考點(diǎn)6謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.ppt

在下列各句空白處填入所給詞的正確形式，并說(shuō)明理由。 1.(2015卷I61) It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.,由主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“was raining”和后句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“didnt care”可知，arrive應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意是“當(dāng)我們?cè)谔炝燎暗竭_(dá)陽(yáng)朔時(shí)，正在下著小雨”。,arrived,2.(2015卷I67) Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，下句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞names是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也有提示作用；主語(yǔ)Yangshuo是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。,is,3.(2015卷II68) At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.,因上句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“warm up”與下句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“warm up”和“cool off”都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處的go也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)才能保持時(shí)態(tài)一致；主語(yǔ)This cycle是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填goes。,goes,4.(2014卷I61) In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.,指1969年的情況，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，上下句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(was, could)也提示我們用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，指當(dāng)時(shí)無(wú)法想象；又因主語(yǔ)It是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was。,was,5.(2014卷II45) A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.,在句中作謂語(yǔ)，考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；a boy與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又由語(yǔ)境(如was riding)可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填caught。,caught,6.(2014樣卷1) Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: Im not sure what _ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre gone.,在賓語(yǔ)從句中，what是主語(yǔ)，happen應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)；從下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,happened,7.(2014樣卷9) Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ _ (put) them there when the phone rang.,從語(yǔ)境中可知，意思是“我一定是在電話鈴響時(shí)把它們放進(jìn)那里了”，對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，表示“一定已經(jīng)”，用“must have done”。(注：像此題這樣需要考生根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)氣增加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞且用完成式這種復(fù)雜形式，在高考語(yǔ)法填空中考查的可能性極小),must,have put,當(dāng)句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等四個(gè)方面。 1.時(shí)態(tài) 確定時(shí)態(tài)的四條依據(jù)： (1)依據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致。看上下文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去/現(xiàn)在/將來(lái))，空格要填的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)一致。這是高考語(yǔ)法填空中確定時(shí)態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)(如上述真題3和4) 但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時(shí)態(tài)不一致；直接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)與引號(hào)外的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。,(2)依據(jù)并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致。如： (2015廣東卷) While making great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析：由and died可知，與之并列的fall也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填fell。,fell,(3)依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常與完成時(shí)連用。 (4)依據(jù)固定句式。請(qǐng)熟讀以下句式并體會(huì)句中的時(shí)態(tài)。 This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.這是我第二次同外國(guó)人講話。,It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 這是我第二次同外國(guó)人講話。 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交車，就開動(dòng)了。 I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我剛躺下，電話鈴就響了。,I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來(lái)。 I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來(lái)。 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去，電話響了。,2.語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：,(2014廣東卷) but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week 解析：句中tell (告訴)后沒有sb.(人)作賓語(yǔ)，由tell sb. sth.這一句型可知，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是we，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be用were，故填were told。,were told,3.語(yǔ)氣 是否用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主要由一些特殊的詞或句式來(lái)決定，詳見考點(diǎn)歸納。如： (2012廣東卷) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he _ _(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.,had,bought,解析：因buy在主格人稱代詞he后, 顯然是作謂語(yǔ); 又由語(yǔ)境可知，他不是真的買下了這個(gè)學(xué)校, 只是他走進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)的那種氣勢(shì)好像是買下了這所學(xué)校一樣，故應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故填had bought。,4. 主謂一致 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。以上真題再練的第2, 3, 4題都涉及主謂一致。又如： (2008廣東卷) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析：句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，result應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“急于求成，往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。,results,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞涉及時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等四個(gè)考點(diǎn)。以下重點(diǎn)提醒其中兩個(gè)。 1.時(shí)態(tài) 盡管課標(biāo)或考綱中列出了10種時(shí)態(tài)，但近兩年全國(guó)卷和九年廣東卷的高考真題只考查了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。,盡管如此，以下8種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和構(gòu)成還是應(yīng)掌握的：,2.語(yǔ)氣 掌握以下兩類八條。,1. (2015廣東卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave).,介詞with后應(yīng)是賓語(yǔ)從句，連接代詞what = the milk that，意為“(除了用于換其他食物的牛奶后)剩下的牛奶”；因what與leave (剩下)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；上下文都是過(guò)去時(shí)，也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；what作主語(yǔ)，用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was left。,was left,2. (2013廣東卷) Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt”,在主格人稱代詞he后，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句之前，find應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；由下文的called可判斷find用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填found。,found,3. (2011廣東卷) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,在主語(yǔ)He后，pretend顯然是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；giving it (the tiger) a voice的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)是He,因此，and giving與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是并列關(guān)系；由此推斷, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 故填was pretending。,was pretending,4. (2010廣東卷) After a four-day journey, the young man _ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,動(dòng)詞present(贈(zèng)予)在主語(yǔ)the young man后，應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；由語(yǔ)境及上下文的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填presented。,presented,5. (2009廣東卷)people stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.,因主語(yǔ)people與push是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又由并列連詞or可知，push與stepped應(yīng)為并列謂語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)要一致；stepped是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，push也應(yīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填pushed。,pushed,6. (2009廣東卷) “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _ _ (inform).,因inform在主語(yǔ)Jane后作謂語(yǔ)，Jane與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填was informed。,was,informed,7. (2007廣東卷) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village.,在when后的分句中，my car是主語(yǔ)，其后的break應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；由全文可知，這是敘述過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；再說(shuō)was / were doing when did是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候突然發(fā)生了另外一事”，故填broke。,broke,8. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, _(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.,由and be可知與之并列的be是原形，由此可想到look也用原形，是祈使句句型。,look,9. In the last few years, China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 由In the last few years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 10. I _(hear) nothing from him up to now. 由up to now可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,has made,have heard,11. He was about to tell me the secret when someone _ (pat) him on the shoulder. 由was /were about to do sth. when sb. did固定句型可知, when后句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 12. He _(think) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground. 由was /were doing sth. when sb. did固定句型可知。,patted,was thinking,13. This is the first time that our whole class _ (go) out together for a picnic. 在This/It is the first time that句型中，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,have gone,14. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _ (interrupt) me that evening. 在It/This was the second time (that)句型中，that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,had interrupted,15. Hardly had the game begun when it _ (start) raining. 由Hardlywhen句型可知，前面多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,started,16. It is reported that a space station _ _(build) on the moon in years to come. 因a space station與build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又由“in years to come (未來(lái)的幾年內(nèi))”可知用將來(lái)時(shí)，因此，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道, 一個(gè)空間站將在未來(lái)的幾年內(nèi)在月球上建成。,built,will be,17. As you go through this book, you _ _ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.,句中as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí), 所以主句需用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)你讀這本書時(shí), 你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)人中的每一個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。,find,will,18. Whatever she _ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements. 句意：無(wú)論她說(shuō)什么都不會(huì)對(duì)我們的安排有影響。,says,19. The real reason why prices _ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 根據(jù)空格后面的and still are(而且現(xiàn)在仍然是)判斷, 前面是指物價(jià)過(guò)去的情況, 應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：物價(jià)過(guò)去很高, 現(xiàn)在依然居高不下, 其真正原因是復(fù)雜的, 不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋的。,were,20. If only I _(listen) to my parents at that time! But its too late now. 因if only (但愿，要是就好了)與wish的意義和用法相同，后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由at that time可知是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，填had listened。,had listened,21. If only I _(can) play the piano as well as Lang Lang. 因if only后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由句意可知是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示能力的can的過(guò)去時(shí)形式是could。,could,22. I wish I _(fly) freely in the sky like a bird.,因wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句意來(lái)看，是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，“像鳥一樣在藍(lán)天飛翔”應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)具備這種能力，故填could fly(能飛)。,could fly,23. But for your help we _ _ (be) late.,由but for (如果沒有，要不是)可知要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由句意可知是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，故填would have been。,would have,been,24. The Gadfly insisted that the work _ (finish) by the middle of June.,句中insisted作“堅(jiān)持/堅(jiān)決要求”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should +)動(dòng)詞原形”；又因“工作”與“完成”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填(should) be finished。,(should) be finished,25. He insisted that he _(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he _ _ (take) the medicine.,第一個(gè)insisted意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為(是怎么回事)”，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故填was； 第二個(gè)insisted意為“堅(jiān)持要求(要/該做某事)”，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故填(should) take。,was,(should),take,26. I ordered that the gate _ _ (lock).,因order (命令，指示)后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且the gate與lock是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填(should) be locked。,(should) be,locked,27. A lighted sign commanded that seat belts _ (fasten).,由commanded可知，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，又因seat belts (安全帶) 與fasten (系) 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填(should) be fastened。,(should) be fastened,28. Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill and her mother suggested she _ (see) a doctor.,因第一個(gè)suggest意為“顯示，表明(=show)”, 其后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故填was；第二個(gè)suggest意為“建議”,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，故填(should) see。,was,(should) see,29. They advise that a passport _ _ (carry) with you at all times.,因advise后的從句謂語(yǔ)要用(should+)動(dòng)語(yǔ)原形，且a passport (護(hù)照)與carry (攜帶)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填(should) be carried。,(should) be,carried,30. She requested that no one _ _ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting.,因request后的從句謂語(yǔ)用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，且on one與tell