被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧.ppt

被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧,一、翻譯成漢語的主動句 1、英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語 在采用此方法時, 我們往往在譯文中使用“加以”, “經(jīng)過”, “用來”等詞來體現(xiàn)原文中的被動含義。 例1. Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他問題將簡單地加以討論。 例2. In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經(jīng)過挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆破或類似作業(yè)才能獲得的物質(zhì)。,被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧,一、翻譯成漢語的主動句 2、將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語, 同時增補(bǔ)泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)做主語 例1. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人會指出, 無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點, 但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動、真實得多。 下列的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is asserted that 有人主張 It is believed that 有人認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)認(rèn)為 It is well known that 大家知道(眾所周知) It will be said 有人會說 It was told that 有人曾經(jīng)說,被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧,一、翻譯成漢語的主動句 3、將英語原文中的by, in, for等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語, 而英語原文中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。 例. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 許多人認(rèn)為, 普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比, 而且認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門的訓(xùn)練才能掌握。,被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧,一、翻譯成漢語的主動句 4、翻譯成漢語的無主句 例. Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. 在我們這個世紀(jì)內(nèi)研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊船了。 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is supposed that 據(jù)推測 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張地說 It must be admitted that 必須承認(rèn) It must be pointed out that 必須指出 It will be seen from this that 由此可見,被動語態(tài)的翻譯技巧,一、翻譯成漢語的主動句 5、翻譯成帶表語的主動句 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易做出的。 例2. On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 總的來說, 得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態(tài)度相同; 他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識而被扣分。,常用英漢互譯技巧,二、譯成漢語的被動語態(tài) 英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為所”, “使”, “由”, “受到”等表示。 例1. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. 這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應(yīng)所造成的。 例2. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental i