靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞.ppt

動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞與靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 1. 表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作，可用于進(jìn)行、非進(jìn)行體：talk, run, sleep, wait 2. 表示改變或方位移動(dòng)，可用于進(jìn)行、非進(jìn)行體：come, go, arrive, leave, reach, turn, become, get, grow, change 3.表示短暫動(dòng)作。但要注意，用于過去一般時(shí)，表示一次性短暫動(dòng)作；用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作的重復(fù),靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 表示一種狀態(tài)，通常用于非進(jìn)行體；若用進(jìn)行體，語義不同. 1. be, have 2. 含有be和have 意義的詞，如 apply to, belong to, differ from, cost, weight, measure, fit, hold, lack, resemble 3. 表示感覺的動(dòng)詞：feel, hear, see, smell, taste 4. 表心理或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：believe, assume, consider, detest, fear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, prefer, remember,靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行體時(shí)，則成了動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意義有所不同： Hes being polite today. They were having a party. He is resembling his father. The chef is tasting the soup. Please be quiet. Im thinking. Im hoping you can make an exception to the children.,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài),1. 兩種時(shí)間：現(xiàn)在和過去 2.兩種體：進(jìn)行體和完成體 3. 結(jié)合： 現(xiàn)在：一般，進(jìn)行，完成，完成進(jìn)行 過去：一般，進(jìn)行，完成，完成進(jìn)行 4. 語態(tài)：主動(dòng)和被動(dòng); be型被動(dòng)態(tài)和get型被動(dòng)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),1. 表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在（真理、格言、科學(xué)事實(shí)等） 2. 表示習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作 3. 表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作：Whats the matter with you? You look pale. / What do you think? 常用于體育的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道、戲法表演、操作演示的解說詞中（見教材） 也用于一些習(xí)慣性的用法中：I declare the conference open. / I wish you all the best.,4. 用于將來時(shí)間： 1） I hope / I bet 后的分句中：I hope you have a good time (=I hope you will have a good time). / I bet it rains tomorrow (=I bet it will rain tomorrow). 2) see to it / make sure / make certain 后的分句中：Make sure that the equipment is disconnected from the power. 3) If it rains tomorrow, Ill 5. 表示過去時(shí)間： 這類動(dòng)詞有hear, learn, tell, say, gather 等： I hear that a big shot is coming to our university. She tells me youre entering for the competition / examination. 歷史現(xiàn)在時(shí)：p. 127,一般過去時(shí),1. 表示過去一次性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：p. 128 2. 表示現(xiàn)在和將來： 1）want, hope, think , wonder等幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞用于過去時(shí)可表示委婉語氣：I wondered if you could spare me a few minutes. / I hoped you could come here. Suppose we lunched on porridge made with lean meat and preserved egg? 2) 用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中：I wish the Campus were not so far away from GZ. / Its high time that you went to bed. / If only I had enough money now./ He looks as if he was ill. / He treats the children as if they were his own.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體,1. 表說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作: The policeman is disinterring the body. 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Im preparing for the examination these days. Note: 進(jìn)行體與always, constantly, continually, for ever等 頻度狀語連用，則表示說話人的一種厭煩、贊美等感情: Youre always asking for money. / She is constantly helping his fellow students. (當(dāng)然也可以不帶感情色彩） 3. 表示按計(jì)劃安排近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：The plane is taking off in ten minutes. / The rescue team are leaving for Qinghai tonight. 4. 表示剛剛過去的動(dòng)作：I dont know what youre talking about. 5. 表示委婉的語氣：Im hoping that you can come. / Im wondering if I can be away for a while.,過去進(jìn)行體,1. 過去某時(shí)點(diǎn)或某時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：They were sauntering in the woods, enjoying the serenity, a change from the hustle and bustle in the city. Suddenly, a dead body came into their view. 2. 表示過去暫時(shí)性習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作：In those days, George used to get up at nine, but that week he was getting up at five every day. 3.與always, constantly, continually, for ever等 頻度狀語連用，則表示說話人的一種厭煩的情緒（也可以不表示）:He was always disturbing me when I was studying.,3. 表示過去按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的事：They were arriving a few days later. 4. hope, want, wonder 等用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示委婉語氣： I was wondering if you could lend me some money. I was hoping you could send me your mail order catalogue. 5. I wish we were going / we left now. Its time you were going / went to bed.,現(xiàn)在完成體、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體、過去進(jìn)行體的比較,He has done his homework. He has been doing his homework. He was doing his homework yesterday.,1.注意下列非正式場(chǎng)合的用法： 1). Ive waited here (for) two hours. 2). He (has) lost ten pounds since he started the game. 3). Ive had such impressions since I can remember.,2. 注意下列用法： 1） Its ok since I had it fixed. 2) Things are much worse since you left. 3) I feel / am feeling much better since I took the medicine. 4) My health is much improved since I gave up smoking.,She contacted me on line last week, but vanished from the surface of the earth since. He has been improving his English since he came to Guangzhou / since three years ago / since 2008.,Its 3 weeks since he fell ill. Its 3 weeks since he was ill.,He has been improving his English since he lived in Guangzhou / since he was in Guangzhou.,Great changes have taken place since China was open to the outside world.,He has been improving his English since he has lived in Guangzhou / since he has been living in Guangzhou.,過去完成體,1. If only you had told me the truth yesterday. 2. He speaks as if he had been to the Maldives. (cf. He speaks as if he were my father.) 3. I wish I hadnt gone to the party yesterday. (cf. I wish I were 10 years younger.) 4. I had wanted (intended )to come see you, but+,Its the first / second time that I have visited this city. It will be the first / the third time that I have given him money. It was the first / the second time that he had turned on his father.,動(dòng)詞：賓語的種類,A. beat the drum / a boy; beat a retreat / beat time / beat the record / beat ones brains. B. 動(dòng)詞與賓語的關(guān)系： 1. 受動(dòng)賓語：wash the car / paint the wall 2. 結(jié)果賓語：dig a hole / paint a cat / write an essay 3. 使役賓語：dance the baby on her knees / stand the child against the wall 4. 轉(zhuǎn)喻賓語： smoke a pipe / wipe off the table 5. 動(dòng)作內(nèi)容：ask a question 6. 動(dòng)作終極：reach adulthood 7. 表示方式：nod ones approval / laugh ones thanks / look ones gratitude 8. 表示地點(diǎn)：walk the street / walk the rest of the journey /,同源賓語,1. dream a dream / smile a sweet smile / whistle a meditative whistle / live a lonely life / die a heroic death 2. run a race / sleep a wink 比較： He died a martyr. / He ran a mile at one breath.,無意義的賓語： it,1. Go