初中英語習(xí)慣用法大全.doc

初中英語習(xí)慣用法大全重要的短語、句型和慣用法（一） 1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下車 get up 起床 get ready for 為.作準(zhǔn)備 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身體好 get in 進(jìn)入，收集 get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 為某人買某物 get on well with sb/sth. 與某人相處很好，.進(jìn)展順利 2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 have a cold wet day 天氣又冷又濕 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of). 喝一杯. have a talk 聽報(bào)告 have lunch 吃午飯 have.for lunch 午飯吃. have a meeting 開會have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤 mistake A for B 把A錯(cuò)認(rèn)為B take sth. by mistake 錯(cuò)拿某物 4. make friends with 與.交朋友 make faces 做鬼臉make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a.sound 發(fā).音 make tea 沏茶 make room for. 為.找出空間 make it 如期赴約 make a team 組成一個(gè)隊(duì) eg.Lets make it half past one. 注意：時(shí)間前不用介詞at 5. turn sth. on/off 打開/關(guān)掉. turn sth. up/down 把.音量開大/小 注意：當(dāng)sth 是代詞時(shí)，常放中間 6. try sth. on 試穿（衣、鞋、帽） 注意：當(dāng) sth 為it或them, 常放中間try out 試驗(yàn)、嘗試 try ones best to do sth. 盡力干某事=do ones best to do sth. 7. send sb. away 開除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去請某人 send up 發(fā)射 8. hear from sb 收到.的來信 hear of 聽說 9. hurry off 匆匆離去，趕快去 hurry up 趕快 10. get to +名詞 get +副詞(不用to) reach+名詞/副詞 arrive in/at +大/小地點(diǎn) （后接副詞，不用at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到達(dá)上海 eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 11. teach sb. English 教某人英語 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自學(xué) 12.到.末為止bytheendof+過去時(shí)間（用于過去完成時(shí)）bytheendof+將來時(shí)間（用于一般將來時(shí)）attheendof+地點(diǎn)在.盡頭intheend=atlast最后，終于13.hundredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上萬的millionsof成百萬的14.bepleasedtodosth很高興地干某事bepleasedwithsth.為某事而高興15.beusedfor被用來beusedas被當(dāng)作beusedby被.所使用16.sofar到目前為止，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)17.onaTuesdaymorning一個(gè)星期二的早上onthemorningofJune15th.1998在1998年6月15日早上18.keepsb.doingsth.讓某人一直干某事keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事keepondoingsth.持續(xù)不斷地做某事19.muchtoo+形容詞副詞原級實(shí)在太.toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)多的.eg.Its_expensive.Icantbuyit.Theres_rainthisyear.20.thanksto.由于，多虧thankstooneshelp=becauseofoneshelp由于某人的幫忙thanksforoneshelp謝謝某人的幫助21.befarawayfromaplace/sb遠(yuǎn)離某地22.wearout穿壞、穿舊、用盡常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其P.P為wornsellout售完賣完23.two-monthholiday=twomonthsholiday二個(gè)月的假期24.fallasleep入睡（進(jìn)入狀態(tài)）gettosleep入睡（還沒睡著）25.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人干某事eg.Shestoppedthechildfromlistening.stopdoingsth.停止干某事，不再干某事stoptodosth.停止下來干另一件事。26.hardlyany+n.幾乎沒有.27.quitea/an+形容詞名詞一個(gè)相當(dāng).eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.avery形容詞+名詞eg.Englishisaveryusefullanguage.28.beafraidof+名詞害怕.beafraidto+動(dòng)詞擔(dān)心、害怕.beafraidthat+從句恐怕.29.so+形容詞sostrongsobeautifulsuch+形容詞+名詞(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))suchbeautifulpicturessuchnicesmellsuch+a/an+形容詞+名詞（單數(shù)）suchaninterestingstory30.feellikedoing想干某事31.bemade/grown/produced三個(gè)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)都可解釋為“生產(chǎn)”歸類:機(jī)器一類make(制造)鹽.糖.絲綢produce(經(jīng)機(jī)器加工生產(chǎn))農(nóng)作物、水果grow(人工種出來的)32.finishdoingsth.做完某事bebusydoingsth.忙于干某事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)干某事bealwaysdoing老是干某事33.hopetodosth.希望干某事.hopethat.希望某人干某事,不可用hopesb.todosth.34.insurprise驚奇地（作狀語）besurprisedatsb.對某人的舉動(dòng)感到詫異besurprisedtodosth.對做某事感到驚訝35.nospace(room)tostandin沒有站的地方、空間36.beangrywithsb.生某人的氣agreewithsb.同意某人的觀點(diǎn)withoneshelp在某人的幫助下選擇題：1.Theyarrived_London_acoldwinternight.A.at,inB.in,onC.at,onD.in,at2.Itsrathercoldtoday.Youdbetter_moreclothesbeforeyougoout.A.putonB.wearC.toputonD.towear3.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_arest?A.stoptakingB.stoptotakeC.tostoptakingD.tostoptotake4._,IvecaughtupwithmyclassmatesinmyEnglishstudies.A.UnderhishelpB.WithhishelpC.UnderthehelpofhimD.Withthehelpofhim5.Mothertoldme_inthesun.A.notreadB.dontreadC.readnotD.nottoread6.WatchingTV_isbadforyoureyes.A.muchtooB.manytooC.toomuchD.toomany7.Thoseforeignvisitors_ourcitythedaybeforeyesterday.A.arrivedB.reachedC.reachedtoD.gotin8.Sheaskedmetohelpher_herChinese.A.atB.withC.forD.on9.Look_thewordsinthedictionarywhenyoudontknow_theymean.A.up,whatB.up,thatC.for,thatD.for,what10.Oneafteranother,threeofthem_.A.fellasleepB.gottoasleepC.wenttoasleepD.weresleeping完成句子：1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？Doyou_drinkingaglassoforange?2.小楊畢業(yè)離校以來，我們從未收到他的來信。Wehavenever_XiaoYangsincehe_schoolforthelasttime.3.人們興建綠色長城是為了阻止風(fēng)將土刮走。PeoplestartedtobuildtheGreatGreenWall_itcouldstopthewindfrom_theearthaway.4.魏華把你錯(cuò)當(dāng)成他的兄弟，是嗎？WeiHua_you_hisbrother,didntshe?思考題：1.人造衛(wèi)星能用來向國外發(fā)送電視和廣播節(jié)目Man-madesatellitescanbe_for_TVandradioprogrammestoforeigncountries.2.多虧有了綠色長城，現(xiàn)在他們種的棉花比以前多得多了。_totheGreatGreenWall,theycangrowalot_cottonthanbefore.3.學(xué)生們相互交朋友，通常相處得很好。Thestudentsmakefriends_oneanotherandusually_well.4.店主說你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。Theshopkeepersaidthewoolensweaters_yoursizewere_.重要的短語、句型和慣用法（二）1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)a.這是英語中常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解釋為“有”但是與therebe有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主語為某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.b.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。c.Thereisarivernearourschool.否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.問：Istherearivernearourschool.回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisnt.劃Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?Whatsnearourschool?d.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)，同學(xué)們較難掌握，其正確形式為：thereisgoingtobee.反意疑問句的構(gòu)成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?Thereisgoingto_afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.playTheyweresurethattheyweregoingto_arest.A.beB.haveC.beonD.on2.so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復(fù)，英語中習(xí)慣用so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。a.So+be(助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.b.Neither+be(助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)主語，表示某人也不。eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.c.So主語be(助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。表示果真如此(贊同),請同學(xué)們與a.區(qū)別。eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.3.Its+時(shí)間+since動(dòng)詞過去式。自從.起已有.時(shí)間了。Itstwoweekssincewemetlast.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個(gè)星期了)HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and(那么).eg.Gostraightonandyoullseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,youllseeaschool.5.祈使句+or.否則.eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.=Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindtheother6.The+比較級.，the+比較級.越.越.eg.Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryoullbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你認(rèn)為這部電影怎樣？)8.What.dowith.?怎樣對付.?怎樣處理.?雖然中文為怎樣，我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how.eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?B:Ivejustreturnedittothelibrary.9.Idontknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么辦？Idontknowhowtodo.10.What.belike?.是什么樣的？eg.Whatstheweatherlike?天氣如何？Whatsyourschoollike?你們學(xué)校是什么樣的？11.What.for?為何目的？為什么？eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?12.oneof+最高級復(fù)數(shù)最.之一eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.13.findit+形容詞+todoeg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我發(fā)覺學(xué)好英語是很有用的)find+賓語+名詞eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)好男孩.)find+賓語+形容詞eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)門開/關(guān)著)Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的包裝滿了禮物)14.Idontthink+肯定句我想.不eg.IdontthinkIlltakeit.(我想我不買它了)請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達(dá)否定在主句中。15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B.eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.特別注意:hadbetter后面跟be動(dòng)詞詞組,不可漏掉be.eg.Youdbettercatchatrain.Youdbetternottalkinclass.Youdbetternotbelatefortheclass.17.Itisgood(nice)of+賓格+todosth.eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英語真是太好了)18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間)=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.19.sb.pay錢for物某物化費(fèi)了某人多少錢=sb.spend錢on物=物costsb.錢,pay的過去式為paid而不是payed.eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.20.havebeento某人曾去過某地,現(xiàn)在人不在那兒sb.havebeenin+地點(diǎn)某人呆在某地(一段時(shí)間)havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在這兒21.too形容詞(副詞)+to太而不能太以致于不eg.Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.這籃子太重我拿不動(dòng)。ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了，買不起。so.that如此.以致于.上面的too.to結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，可以換成so.that引導(dǎo)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。ThebasketissoheavythatIcantcarryit.ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecantaffordit.22.Whatsthepopulationof.?.人口有多少？不說Howmuchpopulationin.?形容人口數(shù)量的大用largeeg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA23.Ivecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑來是還你鍋的)Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What24.not.until(連詞)方才，才eg.Hesaysthathewontbefreeuntiltomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空?？隙ň鋟ntil到eg.Youdbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)25.neither.nor.既不.也不.either.or.或者.或者.eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospellthewordhundred.Eitheryouorsheisright.(謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則)both.and.兩者都.eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主語看作復(fù)數(shù))練習(xí)題：1.-WhereisMary?-Oh,she_thelibrory.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneto2.Heknewlittleaboutthefilm_hesawityesterdayevening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because3.I_changehismind.Dontworry,Hellsurelycometogetit.A.thinkhewontB.thinkhewillC.dontthinkhewontD.dontthinkhewill4.-_doyou_theTVplay?-Notbad,Ithink.A.How;thinkofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5.I_haveagoodtime_theparty.A.hopeyouwill;atB.likeyou;onC.hopeyoutoinD.wantyouthat;from完成句子：1.中國有多少人口，中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。_thepopulationofChina?Itsabout_oftheworldspopulation.2.門鈴一直響著，直到門被林濤打開才停。Thedoorbell_untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.3.午飯后他休息了一會兒，我也休息了一會兒。Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and_I.4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時(shí)間了。_morethantenyears_MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.5.公共汽車?yán)飻D得幾乎連站的地方都沒有.Thebuswas_crowdedthattherewashardly_standingroominit.思考題：1、做飯花了她半個(gè)小時(shí)。It_halfanhour_someco