順譯與逆譯課件.ppt

1、順譯,順譯法就是按照原文順序翻譯的方法。下列幾種情況都可以使用順譯法進(jìn)行翻譯：多個(gè)表示連貫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞并列時(shí)，英語和漢語往往都按照動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序來安排詞序；英語中的狀語或從句為了強(qiáng)調(diào)提至句首時(shí)以及英語中的介詞短語，副詞短語，分詞短語組成的“介詞+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí)。,例1. She had spent a sleepless night, and rising early, had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cooler air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. 她一夜無眠，早早起身

2、，披上毯子，迎著拂面的涼風(fēng)，憑窗眺望黎明。 多個(gè)連貫的動(dòng)作并列時(shí)，英語和漢語的語序一致，采用順譯法。 例2. If anyone comes, tell him to wait a few minutes. 如果有人來，請(qǐng)讓他等一會(huì)。 英語中強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí)，語序和漢語的語序一致，采用順譯法。,例3. If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arrange

3、d. 如果富國和窮國之間的談判獲得進(jìn)展的話，就打算在12月份安排召開部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議。 條件句的語序和漢語的語序一致，可采用順譯法。 例4. In four weeks I was my old self again. 四個(gè)星期后我就徹底康復(fù)了。 英語中的介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，和漢語的語序一致，可采用順譯法。,逆譯法,逆譯法就是不按照原文的語序進(jìn)行翻譯的方法。漢語在敘述動(dòng)作時(shí)一般是按照動(dòng)作發(fā)展的先后順序，進(jìn)行排列，而英語在敘述動(dòng)作時(shí)，更多的是使用各種語法手段將動(dòng)作的先后順序打亂。在翻譯這類句子時(shí)，應(yīng)按照譯入語的習(xí)慣重新整合動(dòng)作的順序。,逆譯法常用來翻譯“先議后敘”的句子。 It was a keen

4、disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算一月份訪問中國，后來不得不推遲，這使我深感失望。,Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form, structure, growth habits, and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic envir

5、onment, types of food supply, or mode of living. 在逐漸適應(yīng)不同氣候環(huán)境、養(yǎng)料來源、或生活方式的過程中，許多種類的動(dòng)植物在外形、構(gòu)造、生活習(xí)性甚至繁殖方式方面都發(fā)生了顯著的變化。,It was ironical to reflect that if I had not lived in France for so long I would never have found it necessaryorpossible to visit the American South.,It will take nearly 1,000 years for

6、women to gain the same economic and political clout as men if current trends continue, a UN report says.,His business connections with the pecunious great both in France and in England secured the foothold he has obtained on his arrival in Europe as a young man with letter of introduction to persons

7、 of consequences. 他初到歐洲時(shí)，還是個(gè)拿著介紹信去見名流的年輕人，后來和英法的大款們發(fā)生商業(yè)關(guān)系，這才站住了腳跟。,I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib. 半輪月光漸漸墜下，月光透過小床旁邊的一個(gè)窄窄的窗子射了過來，我趁著月光穿上衣服。,I feel that every book opens me a window through which I see an unthin

8、kably new world when the book tells me about never-heard-of and never-seen characters, sentiment, ideas and attitudes. 我覺得，當(dāng)書本給我講到聞所未聞、見所未見的人物、感情、思想和態(tài)度時(shí)，似乎是每一本書都在我面前打開了一扇窗，讓我看到一個(gè)不可思議的新世界。,Let me once more thank you for the constructive way you helped to settle all the problem that were in the way of

9、 signing the contract. 您本著建設(shè)性的求實(shí)的態(tài)度，協(xié)助解決了影響簽訂合同的若干問題，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再次向您表示感謝。,In December 1980, two bronze carriages, each with a driver and four horse, were found near a big tomb. 1980年12月，兩輛青銅馬車，每輛配有一名車手、四匹駿馬，在一座大墓附近被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 1980年12月，在一座大墓附近發(fā)現(xiàn)兩輛青銅馬車，每輛配有一名車手、四匹駿馬。,Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole

10、truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults. 凡是有頭腦的人都不會(huì)指望申請(qǐng)工作的人說出自己的缺點(diǎn)和更為嚴(yán)重的過失。同樣，他也不會(huì)指望廣告里的話全都是真的。,The Conservative party was hard hit when War Minister John Profumo was involved in a moral scandal that furnished the

11、British press with headlines for weeks. 國防大臣約翰.普羅夫莫卷入了一件有傷風(fēng)化的丑聞，給英國報(bào)刊一連數(shù)周提供了頭條新聞，這件事使保守黨受到了沉重的打擊。,Anthropologist Thomos Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow workers didnt mention it. 人類學(xué)家托馬斯.科赫曼舉出一個(gè)白人辦事員的例子。她上班

12、時(shí)一只手臂上綁著繃帶，因?yàn)樗暮谌送驴匆娝直凵系目噹s只字不提，對(duì)此她感到不快。,The American confessed to feeling what I believe most Americans would feel if a next-door neighbor passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presencesnubbed. 這個(gè)美國人坦承他感到自己受到了冷落，我相信如果隔壁鄰居隔著自己幾步之遙徑自走過去連招呼也不打一聲，大多數(shù)美國人也會(huì)有同樣的感受。,Not surprisingly, it wa

13、s an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told that her state pension would be cut by 12.30 a month. 有一點(diǎn)不足為奇，即對(duì)于像67歲退休銀行出納員莎碧.維特爾這樣的老人來說，這一變化是不得人心的，因?yàn)樗桓嬷?，她的養(yǎng)老金每個(gè)月要減少12.30美元。,The most important fact in Washingtons failure on Thursday

14、to be re-elected for the first time since 1947 to the UN Human Rights Commission is that it was Americas friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. 星期四，華盛頓未再次當(dāng)選聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會(huì)委員，這是自1947年以來的頭一遭。這件事中最重要的事實(shí)是，導(dǎo)致美國失利的是美國的朋友，而不是美國的敵人。,三 抽詞拆句法： The story took place in a bitterly-fought 1929 textile str

15、ike at Gastonia N.C. in America. 1929年，美國北卡萊羅納州加斯托尼地區(qū)爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)激烈的紡織工人大罷工，故事就發(fā)生在這場(chǎng)大罷工中。,Paradoxically, though they are the providers of food to the remaining mankind and constitute lifeline for the urban dwellers, yet the interests of inhabitants in many rural areas continue to be consigned to revolting

16、neglect. 盡管他們生產(chǎn)糧食養(yǎng)活了世界的另一部分人，維系著城鎮(zhèn)居民的生命線，然而，許多農(nóng)業(yè)人口的利益至今仍繼續(xù)遭受令人厭惡的冷漠忽視。說起來荒謬，但這卻是事實(shí)。,They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly participated in an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war. 他們可能已不得不蒙著一種臭名而終其余生，這個(gè)臭名就是：他曾貿(mào)然參與了一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)破壞了最高級(jí)會(huì)談，并且可以設(shè)想，還可能已觸發(fā)一場(chǎng)核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。,The Counselor for Commercial Affairs of China Embassy and the