旅游英語必備學(xué)習(xí)資料

美式論文、報告寫作技巧 編者按：美式教育的特點即是課程內(nèi)容強調(diào)學(xué)生參與及創(chuàng)新運用，因此，報告便成了常見的考核學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成果的方式，比如實驗報告、學(xué)期報告、專題報告、研究報告及論文（含畢業(yè)論文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的機會更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占學(xué)期成績很大比例。如何完成報告、論文同時得到良好的成績，是本文提供給有志留學(xué)的有心人參考的目的。 美國大學(xué)生由於自小已養(yǎng)成自動尋找答案習(xí)慣，在啟發(fā)式的教育環(huán)境下，寫報告、論文對他們來說比較不陌生，雖然專業(yè)知識上美國學(xué)生不見得比外籍學(xué)生強，但是表達能力由於自小培養(yǎng)，加上英語能力的優(yōu)勢，常比外籍學(xué)生在報告、論文方面有較隹的利基。反之中國學(xué)生比較缺乏報告寫作的訓(xùn)練，因此如果在留學(xué)過程中無法適應(yīng)美式教育會比較辛苦，其實論文、報告的寫作要領(lǐng)其實不難，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常論文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及參考資料(References)三部分構(gòu)成；而這三大部分各自內(nèi)容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 謝詞(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目錄(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主體，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、節(jié)(Section) 、以及注釋 (Footnotes) (三)參考資料： 參考書目(References or Bibliography) 附錄資料(Appendix)。 進行論文或報告寫作之前，先要確定想要表達的主題，主題確定后，將其具體表達，即為題目。題目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范圍 三.資料搜集的范圍 四.預(yù)期研究成果 通常在確定題目之後就開始找資料從事研究，建議在找資料之前最好去問教授有哪些參考資料來源可供參考引用。構(gòu)思為確定寫作大綱或 Proposal 的先前步驟， 大綱是論文、報告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架構(gòu)、流程及范圍的說明書。如何構(gòu)思大綱或Proposal為論文、報告寫作前的必要準(zhǔn)備工作。好的論文或研究報告，要基于在完整、詳實的資料上，而參考資料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的來源就是圖書館了，一般參考資料來源可分成教科書或手冊、政府機構(gòu)的報告、科技或商業(yè)方面的雜志，及會議性質(zhì)的資料。此外現(xiàn)代的電腦資料庫也可幫助收集資料，在國外可利用學(xué)校的電腦連線資料庫尋找自己需要的資料。當(dāng)一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，即可開始著手寫報告，一般報告還分大報告如期末、專題等報告，及小報告如 Seminar 式的報告。 就算是小報告，也至少應(yīng)含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主題名稱、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的結(jié)論 (三)Introduction：包括理論背景及內(nèi)容 (四)Technical Sections：是論文的主體，為最重要的部份應(yīng)再細分為 幾個片斷。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的結(jié)論 (六)Appendixes：復(fù)雜公式的導(dǎo)引及叁考資料和電腦程式的報表可附加在 此項 美式報告的撰寫通常要打字，兩行式，行間若有未拼完的字要以音節(jié)來連接。寫報告通常需要用到電腦，如有計算數(shù)字統(tǒng)計圖表的需求，也常會用到程式軟體如PASCAL、LOTUS，統(tǒng)計分析軟體如SAS，也是不可或缺的，電腦繪圖在今日已成為工商界及學(xué)術(shù)界的重要工具，文書處理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了頗受歡迎的工具。此外在英文語法、文法上的潤飾與修改，如能請老美幫忙會比較好。 論文、報告完成后有時會需要做解說(Presentation)，用英文來講演對中國人來說算是一大挑戰(zhàn)，通常課堂講演時間為十五分鐘到三十分鐘，若是論文囗試則至少一小時。投影機及麥克風(fēng)的使用對講演的效果有很大幫助，正式講演前多預(yù)習(xí)幾次，時間宜控制適中，上臺時忌諱低頭拿著報告照念，需留意聽眾的反應(yīng)，切中主題，避免太多數(shù)字的導(dǎo)引。旅 游 英 語1、 了解海關(guān)手續(xù)Mr. Li: Youve traveled abroad a lot, Tom, so would you like to tell me something about clearing customs.李先生：湯姆，你經(jīng)常出國旅游，能向我介紹一下關(guān)于通關(guān)的情況嗎？ Tom: When you arrive in a country, you clear customs. A lot of countries have two channels: the green channel and the red channel. Some countries, like India, have three channels: the white channel, the green channel and the red channel.湯姆：到達一個國家時要通關(guān)。許多國家的海關(guān)有兩種通道：綠色通道和紅色通道。還有些國家如印度有三種通道：白色通道、綠色通道和紅色通道。 Mr. Li: Then what are the differences between the green channel and red channel? 李先生：那么綠色通道和紅色通道之間有什么區(qū)別呢？ Tom: If you have more than the duty-free allowances or prohibited goods, you go through the red channel and declare them to a customs officer. If you otherwise have nothing to declare, you go straight through the green channel unless you are asked to stop by an officer.湯姆：如果你攜帶的東西超出免稅的范圍或?qū)儆诮麕锲?，你就得從紅色通道通過并向海關(guān)官員申報物品。如果你沒有需要申報的物品而海關(guān)官員又沒有阻攔你，你就可以直接通過綠色通道了。 Mr. Li: I see.李先生：我明白了。 Mr. Li: Im told that well have to state the purpose of going to a certain country, is it true? 李先生：我聽說去一個國家時需要陳述旅行的目的，是嗎？ Tom: Thats right. People go aboard for different purposes: some for pleasure, some on vacation, some on business, and some for other purposes.湯姆：是的。人們出國都各有目的：有的為了消遣，有的出去度假，有的是因公出差，有的是為了其他目的。 Mr. Li: Im going to New Zealand for sightseeing. What should I say if they ask about my purpose? 李先生：我要去新西蘭觀光，如果他們問我旅行的目的我該怎么說呢？ Tom: Just saying sightseeing is OK.湯姆：說觀光就行了。2、 海關(guān)申報Officer: May I see your passport, please? 海關(guān)官員：請把你的護照給我看一下。 Mr. Li: Yes. Here you are.李先生：好的。在這里。 Officer: Are you traveling on business or for pleasure? 官員：你這次旅行是為了公務(wù)還是游玩？ Mr. Li: Im going to visit my older sister in New York.李先生：我來看望在紐約居住的姐姐。 Officer: How long will you stay? 官員：你打算在紐約呆多久？ Mr. Li: For several months.李先生：幾個月。 Officer: Do you have anything to declare? Jewelry or cash? 官員：你有沒有什么東西要申報？珠寶或現(xiàn)金？ Mr. Li: No, I havent. The only things I brought were my own clothes, my notebook computer and some gifts for my sister.李先生：沒有。我所攜帶的東西只是一些自己的衣物和筆記本電腦，還帶了一些送給姐姐的禮物。 Officer: Im sorry. Im afraid Ill have to check these, too. Did you bring any fruits, vegetables, fresh meats or plants into this country? 官員：對不起，恐怕我也得檢查一下。你有沒有攜帶任何水果、蔬菜、鮮肉或植物進本國？ Mr. Li: Oh would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔您能允許我?guī)┝裆弳幔克俏医憬阕钕矚g的水果。 Officer: Sorry, rotten fruit is not allowed.官員：對不起，腐爛的水果不允許帶進來。 Mr. Li: But it is NOT rotten. It naturally has the special flavor.李先生：但是它不是腐爛的水果。它天生就是這種特殊的味兒。 Officer: Well, perhaps. But perishables are also not allowed.官員:是嗎，也許吧。但易腐爛的東西也是不能帶進來的。 Mr. Li: Oh, my poor sister! 李先生：哎，我可憐的姐姐！3、 了解航班情況A: Do you have any direct flight to New Zealand? A：你們有沒有直飛新西蘭的航班？ B: Sorry, we dont. But I think you can fly on Northwest 212 to Tokyo and then have a connecting flight on Japan Airline 123 to Auckland. And it is the most economical flight, just USD 580.B：對不起，我們沒有直飛的航班，但你可以乘坐西北航空公司212航班到達東 京，轉(zhuǎn)乘日本航空公司的123班機到達奧克蘭。這個航線也是最經(jīng)濟的，機票才580美元。 A: When does the Flight 212 depart? A： 那么212航班什么時候起飛呢？ B: At 11:30am. By the way, it also makes a refueling stop at Chicago.B：上午11：30。順便提一下，此次航班還要在芝加哥加油。 A: How big is the layover at Chicago? A：在芝加哥加油需要停留多長時間？ B: Less than one hour. B：不到一個小時。 A: And how long do I have to stay in Tokyo for the connecting flight? A：我需要在東京呆多久才能轉(zhuǎn)機？ B: Not so long, just one hour. B：不長，才一個小時。 A: So the time for the whole journey is aboutA：那么整個旅程大約是 B: About eleven hours. B：大約十一個小時。 A: Let me count OK, it works out for my time schedule. Thanks a lot.A：讓我計算一下，還行，比較適合我的時間安排。多謝。 B: You are welcome. B：不用謝。4、 搭乘公共汽車Traveler: Is this the bus that goes by the mall? 旅客：這班公共汽車經(jīng)過購物中心嗎？ Driver: No, it isnt. But you can transfer from this bus to bus number 24 when we get to the 1st Street.司機：不經(jīng)過。但是你可以搭這班車到第一街轉(zhuǎn)乘二十四路汽車到達那里。 Traveler: Good. How much is the fare? 旅客：好，那么車費多少錢？ Driver: Its eighty cents for adults and thirty-five cents for children under twelve. Dont use bill, and drop the exact fares into the money box after getting on the bus.司機：大人八十美分，十二歲以下的小孩三十五美分。不要用紙幣，上車之后把錢數(shù)整好的硬幣投入收款箱中。 Traveler: Will it cost for the transfer? 旅客：轉(zhuǎn)車要錢嗎？ Driver: Yes. When you get on the transfer bus, just show the bus driver the ticket stub. You will only have to pay ten more cents for yourself and a nickel for your child.司機：要。當(dāng)你上了轉(zhuǎn)乘的公共汽車時，就把這張票根給司機看。你只需另外再付十美分，而你的孩子只需再付五美分。 Traveler: That sounds pretty good.旅客：聽起來不錯。 Driver: You can take a seat now. And when youre ready to get off, remember to press the button near your seat.司機：現(xiàn)在你找個座位坐下吧。當(dāng)你要下車的時候別忘了按你座位旁的按鈕。 Traveler: Then how far ahead of time do I need to ring the bell for you to stop the bus? 旅客：我應(yīng)提前多久按鈴請你停車呢？ Driver: One minute is OK司機：提前一分鐘就可以了。5、 快車帶來便利Tom: We want to take a train to New York.湯姆：我們要搭火車去紐約。 Ticket agent (A): Regular or express train? 售票員：要普通車還是快車？ Tom: How much time would we save if we took the express? 湯姆：如果我們坐快車，可以節(jié)省多少時間？ A: About one hour. The next express train arrives in New York at 3:15.售票員：差不多一個小時。下一班快車在3點15分到達紐約。 Tom: And how much more do we have to pay for the express? 湯姆：那么坐快車的話，我們要多付多少錢？ A: First class is 24 dollars more, and second class is 15 dollars more.售票員：頭等票多付24美元，二等票多付15美元。 Tom (to Mike): What do you think? 湯姆：（對邁克）你認(rèn)為如何？Mike: As long as we can arrive one hour earlier, I dont mind paying a little extra.邁克：如果能早一個小時到達我不介意多付一些錢。 Tom: OK. (to A) Then give me two second-class tickets on the express, please.湯姆：好。（對售票員）那么來兩張二等快車票。 Tom and Mike arrive in New York（湯姆和邁克抵達紐約） Mike: Oh! At last we are in the Big Apple! Now we have to take a subway to get to the Village. Dont we need to buy a subway map?邁克：啊！我們終于來到紐約！要去鄉(xiāng)村的話我們就必須坐地鐵。需不需要買一張地鐵路線圖？ Tom: Yes, but I think we can get it free at the subway station, at the token booth.湯姆：是的。但我想在地鐵車站可能拿到免費的。 At the subway station（在地鐵車站） Tom: Can I have ten tokens? And also can I get a free subway map?湯姆：給我來10個代幣。另外可否給我一份地鐵路線圖？ Ticket booth employee (B): Sure. Heres a pack of ten tokens, twelve-fifty, and this is your subway map.售票員：當(dāng)然可以。這是一包代幣，12.50美元。這是地鐵路線圖。 Tom: Thank you.湯姆：謝謝。 Mike: We are going to the East Village. Which train should we take?邁克：我們要去東方村莊該坐哪一列車呢？ B: Take the No. 8 train and get off at Astor Place.售票員：坐8路車，在亞士都站下車。 Tom/Mike: Thanks a lot.湯姆/邁克：多謝。6、 電話定房Front Desk: Royal Hotel, can I help you? 前臺：皇家酒店，我能為您服務(wù)嗎？ Tom: Yes. I urgently need a room for tomorrow night, and do you have any vacancies? 湯姆：我急需一個房間要明晚住，請問你們還有空房嗎？ Front Desk: Yes, we have. What kind of room would you like? 前臺：還有空房。您需要什么樣的房間？ Tom: Id like a suite with an ocean view, please.湯姆：我想要一個可以看到海景的套房。 Front Desk: No problem, sir.前臺：沒問題，先生。 Tom: What is the price of the suite? 湯姆：價格如何？ Front Desk: It is US$ 280 per night.前臺：每晚280美元。 Tom: It is a little high. Im told that your hotel is offering discount now.湯姆：價格有點高。我聽說你們酒店正在打折。 Front Desk: Yes, but the offer ended yesterday. Im sorry.前臺：是的，但打折期昨天就結(jié)束了。很抱歉。 Tom: Oh, I see. Then do you have anything less expensive? 湯姆：我明白了。那么你們是否還有其他便宜一點的套房？ Front Desk: No, sir. So far it is the least expensive suite for tomorrow night.前臺：沒有了，先生。到目前為止，這是能為明晚提供的最便宜的套房。 Tom: OK, I will take it. By the way, does the price include breakfast? 湯姆：那好吧，我就預(yù)定它了。順便問一下，房價是否包括早餐？ Front Desk: Yes, it does. Now could I have your name, please? 前臺：是的，包括早餐。現(xiàn)在我能請問您的尊姓大名了嗎？ Tom: My name is Tom Zhang.湯姆：我叫湯姆，張。 Front Desk: Would you kindly spell it for me?前臺：您能拼讀一下嗎？ Tom: That is T-O-M, Z-H-A-N-G.湯姆：T-O-M，Z-H-A-N-G。 Front Desk: Thank you, I got it. And how long do you expect to stay? 前臺：謝謝，我記下了。另外您預(yù)計在此停留多久？ Tom: About three days.湯姆：大約三天。 Front Desk: OK. Our check-in time is after 1:00pm. And see you tomorrow.前臺：好的。我們的登記時間是在下午一點鐘之后。明天見。 Front Desk: Thank you. See you.湯姆：謝謝。明天見。7、 飯店用餐Waiter: Good evening. Do you have a reservation? 侍者：晚上好。您約定座位了嗎？ Tom: No, we dont.湯姆：沒有。 Waiter: How many people are you together?侍者：你們一共多少人？ Tom: Just two persons.湯姆：就兩位。 Waiter: Would you like to sit in smoking section, non-smoking section or whatever comes open first?侍者：你們要抽煙區(qū)還是非抽煙區(qū)，或是有空位就行？ Tom: We prefer non-smoking section.湯姆：我們要非抽煙區(qū)。 Waiter: Awfully sorry, there are no vacancies left now. Would you like to wait for a moment? 侍者：十分抱歉，現(xiàn)在在非抽煙區(qū)還暫時沒有座位。您能稍等一會嗎？ Tom: How long a wait do you think therell be?湯姆：我們要等多長時間？Waiter: About eight minutes, I think.侍者：大約八分鐘，我想。 Tom: OK, we will wait a while.湯姆：好吧，那我們就等一會兒。 (Ten minutes later)（八分鐘之后） Waiter: Im sorry for making you wait for so long. Now there is a table available in non-smoking section. Please follow me.侍者：非常抱歉讓你們等了這么久。現(xiàn)在在非抽煙區(qū)有空位了。請跟我來。 Tom: Thank you.湯姆：謝謝。 Waiter: This is menu. Are you ready to order now?侍者：這是菜單。您現(xiàn)在可以點菜了嗎？ Tom: Sorry, we havent decided yet. Could you please give us a little longer? 湯姆：對不起，我們還沒決定要點什么，你再等一下好嗎？ Waiter: No problem.侍者：沒問題。 Tom: Well, I think I would like to have a shrimp cocktail and the tomato sausage soup first. How about you, Jones.湯姆：我想先點一個蝦仁杯和一個番茄紅腸湯。你呢，瓊斯？ Jones: The same for me, please.瓊斯：我也要同樣的。 Waiter: Yes, sir.侍者：好的，先生。 Jones: What main dish would you like, Tom? 瓊斯：你喜歡什么主菜，湯姆？ Tom: Well, Id like the sole, please.湯姆：我想吃炸板魚。 Jones: Ill have the sirloin steak.瓊斯：請給我一客牛腰肉排。 Waiter: Yes. What would you like to drink? 侍者：是。那么喝些什么呢？ Jones: Red wine for me. And you, Tom? 瓊斯：我喝紅葡萄酒，你呢？ Tom: I think Ill have beer.湯姆：我喝啤酒。 Jones: One goblet of red wine and one bottle of beer, please.瓊斯：請拿一杯紅葡萄酒和一瓶啤酒。 Waiter: Would you like a dessert? 侍者：要不要甜食？ Jones: What special kind of desserts do you have? 瓊斯：你們有什么特色甜品？ Waiter: Lemon pie, hot cake in syrup, chocolate sundae and custard pudding.侍者：檸檬派，糖油煎餅，巧克力圣代和奶油布丁。 Tom: Well, I think well order after we finish the main course.湯姆：等我們吃過主菜再點吧。 Waiter: All right, Ill bring the soup right away.侍者：好的，湯馬上就會上來。8、 住宿登記Tom: Id like to check in, please.湯姆：我想登記辦理住宿手續(xù)。 Reception Clerk: Awfully sorry, sir. There are no rooms available now.前臺職員：非常抱歉，先生。現(xiàn)在沒有空房了。 Tom: But I have reserved a room the day before yesterday.湯姆：但是我在前天已預(yù)定房間了。 Clerk: Sorry. May I have your name? .職員：對不起，請問您的名字。 Tom:Tom Wang.湯姆：湯姆，張。 Clerk: Please wait a minute. Let me checkExcuse me, but I cant seem to find your name on our list. Are you sure you have a reservation for tonight? 職員：請等一下，我來查下記錄對不起，先生，名冊上找不到您的大名。您確定您約定了今晚的房間了嗎？ Tom: Of course, I did it myself.湯姆：當(dāng)然，我親自預(yù)定的。 Clerk: Im terribly sorry. There must have been some mistakes. Let me check it again Oh, yes. There is a name listed as Tom Huang. It must be the fault of the clerk who registered your name. I apologize.職員；太抱歉了。一定是除了什么錯誤。讓我再查查是的，這有一個登記的名字是湯姆，黃。一定是登記的職員在記錄您的名字時出了錯。我再次表示抱歉。 Tom: Dont worry about that.湯姆：沒關(guān)系。 Clerk: According to the records, your reservation is for a single room with shower and air conditioner for two nights. The room rate will be $110 per night, including 10% tax and 4% service charge. Is it right? 職員：根據(jù)記錄，您預(yù)定的是一個帶有淋浴和空調(diào)的單人間，兩個晚上。房費是每晚110美元，包括10%的稅收和4%的服務(wù)費。對嗎？ Tom: Yes, thats right. Id like to pay my bill by credit card. 湯姆：對。我用信用卡結(jié)帳。 Clerk: May I take a print of your card?職員：我來打印一下信用卡的信息好嗎？ Tom: Here you are.湯姆：好的。 Clerk: OK. Now could you fill out this registration card?職員：現(xiàn)在請您填一下住宿登記表吧。 Tom: All right.湯姆：可以。 Clerk: Your room number is 707. Here is your key. The bellhop will help you to carry the suitcases to your room. Have a nice evening.職員：您是在707房間，這是門鑰匙。行李員會幫您把箱子送到房間。祝您晚安。9、 用餐結(jié)賬Waiter: Are you through with your meal? 侍者：你們吃完了嗎？ Tom: Yes, we are. Could we have the check, please? 湯姆：吃完了。請拿帳單來。 Waiter: Here is your check, 86 dollars in all. I can take care of it here when youre ready.侍者：給您，一共86元。如果你們要付帳，我可以幫你們拿去結(jié)帳。 Tom: Do you accept cheque? 湯姆：你們收支票嗎？ Waiter: No, Im sorry we dont. We accept credit cards and cash.侍者：對不起，我們不收。我們只收信用卡和現(xiàn)金。 Tom: Well, I dont have any cash with me. So Ill have to put in on credit. Heres 90 dollars. Please keep the change.湯姆：我沒帶現(xiàn)金。我必須用信用卡結(jié)帳了。這是90元，剩下的做小費。 Waiter: Thank you, I will be right back.侍者：謝謝你，我馬上就回來。 Tom: Oh, please wait for a minute. I want to go with the food left.湯姆：請稍等一會。我想把剩下的食物帶走。 Waiter: I see. I will bring some to-go boxes for you.侍者：我明白。我會為您拿一個打包盒。 Tom: Thank you.湯姆：謝謝。10、 叫醒服務(wù)Clerk: What can I do for you, sir?服務(wù)員：有什么為您效勞的嗎，先生？ Tom: Im Tom in Room 528, and I want a wake-up call tomorrow morning.湯姆：我是528房間的湯姆，請明早叫醒我。 Clerk: At what time?服務(wù)員：什么時間？ Tom: 6:15am please.湯姆：6：15 Clerk: We have a computer wake-up service. Please dial 2 first and then the time. That is to say, dial 2 and the 0615 for the time. There must be five digits in the final number.服務(wù)員：我們有電腦叫醒服務(wù)。請先撥2，再撥時間。也就是說，先撥2，再撥0615。最后必須有5位數(shù)字。 Tom: I see. Then it is 20615. Thank you. By the way, if I want to change my wake-up time, what should I do? 湯姆：我明白了。也就是20615。謝謝。順便問一下，我想改變叫醒時間該怎么辦呢？ Clerk: Just dial your new wake-up time. The computer will automatically cancel the old time and record the new one.服務(wù)員：撥上新時間即可。電腦將自動取消原先的叫醒時間并記錄下新時間。 Tom: If I dial 20700, I will be waked up at 7:00 am?湯姆：如果我撥20700，就會在早上7：00叫醒我，是嗎？ Clerk: Yes, thats right.服務(wù)員：是的。Tom: Thanks a lot.湯姆：非常感謝。 Clerk: You are welcome. Good night! 服務(wù)員：不客氣。晚安！11、 用餐規(guī)則1. Pull out chairs to seat the women when you are eating together.1. 進餐時幫助女士入座。 2. Do not sit down before all the ladies are seated.2. 在女士未入座之前不要搶先入座。 3. Pull your chair up and sit close to the table after sitting down.3. 入座后將椅子靠近餐桌。 4. It is customary to say grace before the meal begins in many Christian homes. Watch the host or hostess. If they bow their heads, join them.4. 很多基督徒家庭進餐前有禱告的習(xí)慣。注意觀察主人或主婦，如果他們低下頭去，你也應(yīng)隨從他們。 5. When the hostess takes her napkin, open your napkin in half and lay it across your lap.5. 女主人拿起餐巾時，你也應(yīng)拿起餐巾，打開一半，攤放在膝蓋上。 6. When eating with silverware, begin from the outside piece, then knife and fork for the second course and so on. The pieces closest to the plate are for the last course.6. 使用餐具吃飯時，首先從最外側(cè)開始，刀和叉是用來吃第二道菜及以后的菜的。最靠近盤子的餐具要留到最后用。 7. When having soup, move the spoon away from you to spoon out the soup. When a little remains, you may raise slightly the side of the bowl close to you.7. 用匙舀湯時，匙要從里往外舀。湯快喝完了時，可將湯盤近身一側(cè)抬高一點。 8. Cut large pieces of food, such as steak or chops, into small pieces all at one time.8. 把大塊食物，如牛排或排骨，一次切成若干小塊。 9. Use you knife close to the fork. This way, it is a lot easier to cut meat.9. 刀要靠近叉使用，這樣更容易切割。 10. Put your knife and fork diagonally on the further side of the plate when you have finished eating something. Do not place them leaning on the plate. The knife should always be placed the sharp edge in.10. 吃完東西時將刀叉對角放齊，置于盤子外側(cè)。不要靠在盤子上，而且刀刃應(yīng)該向里。 11. In America, when you have finished cutting, you can put down the knife, transfer the fork to the right hand and eat. In Europe, you hold your fork in the left hand and carry food to your mouth on the back of the fork. It helps to put some solid piece of food at the edge of the fork and pile soft food on it.11. 在美國，切完東西時，你可以放下刀，用右手拿起叉來吃飯；在歐洲，你可以左手拿叉，用叉的背面將食物送到嘴里，這樣有利于叉的邊緣放較硬的食物，上面再放較軟的食物。 12. You can choose whichever you like.12. 你可以自由選擇你喜歡的食物。12、 洗衣服務(wù)Tom: What are your rates of laundry service? 湯姆：洗衣服務(wù)怎么收費？ Attendant (A): Theres a rate chart in your folder in the dresser drawer, sir.服務(wù)員（甲）：在您的梳妝臺抽屜里有價格表，先生。 Tom: I seeWell, would you please send someone to Room 528 to pick up some laundry for me?湯姆：我知道了。請派人來528房間好嗎？我有衣服要洗。 Attendant (A): Yes, sir. Ill send someone immediately.服務(wù)員（甲）：好的，先生。我立即派人去。 Tom: Id like to have these clothes washed.湯姆：我想把這些衣服洗一下。 Attendant (B): Could you please fill out the laundry form? 服務(wù)員（乙）：請?zhí)钜幌逻@張洗衣表好嗎？ Tom: OK. By the way, Id like my silk shirt to be handwashed. Please use cold water, then it doesnt shrink.湯姆：好的。我希望我的絲綢襯衣用手洗。請用冷水。那樣它就不會縮水了。 Attendant (B): By hand in cold water. I see.服務(wù)員（乙）：手洗，用冷水。我明白。 Tom: I need them to be washed right away. Can you have them finished by tomorrow morning? 湯姆：我需要快點洗出來。明天早晨怎么樣？ Attendant (B): Sorry, it wont be possible. Its already 10 oclock. Im afraid its too late for todays laundry. Tomorrow afternoon is the soonest.服務(wù)員（乙）：對不起，這不可能?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)10點了。恐怕趕不上今天的洗衣時間了。最快也得明天下午。 Tom: Oh, no! I have a date at 11:00 tomorrow.湯姆：我的天！我明天11點有個約會。 Attendant (B): We have a special three-hour service. We will deliver it wi