肯尼迪就職演講修辭分析報告

1、Taking the oath of Office1. Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens:2. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom - symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning - s

2、ignifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.v 修辭分析：運用了Antithesis 的修辭手法，前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致，語義相反，容易吸引觀眾的注意，達到演講詞開篇引人入勝的目的。這里“a victory of party”和“a celebration of freedom”，“an end”和“a begin

3、ning”等等分別構(gòu)成對照，強調(diào)這不是一個政黨的勝利，而是自由的勝利，是結(jié)束也是開端，是更新也是變革。3. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the gl

4、obe - the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.v 修辭分析：該段子劃線部分都運用了Repetition的修辭手法。這里重復的使用主要是為了分清層次，加強演講詞的節(jié)奏感和音律美，使讀起來朗朗上口。4. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and p

5、lace, to friend and foe alike, - born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today

6、 at home and around the world.v 修辭分析：該段落劃線部分運用了Parallelism 的修辭手法?？偣舶ㄈM排比句，如段中所示，第一組是過去分詞引起的短語，第二組是形容詞引起的短語，第三組是定語從句。排比句結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,音韻和諧,語義緊湊,高潮迭起,極富感召力與鼓動性。排比的大量使用既能起到突出演講主題的作用,又能令句子流暢,讀起來朗朗上口,極富音樂般的節(jié)奏和感染力。5. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any bu

7、rden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.v 修辭分析：這句話運用了Repetition和Alliteration雙重的修辭手法。首先是頭韻法，如段中陰影部分，“pay price”“bear burden”“survival success”“friend foe”等這些頭韻法的合理使用不僅使演說朗朗上口,富于樂感,從而抓住聽眾的注意力,而且通過在詞首重復使用相同的輔音,使得音韻悠揚,節(jié)奏明快,增強了表現(xiàn)力,給人以

8、深刻的印象,為演說增添了光彩。其二段中“any”的重復使用使演講者觀點緊湊，重點突出，有能很有效的調(diào)動聽眾的情感，從而達到演講的目的。6. This much we pledge - and more.7. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there i

9、s little we can do - for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.v 修辭分析：段中劃線部分運用了Antithesis的修辭手法。這里主要是“united”和“divided”的對照，一方面使得兩句話對稱整齊，音律和諧，讀起來膾炙人口。另一方面強調(diào)了語義的對立，突出了“如果團結(jié)一致，我們就能在許多合作事業(yè)中無往而不勝，如果分歧對立，我們便會一事無成”這個主要觀點。8. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the fr

10、ee, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom - and to remember that, in th

11、e past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.v 修辭分析：該段劃線部分運用了Repetition的修辭手法，“shall”的重復使用使句式結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，重點突出，同時調(diào)動聽眾的情感，引起共鳴，很好得表達了美國政府的決心和信念。v 運用了Metaphor的修辭手法。用比喻來闡述道理，使聽眾于生動的形象中得到啟發(fā)，受到感染，折服于演說家。這一句既表明演說家的態(tài)度，同時也是對本段上文的形象化總結(jié)，這遠比講美國今后不會對加入自由國家行列的其他國家進行奴役之類的承諾有說服力得

12、多。9. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required - not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is righ

13、t. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.v 修辭分析：該段落劃線部分中運用了Metaphor的修辭手法。該短語將“mass misery”對世界各地人民的折磨隱喻為“bonds”，即枷鎖，形象生動地將抽象的事物變得簡單易懂，使聽眾易于接受和理解，并使能夠引起聽眾的共鳴，達到演講的效果。v 運用了Repetition的修辭手法。該句中“because”的重復使用一方面產(chǎn)生了音律美，使句式整齊勻稱，另一方面突出了演講者所要表達的觀點，調(diào)動了聽眾的情緒。v

14、運用了Antithesis的修辭手法。該句中句式非常對稱整齊，讀起來朗朗上口，簡潔明了，音律和諧。同時通過語義上的對立突出強調(diào)了“如果不能幫助處在貧困中的人們，美國也就不能拯救少數(shù)的富人”這一觀點。10. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting

15、 off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the ma

16、ster of its own house.v 修辭分析：該段落劃線部分中和運用了Metaphor的修辭手法。句中將其他國家比作“sister”，即兄弟姐妹，形象生動地將美國和南美國家的外交關(guān)系化抽象為具體，使聽眾對這種關(guān)系有了一種更為直接的認識。同時表明了美國愿與南美國家之間保持友好、平等外交關(guān)系的立場。中將貧窮隱喻為枷鎖，鎖鏈，突出了貧窮給人們帶來的苦難，同時也隱隱說明了美國的老大的地位，想要領導全世界。v 運用了Parallelism的修辭手法。劃線部分都運用了“l(fā)et.know that”的句式，使得演講詞非常的對稱，讀起來能夠產(chǎn)生一種音律美和節(jié)奏感。11. To that world

17、 assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support - to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to

18、 enlarge the area in which its writ may run.v 修辭分析：該段落劃線部分運用了Parallelism的修辭手法。段中“to.”引出了三個排比句，排比的使用使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)非常的整齊勻稱，增強了氣勢，加強了演講者對觀點的表達和傳輸。12. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before th

19、e dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.v 修辭分析：該演講辭中從第七段到第十二段開頭粗體字部分運用了Parallelism的修辭手法。又用了結(jié)構(gòu)相似或相同的句子形成了排比。排比和反復的重疊使用使語意層層遞進,增強了演講的氣勢,突出了強調(diào)的內(nèi)容,同時使演講詞讀來韻律節(jié)奏分明,鏗鏘有力。v 運用了Antithesis的修辭手法。使得句式結(jié)構(gòu)整齊勻稱，節(jié)奏感強，同時強調(diào)了美國提出的是一項要求而不是請求。v 運用了Me

20、taphor的修辭手法。這里將“nuclear weapons”隱喻成了“dark power”，生動形象地說明了原子武器的威力和危害性，也從側(cè)面突出了我們應該響應美國的號召追求和平，杜絕原子武器的危害。13. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.v 修辭分析：段中劃線部分運用了Repetition的修辭手法?！癇eyond d

21、oubt”的重復，有效地強化了語意，更富節(jié)奏感，使演講更有氣勢，同時加深了聽眾的印象。14. But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course - both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain

22、balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war.v 修辭分析：段中粗體字部分運用了Anaphora的修辭手法。首語重復的使用加強了演講詞的節(jié)奏感，營造了一種音律美。同時結(jié)構(gòu)上都是“both.”開頭的句子，句式非常整齊勻稱，在一定程度上也有利于吸引聽眾的興趣。15. So let us begin anew - remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.

23、 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.v 修辭分析：段中劃線部分交錯運用了Chiasmus和Antithesis的修辭手法。首先句中使用了交錯配列法，“negotiate”和“fear”在句中交錯出現(xiàn)，傳遞了一種非常精煉，深層次的思考，使句子呈現(xiàn)出一種莊嚴和嚴肅的氣氛，同時引導聽眾進行獨立的思考。其二也用了對照，這里主要體現(xiàn)在語義上的對照，即不要因為恐懼而去談判，而應不懼于去談判。16. Let both sides explore what problems unite us inste

24、ad of belaboring those problems which divide us.v 修辭分析：段中劃線部分運用了Antithesis的修辭手法。該句子是“explore what problems”和“belabor those problems which divide us”的對照，這一方面讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較整齊勻稱，讀來有種莫名的節(jié)奏感和音律美，另一方面強調(diào)了語義上的對立，突出了演講者的思想，即美國希望各國能夠一起探討使各國團結(jié)起來的問題，而不是操心讓各國分崩離析的問題，其實也是強調(diào)各國應該團結(jié)一致。17. Let both sides, for the first time

25、, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.18. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conque

26、r the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.v 修辭分析：段中劃線部分運用了Parallelism和Anticlimax的修辭手法。首先這個句子中多個動詞短語構(gòu)成了一個排比句，句式非常簡潔明了，結(jié)構(gòu)也非常對稱，節(jié)奏感也比較強，有利于演講者調(diào)動聽眾的情緒。其二漸降法，句子中“stars”“deserts”“disease”按事物的從大到小，從重到輕排列下來。19. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of

27、 the earth, the command of Isaiah - to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free.v 修辭分析：演講詞從十六到十九段開頭部分的“Let both sides”運用了Anaphora的修辭手法。首語重復的使用突出了演講者的重點，創(chuàng)造了節(jié)奏感，表達了講演者的感受和情感態(tài)度。v 段落十九中運用了Metaphor的修辭手法。這里把世界各國人民收到的壓迫隱喻為了“heavy burdens”,化抽象為具體，生動形象的寫出了人民受到的欺壓。20. And, if a beachhead of co

28、operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor - not a new balance of power, but a new world of law - where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.v 修辭分析：該段劃線部分中運用了Personification的修辭手法。句中“push back”即推動的意思，是人才能具有的動作屬性，演講者將bea

29、chhead擬人化，使的整個句子非常的生動活潑，仿佛躍然紙上，聽來倍感親切，易受感染。v 運用了Antithesis的修辭手法。對照在句中的使用使得句式整齊勻稱，又使觀點對立，突出了這份努力不是為了全球勢力的均衡，而是為了建立一個法制新世界。v 運用了Parallelism的修辭手法。21. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administrati

30、on; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.v 修辭分析：該段劃線部分中運用了Anaphora和Climax的修辭手法。一方面首語重復（anaphora）的使用使得句式顯得整齊勻稱，音律和諧，強調(diào)了要完成這些任務的艱難性。另一方面層進(climax)使得排列句子成分時,根據(jù)由淺入深,從小到大,從輕到重原則,依次排列“one hundred days”“one thousand days”“in our lifetime”,使語義層層遞增,起到加強語義的作用,突出了要完成這一切的任務和理想不是一天兩天

31、的事情，說明了任務的艱巨。22. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to s

32、ervice surround the globe.v 修辭分析：句中劃線部分運用了Hyperbole的修辭手法。這里“the graves surround the globe”,即墳墓包圍了整個地球，顯然是夸張的用法。而運用夸張的手法來強調(diào)為響應美國政府號召而獻身的美國公民非常之多，一方面肯定了這些美國人的貢獻，另一方面通過渲染氣氛，引起聽眾內(nèi)心的公民，從而呼吁更多的人響應美國政府的號召為之奮斗。23. Now the trumpet summons us again - not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need - not as a

33、call to battle, though embattled we are - but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.v 修辭分析：這段采用了排比parallelism的修辭，而且將排比與重復（repetiti

34、on）融合使用，既強調(diào)了文章，又使句子顯得整齊而不雷同，勻稱而不呆板。講說出來，既節(jié)奏鮮明、鏗鏘動聽，同時又跌宕有致，富于變化。v 句中運用了Anticlimax和Parallelism的修辭手法。句中“tyranny”“poverty”“disease”“war”在融合使用排比之余還使用漸降法按重要性的大小從大到小排列下來，最后又回到“war”上面。24. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more

35、fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?v 修辭分析：該段劃線部分運用了Rhetorical question的修辭手法。該段中修辭疑問句的使用一方面強調(diào)突出了美國和其他國家能夠在全世界范圍內(nèi)建立起一個抗擊敵人的聯(lián)盟，同時表達演講者的強烈情感和使得聽眾更好的參與進來以及激發(fā)他們的興趣。另一方面，這個修辭的使用在某種程度上又充當了該演講詞中的Transitional device(過渡)的作用，引導聽眾往下聽，接下來便是演講者給出的解釋和答案。25. In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility - I welcome it. I do not believe that any