牛津英語上海版6A_基礎知識解析(unit1-5)

1、Unit11. Words & expressionsfamily tree家譜relative (n.)親戚grandson (n.)孫子granddaughter (n.)孫女cousin (n.)堂兄弟，堂姐妹nephew (n.)外甥niece (n.)侄女，外甥女else (adv.)另外，其他able (adj.)能的；ability (n.)能力；enable (v.)使.能夠 tell sb. about sth.告訴某人關于某事cook the dishes做菜show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.給某人看某物wash the dishes洗碟子pl

2、ay games做游戲do a puzzle猜字謎go shopping去購物2.Language structure(1) 詢問信息v Who is this?/Who are these?這是誰？/這些是誰？v How old is.? .幾歲？v A：How many.have you got?你有多少.? B：I have got . / I have only got one.我有./我只有一個. A：What do you usually do with your.?你通常和你的.做.? B：I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth. with

3、 my.我總是/通常/有時候/從不和我的.做.(2) 介紹This is./These are.這是./這些是.(3) 表示祝愿Happy birthday!生日快樂！(4) always, usually, often, sometimes, never等被稱為頻度副詞，通常情況下常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子中，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作或自然現(xiàn)象或事實。always表示動作的重復頻率最高，usually其次，sometimes再次，never表示動作從未發(fā)生。I often tell him about school.我經(jīng)常告訴他關于學校的事。I never show them my homew

4、ork.我從未給他們看我的家庭作業(yè)。(5) 形容詞比較級的用法：Your brother looks shorter than you.你的兄弟看上去比你矮。Your uncle looks older than mine.你的叔叔看上去比我的叔叔年紀大。(6) look（連系動詞）+ adj. “看起來.”Jim looks happy today.Unit21. Words & expressionsfriend (n.)朋友; friendly (adj.)友好的love (n.)愛；lovely (adj.)可愛的helpful (adj.)樂于助人的；helpless (adj.)無

5、助的help (v./n.)幫助help each other相互幫助help sb. with sth.幫助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事angry (adj.)生氣的；anger (n.)生氣angrily (adv.)生氣地 be together一起be kind to sb.對某人和善share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物 tell a lie撒謊在具體的某一天用介詞onon Saturday在周六on a winter night在冬天的一個晚上on May 9在五月九日look after sb. = take care of s

6、b.照顧某人look after sb. well = take good care of sb.好好照顧某人find (v.)找到（不經(jīng)意找到）find out找到（經(jīng)過努力找到）fook for尋找（不知道結果）pick up拾起，撿起put sth. into sp.把某物放在某地promise to do sth.承諾做某事keep ones promise遵守某人的諾言make friends with sb.與某人交朋友the friend of the earth地球的朋友2. Language structure(1) 詢問信息l A：What do you like to d

7、o with your friend?你和朋友喜歡做什么？ B：We like to . together.我們喜歡一起做.l What do you like about him/her?你認為他/她怎樣？l How can we look after the environment?我們怎樣來照顧環(huán)境？(2) 描述n We like to be together.我們喜歡在一起。n She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise.她總是努力工作并遵守她的諾言。(3) 表示承諾We promise to do.我們承諾做.

8、(4) 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語的陳述句：Jim is a hardworking student.吉姆是一位努力學習的學生。She is never angry.He never tells a lie.(5) already, just和yet的用法：u 時間副詞：already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛），yet（還） already和just用于肯定句，置于句中、句尾皆可，yet用于否定句和疑問句中，通常放在句尾。常用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，其基本形式：have/has + 過去分詞。例如，Have you been to the Ocean

9、 park yet, Winnie?溫妮，你曾經(jīng)去過海洋公園嗎？No, I havent been there yet.不，我還沒去過那里。Yes, Ive already been there.是的，我已經(jīng)去過那里。Yes, Ive just been to the Ocean Park.是的，我剛剛去過海洋公園。u have been to.和have been there的區(qū)別have been to后跟表示地點的名詞，而have been there中there是表示地點的副詞，后面不能再跟地點。例如，I have already been to Shanghai Museum.我已經(jīng)

10、去過上海博物館。Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.I have already been there.東方明珠電視塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已經(jīng)去過那里。 Unit31. Words & expressionsaround (prep.)圍繞，繞著round (prep./adj)圍繞，繞著/圓的例如，They are sitting around the teacher. 他們坐在老師周圍。The green ball is almost round.這個綠球幾乎是圓的。 be far away f

11、rom遠離(opp.)be near.在附近at weekends = at the weekend在周末go shopping去購物bring sb. Sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物帶給某人on(island)在（小島上）on Lucky Island在幸運島上a photograph of my family and me一張我和我家人的照片Botanical Gardens植物園a shopping mall大型購物商場department store百貨大樓collect (v.)收集collection (n.)收藏，收藏品visit (v.)參觀visito

12、r (n.)參觀者lie (v.)躺 (pt.) lay，(pp.) lain， (pres p) lying2.Language structure(1) get there到達那里注意：home, here, there等地點副詞前不加to，例如，arrive home到家，arrive at school到學校，come here到這里，come to my office到我辦公室(2) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy ones time玩得愉快(3) forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事；forget doing sth.忘

13、記曾經(jīng)做過某事，例如，Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.當你離開教室的時候不要忘記把燈關上。I forget meeting you a year ago.我忘記了一年前曾經(jīng)遇見過你。(4)征求對方意見What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）怎么樣？(5)Where have you been in?你去過.的哪些地方？例如，Where have you been in Garden City?你去過花園城市的哪些地方？Unit41.Words & expressionsBus

14、inesswoman (n.)婦女實業(yè)家其復數(shù)為：businesswomenfish (n.)(1) 魚肉UN(2) 魚（各種種類）CN其復數(shù)為：fishes例如，Help yourself to some fish.Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning.工人每天早上把魚送到超市。There are different fishes in the sea.在海里有不同種類的魚。policeman (n.)警察 (pl. policemen)start/finish work開始/結束工作例如，I start work at ha

15、lf past seven in the morning and finish work at eight oclock in the evening. start to do sth.=start doing sth.開始做某事finish doing sth.結束做某事businessman (n.)商人其復數(shù)為：businessmensecretary (n.)秘書 (pl. secretaries)cook (v./n.)烹調(diào)/廚師cooker (n.)蒸煮器，炊具cooking (n.)烹調(diào)術 a bank clerk一位銀行職員teach (v.)教； teacher (n.)教師

16、put out fires撲火drive (v.)駕駛； driver (n.)司機too much + n.u太多的例如，too much timemuch too + adj.太例如，much too cold太冷了make sick people better使病人病情好轉2.Language structure(1) would (not) like to be/do表達愿望，表示（不）想做某事。（相當于want to be/do，是較為婉轉的表示法.)I would縮寫為Id；would not縮寫為wouldnt，例如，I would like to have coffee.我想要

17、喝咖啡。I would like fish.我想要魚。-Would you like to be a driver?你想成為一名司機嗎？-Yes, I would./ No, I wouldnt.是的，我想。/不，我不想。注意：like用作動詞時翻譯為“喜歡”，其用法是l like to do sth.l like doing sth.l like sth.例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜歡畫畫。(2) spend (spent, spent)花費v spend (time/money) in doing sth.花費時間或金錢做某事，in可

18、以省略v spend (time/money) on sth.花費時間或金錢在某事或某物上，on不可以省略，例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework.我們經(jīng)?；ㄙM一小時做作業(yè)。He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday.(3) 用because原因狀語從句來說明理由。because“因為”，提問要用why，例如，-Why would you like to be a teacher?-I would like to

19、be a teacher because I want to teach children.Unit51.Words & expressionschoir (n.)歌隊，唱詩班，唱詩隊school choir校合唱隊programme (vi.)編程序 (n.)活動安排;(電視)節(jié)目;節(jié)目單entrance (n.)入口enter (v.)進入 = come/go intoschool hall學校劇場English club英語俱樂部gym體育館，健身房listen to聽（強調(diào)聽的動作）hear聽（強調(diào)聽的結果）I listened to the teacher carefully, bu

20、t I couldnt hear anything.finally (adv.)最后final (adj.)最后的the final exam期末考試arrive (vi.)到達arrive at(小地方) = get to = reacharrive at school到達學校arrive in(大地方) = get to = reacharrive in Shanghai到達上海注意：arrive home/get home到家arrival (n.)到達Open Day家長開放日invite (v.)邀請invite sb. To sp.邀請某人到某地invitation (n.)請柬；

21、邀請staff room教工休息室covered playground室內(nèi)體育場route (n.)路線，路徑，航線，路，線路the art and craft room美術及勞技教室music room音樂教室2.Language structure(1) 用將來時談論將來的事情will + 動詞原形，一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例如，The school choir will sing at two fifty.(2) 用副詞表達事情的進展順序。例如，F(xiàn)irst;Next.;Then.;After that.;Finally.(3) 學習用介詞表示時間。例如，2:40-twenty to

22、 three/two forty2:20-twenty past two/two twenty(4) 表示順序的數(shù)詞稱為序數(shù)詞；在哪一棟樓和房間的門牌號用基數(shù)詞，在哪一層樓用序數(shù)詞，例如，room1002，on the second floor注意： 一般在基數(shù)詞后面加th構成序數(shù)詞，但有些詞有特殊變化，例如，onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth20至90這樣的整十數(shù)字變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，只需把詞尾的字母y改為ie, 再加th即可，例如，twentytwentieth；在表達

23、第幾十幾，第幾百幾時，只需將個位改為序數(shù)詞即可，例如，twenty-twotwenty-second 序數(shù)詞總是和定冠詞the連用。例如， the first lesson(5) Kitty and her classmates took some photos for the English Club on the Open Day. Kitty和她的同學在家長開放日為英語俱樂部拍了一些照片。這一句是一般過去時，句中took是take的過去式，表示過去發(fā)生的事情。本單元要牢記的動詞過去式還有：listenlistened， visitvisited， arrivearrived，haveha

24、d， looklooked典型練習題：I.Choose the best answer1. Mum spends one hour _ food every day.A. to cook B.cook C.cooking D.cooked解析：本題考察動詞spend的用法，其結構是“spend + 時間或金錢 + （in）doing sth.因此應選擇C項。2. There is _ information board in our school.We can get some information about our school from it.A. an B.one C.the D./

25、解析：information是個不可數(shù)名詞，但是中心名詞是后面的可數(shù)名詞board，因此選擇A項。3. Canada is _ the United States, but China is _ it.A. far away from, near B.near, far away fromC.near, away from D.away from, near解析：本題考察be far away from sp.及其反義詞be near sp.的用法，并且根據(jù)地理知識可判斷出選擇B項。4. -What are the foreigners doing now, Grace? -Theyre listening to our