Unit9Insurance.ppt

1、Unit NineInsurance,The Reason for Insurance,The export or import trade is subject to many risks. Fire, storm, collision, theft, leakage, explosionMore can be added to this list. All cargo owners take the risks of loss through the perils. Insurance is a process for spreading risks, so that the burden

2、 of any loss is borne not by the unfortunate individual directly affected but by the total body of persons under consideration. In return for a payment paid by the insured, an insurance company will agree to compensate the insured person in the event of losses during the period of insurance.,Marine

3、Insurance 海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn),Risks, Losses and Expenses,Risks Perils of the sea 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Extraneous risks 附加險(xiǎn),Natural calamities: vile weather, thunder and lightning, tsunami, earthquake, floods, etc.,Fortuitous accidents: ship stranded, striking upon the rocks, ship sinking, collision, missing, colliding with iceber

4、gs or other objects, fire, explosion, etc.,General extraneous risks,Special extraneous risks,Losses Total loss Partial loss,Risks, Losses and Expenses,Actual total loss 實(shí)際全損,Constructive total loss 推定全損,General average 共同海損,Particular average 單獨(dú)海損,Total Loss 全部損失，全損,Total loss refers to the total lo

5、ss of the entire shipment caused by the occurrence of one of the perils of the sea, such as fire or some other reasons. 全損是指運(yùn)輸?shù)恼浳锘虿豢煞指畹囊慌浳锶繐p失。,Actual Total Loss 實(shí)際全損,Actual total loss occurs where the insured goods have been totally lost or damaged, or found to be totally valueless on arrival.實(shí)際

6、全損是指保險(xiǎn)貨物完全滅失，或者完全喪失商業(yè)價(jià)值，失去原有用途(如,食品變質(zhì))，或者因喪失無(wú)法挽回，如船舶失蹤或船舶被海盜劫持。,Constructive Total Loss 推定全損,Constructive total loss is found in the case where an actual total loss appears to be unavoidable or the cost in recovering or reconditioning the goods together with the forwarding cost to the destination na

7、med in the policy would exceed their value on arrival. 推定全損是指被保險(xiǎn)貨物受損后，雖未達(dá)到全部損失的程度，但花在施救、修理、收回和運(yùn)到目的地的費(fèi)用總和估計(jì)超過(guò)原貨物在目的地的價(jià)值。,Partial Loss 部分損失,Partial loss refers to the loss of part of a consignment.部分損失指貨物的損失沒(méi)有達(dá)到全部損失的程度。,General Average 共同海損,General average (loss). It goes to the situation where a ship

8、 is in danger, and somebodys cargo has to be abandoned thus one of the shippers will suffer. To cover this situation the concept of general average was introduced. It means that whichever shipper loses all or part of his cargo, all the others will club together to recompense him for his loss.,Genera

9、l Average 共同海損,共同海損是指在同一海上航程中，當(dāng)船舶、貨物和其它財(cái)產(chǎn)遭遇共同危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，為了共同安全，有意地、合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊犧牲、支付的特殊費(fèi)用。 國(guó)際上有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，共同海損的犧牲和費(fèi)用由各受益方按比例分?jǐn)偅捍?、收貨方、運(yùn)貨方。至于分?jǐn)偡ǎ瑖?guó)際上對(duì)“共同海損”有個(gè)理算規(guī)則，叫“安特衛(wèi)普規(guī)則”，我國(guó)貿(mào)促會(huì)也有一個(gè)“北京理算規(guī)則” 。,Particular Average 單獨(dú)海損,A particular average loss is a partial loss which is suffered by the one whose goods are partly

10、 lost or damaged while others in the voyage (such as the carrier and other cargo owners whose goods were not damaged) do not contribute to the partial recovery of the one suffering the loss.,Particular Average 單獨(dú)海損,單獨(dú)海損是意外發(fā)生的，損失的僅指保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物本身的毀損，并不包括由此而引起的費(fèi)用。這種損失只能由標(biāo)的物所有人單獨(dú)負(fù)擔(dān)。,單獨(dú)海損與共同海損的區(qū)別： 造成海損的原因不同。單獨(dú)

11、海損是承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所直接導(dǎo)致的船、貨損失；共同海損，則不是承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所直接導(dǎo)致的損失，而是為了解除或減輕共同危險(xiǎn)人為地造成的一種損失。 損失的內(nèi)容不同。單獨(dú)海損僅指損失本身，而共同海損則包括損失及由此產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。 承擔(dān)損失的責(zé)任不同。單獨(dú)海損的損失一般由受損方自行承擔(dān)；而共同海損的損失，則應(yīng)由受益的各方按照受益大小的比例共同分?jǐn)偂?Risks, Losses and Expenses,Expenses Sue and labor expenses(施救費(fèi)用): arising from measures properly taken by the insured or the employee, e

12、tc. for minimizing or avoiding losses caused by the risks covered in the insurance policy. 施救費(fèi)用：亦稱營(yíng)救費(fèi)用，是指被保險(xiǎn)貨物在遭遇承保的災(zāi)害事故時(shí)，被保險(xiǎn)人或其代理人、雇用人為避免、減少損失采取各種搶救、防護(hù)措施時(shí)所支付的合理費(fèi)用。,Basic Insurance Coverages,FPA(平安險(xiǎn)): (Insurance) Free of /from Particular Average（單獨(dú)海損不賠, 只賠全損和部分損失中的共同海損） WPA / WA (水漬險(xiǎn)): (Insurance) With (Particular) Average (擔(dān)保單獨(dú)海損) Insurance against All Risks (綜合險(xiǎn)/一切險(xiǎn)): (承保平安險(xiǎn), 水漬險(xiǎn)及一般附加險(xiǎn)),General Additional Risks (under All Risks),1. Risk of Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery (TPND) 盜竊提貨不著險(xiǎn) 2. Risk of Fresh and/of Rain Water Damage 淡水雨淋險(xiǎn) 3. Risk of shortage in weight