and slowest C, slower and slower D, more and more slowly24.Most