2016_2017學(xué)年高中英語Unit4HelpfulSchoolmatesPeriodThreeGrammar練習(xí).docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing語法精析一、當(dāng)直接引語是表示命令、請求、勸告、提醒或警告等的祈使句時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語須用復(fù)合賓語，即“動詞sb.todo/nottodo”結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的動詞有表示命令的order，tell和command；表示請求的ask和request；表示提醒或警告的remind和warn以及表示勸告的advise等。例如：“Pleasecomeinandseatyourself，”shesaidtome.Sheaskedmetocomeinandseatmyself.Hesaid，“Dontmakesomuchnoise，children！”Hetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.1根據(jù)祈使句的語氣，如果是強(qiáng)制性的，如軍官、警官對下級，老板對雇員等，把say改為order或demand；如果是同級之間一般性的語氣，則改為tell；如遇客氣的請求，則改為ask。2把祈使的對象放在order，demand，tell，ask等后面作賓語。3把祈使句的動詞原形改為不定式todo或nottodo放在賓語后面，并去掉引號。4人稱、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等按要求進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。注意(1)直接引語中的稱呼語是祈使的對象，改為間接引語時(shí)，常作引述動詞的賓語。如直接引語中沒有稱呼語，改為間接引語時(shí)通常要加上賓語如me，him，us等。例如：He said，“Go and tell her，Tom.”He told Tom to go and tell her.(2)直接引語中如果有表示客氣的please或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動詞do，改為間接引語時(shí)必須去掉。例如：He said to me，“Sit down，please.”He asked me to sit down.(3)含let的祈使句改為間接引語時(shí)，需根據(jù)它們表示的意義而定。例如：He said，“Lets go to the cinema.”He suggested going to the cinema.He suggested that we go to the cinema.即時(shí)跟蹤1(1)單句改錯(cuò)Sheadvisedmenottellthenewstohim.tell前加toTheteachersaidtoustostartwriting.saidtotold/asked/orderedHeaskedyoutoclosethedoorplease.去掉please(2)將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor？”heasked.HeaskedmeifIwouldmindopeningthedoor.“Dontrunsofast，”shesaidtohim.Shetoldhimnottorunsofast.Myfathertoldme，“Keepquietwhentheteacheristeaching.”Myfathertoldmetokeepquietwhentheteacherwasteaching.“Letsgoforawalk，”saidmyfriend.Myfriendsuggestedwe(should)goforawalk./Myfriendsuggestedgoingforawalk.“Couldyoupleaseshowmehowtousethecomputer？”heasked.Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldshowhimhowtousethecomputer.二、當(dāng)直接引語為表示建議、提議的祈使句或表示請求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問句時(shí)，多采用“suggestdoing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語氣should動詞原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/wantsb.todo”等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Johnsaid，“WhynotinviteMarytotheparty？”JohnadvisedmetoinviteMarytotheparty.Hesaid，“Willyouhelpme，please？”Heaskedmetohelphim.即時(shí)跟蹤2(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Headvisedustogooutforawalk.Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.Jacksuggestedthatweshouldgotothecinemathatnight.Jacksuggestedourgoingtothecinemathatnight.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Hetoldmedontinterrupthim.dontnottoMyfriendsuggestedmetostarttheworkimmediately.suggestedadvisedHecommandedthatallofuswouldthinkofwaystosolvetheproblem.wouldshould或去掉wouldHeaskedmegotovisithimthenextday.me后加toHeaskedhertodosomeshoppingforhimplease.去掉please高考鏈接.填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式1Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.(2015北京，33)2Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2015四川，8)3Itisdifficultforustoimaginewhatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.(2014山東，7)4Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.(2012福建，35)5Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.(2012北京，24)6Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.(2011四川，10)7Whenchanginglanes，adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowwhichlaneheisentering(enter)(2010上海，37).單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有一處錯(cuò)誤)1Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek？(2013浙江，短文改錯(cuò))movemoved2HesaidifIdecidetodosomething，ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme. (2013大綱全國，短文改錯(cuò))saidsays常用句式1Ihadapleasantoutingwithsomeofmyclassmatestoday.2Wewerecompletelyamazedatthewonderandthegreatnessofnature.3Itwastimeforustogobackwhenthesunbegantogodown.4Whatawonderfulweekendwehad!5Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.典例展示請寫一篇日記，日期為2015年5月1日，星期五，天氣晴。內(nèi)容包括以下幾點(diǎn)：1今天是國際勞動節(jié)，是一個(gè)重大的節(jié)日；2同朋友外出游覽。上午去東湖公園玩耍，中午在樹下野餐，飯后泛舟游東湖；3上岸后遇到外國朋友，和他們打招呼，他們報(bào)以微笑；用英語同他們攀談，他們很少說話，后來才知道他們是俄羅斯人，不太會說英語。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。聯(lián)想詞匯1國際勞動節(jié)InternationalLabourDay2決定做decidetodo.3在中午atnoon4向某人打招呼sayhellotosb.5與某人交談talktosb.佳作背誦May1st，F(xiàn)riday,2015SunnyTodayisInternationalLabourDayandwearefreefromschool.Inthemorning，theshinningsunwokemeupandIdecidedtospendmytimetogetherwithmyfriendsintheopenair.SowewenttotheEastLakepark.Andwehadourpicnicunderabigtreeatnoon.AfterlunchwerowedaboatontheEastLake.Wefoundourselvessurroundedbygreenplantsandlovelyfishes，alllivingandmovingslowlyinthecleanwater.Onlandingthebank，wesawsomeforeigners.Wesaidhellotothemwithbeautifulsmilesonourfacesandreceivedsweetsmiles，too.WetalkedtotheminEnglish，buttheydidntsaymuch.Atlast，wegottoknowtheywereRussiansandonlyknewalittleEnglish.Thatsreallyapity.將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1“Donttellhimthenews，”shesaid.Shetoldmenottotellhimthenews.2“Dontsmokeintheoffice，”wesaidtohim.Wetoldhimnottosmokeintheoffice.3“Whydontyoutryagainaftersupper？”heasked.Headvisedmetotryagainaftersupper./Hesuggestedmetryingagainaftersupper./HesuggestedthatI(should)tryagainaftersupper.4“Bob，besuretolockthedoorbeforeyougotobed，”mothersaid.MothertoldBobtobesuretolockthedoorbeforehewenttobed.5Hesaid，“Letshavearest.”Hesuggestedhavingarest./Hesuggestedwe(should)havearest.句型轉(zhuǎn)換6“Standwhereyouare！”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewas.7“Goandposttheletters，”themanagersaidtohim.Themanagertoldhimtogoandposttheletters.8Momtoldmenottotellalie.Momsaidtome，“Donttellalie.”9Heorderedthatweshouldgeteverythingreadythenextday.Hesaid/ordered，“Geteverythingreadytomorrow.”10“Willyougiveupsmoking？”mywifesaidtome.Mywifeadvisedmetogiveupsmoking.閱讀理解ATwomenweresittingtogetherinaplane.Theywereonalongjourney.Oneofthemenwasabusinessman.Theotherwasafarmer.Theysatwithouttalkingforawhile，thenthefarmersaid，“Letsdosomethingtopassthetime.”“Whatdoyouwanttodo？”thebusinessmanasked.“Wecanaskeachotherriddles，”thefarmersaid，“Youstart.”“Letsmaketherulesfirst，”thebusinessmansaid.“Thatsnotfair.Youareabusinessmanwithmuchknowledge.YouknowmorethingsthanIdo.Iamjustafarmer.”“Thatstrue，”thebusinessmansaid，“Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddo？”“Ifyoudontknowtheanswertoariddle，youpayme100.AndifIdontknowtheanswer，Illpayyou50，”thefarmersaid.Thebusinessmanthoughtaboutthis，thenhesaid，“OK.Thatsfair.Whowillgofirst？”“Iwill，”thefarmersaid，“Hereismyriddle.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks，butonlytwolegswhenitflies？”Thebusinessmanrepeatedtheriddle，“Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks，butonlytwolegswhenitflies？Mm，thatsagoodone.ImafraidIdontknowtheanswer.”Hegavethefarmer100，thensaid，“Tellmetheanswer.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks，butonlytwolegswhenitflies？”“Idontknow，”thefarmersaidandgavehim50.11Thestoryhappened.AonafarmBinashopCbeforealongplanejourneyDbetweentwopassengers答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段開頭提到“Two men were sitting together in a plane.They were on a long journey.One of the men was a businessman.The other was a farmer.”可知，兩個(gè)人坐在飛機(jī)上，進(jìn)行一次長時(shí)間的旅行，一個(gè)是商人，一個(gè)是農(nóng)民，故選D項(xiàng)。12Whatdoestheword“riddle”meaninthisstory?AAdifficultquestiontofindtheanswer.BSomethingtohelptomakerules.CSomethingtowinmoney.DAkindofgameindoingbusiness.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段提到“What do you want to do？ the businessman asked.We can ask each other riddles， the farmer said，You start.”商人問農(nóng)民想做什么，農(nóng)民說，我們可以問彼此一個(gè)問題，你開始吧，故選A項(xiàng)。13Whydidthebusinessmanagreetogivemoremoneyifhelost?AHemademuchmoremoneythanthefarmer.BHethoughtheknewmorethanthefarmer.CHewasinterestedinmakingriddles.DHewasbetteratplayingriddlegames.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到“Thats not fair.You are a businessman with much knowledge.You know more things than I do.I am just a farmer.(這不公正，你是個(gè)知識豐富的商人，你知道的事情比我多，我只是個(gè)農(nóng)民)”，故選B項(xiàng)。14Thefarmer.AenjoyedhimselfonhislongjourneyBdidntwanttopayevenonedollarCspentallhismoneyontheplaneticketDwonfiftydollarsbyplayingtheriddlegame答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段提到“He gave the farmer 100，then said，Tell me the answer.What has three legs when it walks，but only two legs when it flies？I dont know， the farmer said and gave him 50.”可知商人給了農(nóng)民100美元后，農(nóng)民不知道答案，于是又給了商人50美元，故可知選D項(xiàng)。BWhyarecertainpeoplesomemorable，whilesomefadefromourmemoriesovertime：lThisquestioncrossesmymindoften；therearemanypossibleanswers.Whenyouareraisingchildren，yourealizethatsomepeoplebecomeveryimportanttothem，drawthemin，acceptandrespectthem.Itchangesthem.Severalexamplescometomindwithmyyoungestson.Hewasalwaysmorecomfortablearoundhisdadsfriendsthanhisown.Helovedtospendtimewiththem，fishwiththem，listentotheirstoriesandjustbewiththem.Hehasexperiencedthelossofseveralreallymeaningfulfriendshipsoverthepastfewyears，andithasbeenverypainfulforhim.One，Dr.George，wasaneighborandfishingbuddywhowouldcalltoseeifKencouldgofishingwithhim.Dr.GeorgealwayssaidKenwasthesonheneverhadandthatitmeanteverythingtohim.Hediedverysuddenlywhilefishingwithallofhisbestbuddiesafewyearsago.ThehugeholethatleftinsomanylivessimplycannotbefilledforKenitwasimmenselypainful.Therewasanotherfishingbuddyofhisdads，F(xiàn)rank，whowasalwaysfuntobearound.Kenwasveryyoungthen，buthereallyenjoyedgettingalongwith“theguy”whentheywerefishing.FrankandhisfamilywenttotheKeysinthesameweekaswedidoneyearandthememoryremainstothisday.Cheerfulandhappy，hewasabletolaughathimselfandaccepteveryonesabilitiesorlackofthem，allqualitiesthatimpressedKensomuch.Whenhebecamedeadlyill，KendrovefromhishomeinNorthCarolinatoFloridaforanovernightvisitwithhim.Hediedashorttimelater.Thedayafterhisfuneral(葬禮)，F(xiàn)rankcametoKeninadreamandaskedifhewouldtakecareofhiswife，Carol.ToKenthiswasverymeaningful，andtodaytheyshareaspecialbondthatFranksomehowknewwouldbeimportantforthemboth.15Accordingtotheauthor，somepeopleareunforgettabletousbecauseof.AtheirgreatachievementsBtheirconsiderationandkindnessCgoodrelationshipsbetweenusDsuccessfulcooperationbetweenus答案C解析考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可推知，我們難以忘卻那些與我們保持良好關(guān)系的人。16Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“buddy”inthepassage?AFriend.BNeighbor.CInstructor.DGuide.答案A解析考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句以及文章內(nèi)容可推知，畫線詞是“朋友，伙伴”的意思。17Whatsthemainideaofthispassage？AItsinterestingtogofishingwithyourfathersfriends.BThefriendshipbetweenKenandhisfathersfriends.CMakingfriendswithadultsiseasierthanwithyourpeers.DThegoodrelationshipamongKensfamilies.答案B解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Ken與他父親的朋友們之間的故事，展現(xiàn)出了他們之間的深厚友誼。故答案選B。.語法填空Lastweek，ourclasswas18.ondutyinthecafeteriaforstudentselfmanagement.Onthefirstday，I19.wasshocked(shock) toseesomuchleftoverfoodthrownawaybystudents.Whatawaste！Beingconcernedaboutit，myclassmatesandIhada20.heated(heat) discussiononhow21.tosolve(solve) theproblem.Lotsofgoodideascameup，suchasholdingclassmeetings，puttingupwallnewspapersandchargingafineforwastingfood.Finally，weallagreedthatwallnewspaperwouldbe22.thebest(good) choice.Thenextday，weputourideaintoreality.Towardslunchtime，weputupawallnewspaperoutsidetheschoolcafeteria,23.calling(call) onstudentsnottowastefood.Manystudentsgatheredaroundtoreadand24.expressed(express) theirsupport.Tomygreatdelight，therewerechangessoon.Inthecafeteria，Ifoundthetrays(托盤) returnedafterlunchallempty25.withoutanyleftover.Food26.wassaved(save) andthedininghallwascleaner.Seeingthis，Ifeltrelievedandproudof27.whatwehaddone.短文改錯(cuò)Lastwintervacation，someofmyclassmatesdecidetotravelwiththeirfriends，whileIchosetotakeparttimejob.Iwantedtogainexperiencesandearnsomemoney.Ilearnedfrommyteacherthatanearbycompanywaslookingafterstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressonenvelope.Thepaywere10centperenvelope.Iheadedforthecompany，feelingsureIwouldeasyfi