名詞性從句講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)習(xí)題及其解答

1、名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點(diǎn)主要有以下六個(gè)方面1.考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題2. 考查引導(dǎo)詞 that 與 what 的區(qū)別3.考查 it 在名詞性從句中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法4. 考查 whether 與 if 的區(qū)別5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問(wèn)詞+ever 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+ 疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)剖析一、名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句

2、、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞： that, whether, if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞： when, where, how, why1. 主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞whoever 以及連接副詞how， when， where， why 等詞引導(dǎo)。that，whether ，if 和連接代詞what ，who，which ，w

3、hatever，that 在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句

4、首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（ 1） It + be +名詞+ that 從句（ 2） It + be +形容詞+ that 從句（ 3） It + be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that 從句（ 4） It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that 從句另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do ，”常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc

5、.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1. 由連接詞that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that 在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，句時(shí) ,第二個(gè)分句前的that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。但如從

6、句是并列We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意： 在 demand、 order、 suggest、 decide、 insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “（ should） + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Th

7、e commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。2. 用 who ，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好

8、。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。3. 用 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether“是否 ”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether ，不用 if ：a. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；d. 從句后有 “ or not時(shí)”； e.與 if 在作后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting q

9、uestion.月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如： he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）he studied English last term.（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）I know (that) he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）he has studied English sin

10、ce 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（ could, would 除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don

11、t believe he will do so我.相信他不會(huì)這樣做。3. 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+ 系動(dòng)詞+ that 從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。That is why he didn t come to the meeting那.就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reas

12、on 時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that 引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that 引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth 、 wish、 word

13、等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：that 作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:I had

14、no idea that you were here （ that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （ that） this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（ that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)100 題1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2.“ Is Mary from New York City”“

15、I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of getti

16、ngC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do thatB. he did thatC. he didD. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting alongB. how is he gettin

17、g alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the troubleB. what wrong wasC. what was the matterD. what trouble it is10.I am sure _ he

18、 said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not knownB. are not knownC. has not knownD. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch costB. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13.Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A.

19、afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late15.They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can b

20、e doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that17.I dont doubt _ hell come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18.“ Why did you go

21、 to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“ Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the roomB. which roomC. what was the roomD. what room was it19.Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big hous

22、e. Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That whatB. What thatC. That whichD. What which22.We gave him _ help we co

23、uld.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23.She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all that24.Excuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. w

24、hen the sports meet is to take place25.Do you happen to know _A. what size shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoesB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are his26.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you h

25、ave observedD. how that you have observed27.Where do you think _A. has he goneB. has he beenC. hes goneD. was he28. Do you know _A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is2

26、9. Would you go and see _ outsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happenedC. what is happeningD. what the matter had been30.The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. whatB. interestingC. What is interestingD. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB.

27、 Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32.He didnt know which room _.A. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live in33.The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. no matter what34.The city is no longer _.A. what it isB. th

28、at it used to beC. which it wasD. what it used to be35.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If doB. That doC. If doesD. That does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought ofA. What thatB. That whatC. How wh

29、yD. Why how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to doA. That whatB. What thatC. Where whichD. Which where39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whatC. that whichD. which that40.I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which41.“

30、 Do you know _”“ His father is a doctor.”A. what is his fatherB. who is his fatherC. what his father isD. who his father is42.Is this _ we met each other two years agoA. placeB. place in whichC. whereD. place which43.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks thatB. is thought whatC. thought thatD. is thought

31、that44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. whereB. whereverC. thatD. that wherever45.They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether46.She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what was I do

32、ing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like.A. no matter whatB. whichC. whicheverD. that48.He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful isB. what is beautifulC. beautiful is whatD. what

33、it is beautiful49.He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sentB. is, is sentC. be, was sentD. be, send50.Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. thatD. whose51.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. how52.They would have

34、 fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hardB. No matter what is hardC. What is hardD. All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. ThatB. W

35、hatC. HowD. Which55.As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we goB. we will goC. should we goD. that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, whatB. What, thatC. That, thatD. That, what57._ you dont like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. That

36、D. Whether58.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where60._he really means is _he disagrees wit

37、h us.A. What thatB. That whatC. Why thatD. If what61._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. ThatB. WhyC. HowD. Who62._ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhatD. That63._ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. IfB

38、. WhereC. ThatD. What64._ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. HowB. WhatC. WhyD. This65._ you come or not is up to you.A. WhatB. IfC. WhyD. Whether66._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverD. Anybody67._ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. WhichB. That

39、C. IfD. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. whichB. whenC. thatD. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even ifB. as ifC. even thoughD. like71.That is _ he likes the place s

40、o much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why73.We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. how75.What Im considering now _ the money

41、 we need.A. isB. areC. wereD. was76.Can you tell me _A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman77._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who78.It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the

42、body.A. that what, when, and howB. thatC. whatD. how79.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such80.Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. whyB. thatC. howD. why what81.We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. thatB. what

43、C. whichD. X82.Can you point out _ two radios are the bestA. whichB. whatC. thatD. whether83.You will easily know _ video recorders ( 錄相機(jī) ) are the same.A. what thoseB. that of thoseC. that all ofD. which of those84._ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. IfB. WhetherC. WhatD. When

44、85.I asked her in English _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress.A. who thatB. who XC. w hat XD. how that86.She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. when87.We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. forB. thatC. whenD. how88.Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in ( 沉下 ) under the heavy traffic.A. whetherB. ifC. XD. that89.At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. ifB. howC. whichD. that how90.Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared y