糖尿病專家系統(tǒng)開發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)一.doc

南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：糖尿病專家系統(tǒng)EXPERTSYSTEM學(xué)院：信息科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院專業(yè)：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)號(hào)：01811104學(xué)生姓名：崔文迪指導(dǎo)教師：沈麗容職稱：講師二OO五年五月二十五日糖尿病專家系統(tǒng)2摘要近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用已逐漸滲透到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)十分廣泛，各種智能診斷設(shè)備都與計(jì)算機(jī)緊密結(jié)合在一起，主要應(yīng)用于兩個(gè)方面：一是醫(yī)療設(shè)備智能化，以硬件為主。另一種是醫(yī)療軟件的智能化，比如專家系統(tǒng)一般認(rèn)為，臨床診斷是運(yùn)用已有的醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)疾病的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行辯證分析，得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論的過(guò)程。就是把問(wèn)診、體格檢查、試驗(yàn)室及其他各項(xiàng)輔助檢查所得到的資料，運(yùn)用醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行辯證分析、綜合、推理與判斷，從而得出符合患者病情的診斷結(jié)論。其基本環(huán)節(jié)如下：收集資料一綜合分析、推理，作出診斷。在傳統(tǒng)的疾病診斷過(guò)程中，其綜合分析、推理除了各種疾病出現(xiàn)的概率只能從過(guò)去的歷史資料中得來(lái)以外，還主要依據(jù)醫(yī)生的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此，其診斷存在一定的片面性和主觀性。計(jì)量診斷與傳統(tǒng)的疾病診斷基本環(huán)節(jié)一致，但其分析、推理不是憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而是用一種定量的推理模式代替，再根據(jù)定的法則作出合理的臨床判斷。因此，計(jì)量診斷也稱定量診斷或數(shù)值診斷。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用的發(fā)展，計(jì)量診斷過(guò)程可由計(jì)算機(jī)部分或完全實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以也稱之為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷。從計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)角度講，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷就是利用機(jī)器模仿醫(yī)生的智能。利用機(jī)器模仿人類的智能即人工智能。目前，基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型人工智能的研究是世界智能技術(shù)研究的熱點(diǎn)。人工智能技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的典型應(yīng)用是專家系統(tǒng)。專家系統(tǒng)的實(shí)質(zhì)就是讓計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)代替專家為患者診斷，換句話說(shuō)就是利用機(jī)器模仿人類專家的智能。實(shí)際上，從亞里土多得時(shí)代，人們已開始從事思維機(jī)器的研究。1946年第臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī)誕生，標(biāo)志著人們?cè)谶@方面的研究有了實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。1956年，人工智能技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，使得人們又向思維機(jī)器的研究方向跨進(jìn)了一步。傳統(tǒng)的專家系統(tǒng)采用LISP語(yǔ)言和PROGLOG語(yǔ)言等人工只能語(yǔ)言，但隨這高級(jí)語(yǔ)言和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，許多編程軟件都具有只能推理的功能，這里選用的是POWERBUDER，能將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)和專家系統(tǒng)有機(jī)結(jié)合。關(guān)鍵字：專家系統(tǒng)，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，PowerBuilder,人工智能糖尿病專家系統(tǒng)3Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmenttheinformationtechnologyofourcountry,thecomputerusesandalreadypermeatesthrougheachfieldgradually.Inthemedicalfield,theapplicationofthecomputerhasbeenalreadyveryextensive,variouskindsofintellectualdiagnosticdevicesareconbinedwiththecomputertogetherclosely,applytotworespectsmainly:First,themedicalequipmentisintelligent,takehardwareasthecore.Anotherkindofmedicalsoftwareintelligent,suchastheexpertsystemAshipthinks,clinicaldiagnosisistouseexistingmedicalknowledgetocarryondialecticalanalysistothebehaviorofthedisease,drawthecoursewhichaccordswiththelogicconclusion.Inquiriestest,physicalexamination,testinglaboratory,othereveryauxiliaryexaminationmaterialsreceived,usemedicalknowledgetocarryondialecticalanalysis,synthesizes,reasoningandjudging,thusdrawthediagnosisconclusionwhichaccordswithpatientscondition.ItsbasiclinkisasfollowsCollectthecomprehensiveanalysisofmaterialsone,reasoning,makediagnosis.Inthecourseoftraditionalmedicaldiagnosisondisease,comprehensiveanalysis,exceptthattheprobabilitythatvariouskindsofdiseasesappearcanonlybeobtainedfromthepasthistoricalmaterialsreasoningits,thestillmainbasisdoctorspersonalexperience.So,itdiagnosesthattherearecertainone-sidednessandsubjectivity.Measureanddiagnosethatkeepsthesamewithtraditionalbasiclinkofmedicaldiagnosisondisease,butitsanalysis,reasoningdonotneedexperience,butitisbyonekindreplacequantitativereasoningmode,whosenameisandthenaccordingto-rulethatmakemaketherearentreasonableclinic.So,measureanddiagnosethatcallstherationanddiagnosesornumbervalueisdiagnosed.Withthedevelopmentthatthecomputerused,canmeasurethecourseofdiagnosingbythepartofthecomputerortotallyrealize,socallitthecomputertoassistanddiagnose.Infact,itisfrominbeingtheinferiorsoilthemanymustera,beginnotlastingresearch,thinkingofmachinepeoplealready.1946-setsofelectroniccomputerborn,indicatepeoplesubstantiveprogresstheresearchinthisrespects.In1956,theappearanceoftheartificialintelligencetechnology,madepeoplestepintoonesteptowardresearchofthethinkingmachine.TraditionalexpertsystemcanonlyadoptlanguageLISPlanguageandPROGLOGlanguage,etc.artificial,butuptothedevelopingofthishigh-levellanguageanddatabasetechnology,alotofprogrammingsoftwareallcanonlyhaveafunctionofreasoning,thatwasselectedforusehereisPOWERBUDER,cancombinethetechnologyofthedatabaseorganicallywiththeexpertsystem.Keyword:Expertsystem,thedatabase,PowerBuilder,artificialintelligence糖尿病專家系統(tǒng)1前言專家系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的是捕捉具體領(lǐng)域中人類專家的知識(shí)和專長(zhǎng),他將專長(zhǎng)知識(shí)存儲(chǔ)在計(jì)算機(jī)中,專家系統(tǒng)可以解答反復(fù)提出的問(wèn)題,或者專家