傳感器(sensor)英文PPT演講課件.ppt

1、傳感器,制作人:XXX,Living in a rapidly developing society，we have the chance to enjoy many things people who has died can not.,But every machine can not work without many special devices in it. These special devices are called “transducer” or“sensor”,which are widely used in everywhere. Sensors to machine

2、is what sense organs to a people .Lots sensors make up the nervous system of the machine ,then the machine can be controlled by people to do what they want .,翻譯,定義： 能感受規(guī)定的被測(cè)量并按照一定的規(guī)律轉(zhuǎn)換成可 用輸出信號(hào)的器件或裝置。 作用：探測(cè)、感受外界的信號(hào)、物理?xiàng)l件（如光、熱、 濕度）或化學(xué)組成（如煙霧），并將探知的信息傳遞給 其他裝置或器官。,Light sensor,Light sensor is the most cur

3、rent production, one of the most widely used sensors, it plays an important role in automatic control(自動(dòng)控制) and non-electricity measurement mem()nt technology（非電量電測(cè)技術(shù)）. The simplest photosensitive sensor is photosensitive resistance(光敏電阻), it will create electric current when photons（光子） hit joint（結(jié)

4、合處）.,Working principle,Light sensors can converts light signals into electrical signals with photosensitive element sensor , its sensitive wavelengths is close to the visible light wavelength, including infrared wavelengthand ultraviolet wavelengths. Light sensor is not limited to light detection, i

5、t also can be used as a detection device of other sensors to test many non-electrical, as long as the non-electric can be converted into optical signal changes.,Hall effect sensor,Hall effect sensor,Measurethearbitrarywaveformcurrent,suchasDC,AC,andeventotransientpeakparametersmeasurement; Highpreci

6、sion.GeneralHallcurrentsensormodulesprecisionintheworkareaishigherthan1%,andtheprecisionissuitableforanywaveformmeasurement; Thelinearityisbetterthan0.5%; Highreliability.Smallsize,lightweight,easytoinstallanditwillnotbringanylosstothesystem.Inviewoftheabovehighperformancecharacteristics,theHallcurr

7、entsensorsgainthewideapplications.,Acoustic sensors(聲敏傳感器),Working principle The sensor is sensitive to a built-in to sound capacitive kpstv electret microphone（電容式駐極話筒）. Sound waves make the microphone electret film（駐極體膜） vibration vabre()n, result in the change of capacitance kpst()ns, and produce

8、 with the corresponding change of tiny voltage vltd; vltd. Then this voltage is converted into 0 to 5 voltage, and transmitted to the computer, after A/D conversion was accepted by the data collector.,Aplication,A. the sensor does not need to check it again, the software zero（調(diào)零）automatically. B. sa

9、mpling frequency must reach10000 times per second or more, otherwise，its not true and accurate to reflect the image of acoustic vibration. C. y coordinate of the image represents the voltage value corresponding to acoustic vibration . D. when cost limited , manufacturers can use positive and negativ

10、e signal output, such as: TZ 2KA and so on.,pressure sensor,Pressure sensors can be classified in terms ofpressureranges they measure, temperature ranges of operation, and most importantly the type ofpressurethey measure.,Working principle Best-in-class performance with 0.02% high accuracy Industrys

11、 first 10 year stability under actual process conditions Unprecedented reliability backed by a limited lifetime warranty SuperModule design platform enables more cost effective installation and maintenance practices Scalable functionality to meet your expanding needs,分類,按用途分類 壓力敏和力敏傳感器、位置傳感器、液位傳感器、能

12、耗傳感器、速度傳感器、加速度傳感器、射線輻射傳感器、熱敏傳感器。 按原理分類 振動(dòng)傳感器、濕敏傳感器、磁敏傳感器、氣敏傳感器、真空度傳感器、生物傳感器等。 按輸出信號(hào)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類 模擬傳感器：將被測(cè)量 傳感器的非電學(xué)量轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬電信號(hào)。 數(shù)字傳感器：將被測(cè)量的非電學(xué)量轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字輸出信號(hào)（包括直接和間接轉(zhuǎn)換）。 膺數(shù)字傳感器：將被測(cè)量的信號(hào)量轉(zhuǎn)換成頻率信號(hào)或短周期信號(hào)的輸出（包括直接或間接轉(zhuǎn)換）。 開關(guān)傳感器：當(dāng)一個(gè)被測(cè)量的信號(hào)達(dá)到某個(gè)特定的閾值時(shí)，傳感器相應(yīng)地輸出一個(gè)設(shè)定的低電平或高電平信號(hào)。 按其制造工藝分類 集成傳感器是用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的生產(chǎn)硅基半導(dǎo)體集成電路的工藝技術(shù)制造的。 通常還將用于初步處理被

13、測(cè)信號(hào)的部分電路也集成在同一芯片上。 薄膜傳感器則是通過沉積在介質(zhì)襯底（基板）上的，相應(yīng)敏感材料的薄膜形成的。使用混合工藝時(shí)，同樣可將部分電路制造在此基板上。 厚膜傳感器是利用相應(yīng)材料的漿料，涂覆在陶瓷基片上制成的，基片通常是Al2O3制成的，然后進(jìn)行熱處理，使厚膜成形。 陶瓷傳感器采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的陶瓷工藝或其某種變種工藝（溶膠、凝膠等）生產(chǎn)。 完成適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)備性操作之后，已成形的元件在高溫中進(jìn)行燒結(jié)。厚膜和陶瓷傳感器這二種工藝之間有許多共同特性，在某些方面，可以認(rèn)為厚膜工藝是陶瓷工藝的一種變型。 每種工藝技術(shù)都有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。由于研究、開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)所需的資本投入較低，以及傳感器參數(shù)的高穩(wěn)定性等原因

14、，采用陶瓷和厚膜傳感器比較合理。,按測(cè)量目分類 物理型傳感器是利用被測(cè)量物質(zhì)的某些物理性質(zhì)發(fā)生明顯變化的特性制成的。 化學(xué)型傳感器是利用能把化學(xué)物質(zhì)的成分、濃度等化學(xué)量轉(zhuǎn)化成電學(xué)量的敏感元件制成的。 生物型傳感器是利用各種生物或生物物質(zhì)的特性做成的，用以檢測(cè)與識(shí)別生物體內(nèi)化學(xué)成分的傳感器。 按其構(gòu)成分類 基本型傳感器：是一種最基本的單個(gè)變換裝置。 組合型傳感器：是由不同單個(gè)變換裝置組合而構(gòu)成的傳感器。 應(yīng)用型傳感器：是基本型傳感器或組合型傳感器與其他機(jī)構(gòu)組合而構(gòu)成的傳感器。 按作用形式分類 按作用形式可分為主動(dòng)型和被動(dòng)型傳感器。 主動(dòng)型傳感器又有作用型和反作用型，此種傳感器對(duì)被測(cè)對(duì)象能發(fā)出一定探測(cè)