2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練三Module1BasketballPeriod3Grammar語(yǔ)法專題課構(gòu)詞法（轉(zhuǎn)換和派生）.docx

課時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練三 Period 3 Grammar語(yǔ)法專題課構(gòu)詞法（轉(zhuǎn)換和派生）. 閱讀理解A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead, ”he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis. ”【語(yǔ)篇概述】本文介紹了“Robotic Fly”, 它能像真的蒼蠅一樣自然飛行, 小小的翅膀能讓它停在空中, 表演各種飛行任務(wù)。1. According to the first paragraph, the robotic fly is _. A. larger than a fat housefly B. as large as a fat houseflyC. smaller than a fat housefly D. as large as a butterfly 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. 可知B正確。2. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _. A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application【解析】選B。推理判斷題。題干要求從第三段和第四段推測(cè), 所以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. 故選項(xiàng)A. consists of a flight device and a control system是片面的, 排除; 根據(jù)第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. 可知選項(xiàng)C中的from many sources應(yīng)為from many sites/places, 故排除; 選項(xiàng)D. has been put into wide application的定位在第五段Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. 可知已經(jīng)大量應(yīng)用是錯(cuò)誤的, 故排除?？v觀三、四兩段, 尤其是第四段尾句“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. 可推斷出只有B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time正確。3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Woods design can replace animals in some experiments. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。文章末段的to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead告訴我們這些機(jī)器人可以替代動(dòng)物, 故D正確?？忌枳⒁獾氖? 說(shuō)明文末段尤其帶有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞往往是題眼所在。根據(jù)第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. 可知A錯(cuò)誤, 故排除。文章最后一段中指出“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said. 并沒(méi)有說(shuō): 不允許拿動(dòng)物進(jìn)行生物實(shí)驗(yàn), 故排除B選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. 及“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis. ”可知以后會(huì)有更多的問(wèn)題等待我們?nèi)ヌ剿? 但并不是說(shuō)過(guò)去在研究昆蟲(chóng)飛行方面常常方法很少, 故排除C項(xiàng)。4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvards Breakthrough in Insect Study【解析】選C。主旨大意題。本題考查考生理解全文、提煉信息、概括總結(jié)的能力。選擇最佳標(biāo)題, 一般來(lái)說(shuō), 考生只有通篇理解文章傳遞的信息, 才可能概括出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng), A選項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)器人蒼蠅之父”, 文章的主題主要說(shuō)明“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”, 故排除。B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自工程學(xué)中的靈感”與文章的主題“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”關(guān)系不大, 故排除。D選項(xiàng)“哈佛大學(xué)在昆蟲(chóng)研究領(lǐng)域的突破”, 并沒(méi)有點(diǎn)明主題“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”, 故排除。C選項(xiàng)既交待了“Robotic Fly”又講了與真實(shí)生活中昆蟲(chóng)的關(guān)系, 所以正確答案為C。. 語(yǔ)法填空(2018全國(guó)卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 2. (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be) more effective at lengthening life 5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise. . . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9. (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. a try. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了跑步對(duì)身體健康的影響, 以及應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)。1. 【解析】longer?？疾楦痹~的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空后的than和句意可知, 此處應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)形式, 故填longer。2. 【解析】to see?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處意為: 你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好處。應(yīng)該使用不定式形式表示目的。3. 【解析】dying?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處作介詞of的賓語(yǔ), 且后有副詞early作狀語(yǔ), 故填動(dòng)詞die的-ing形式dying。4. 【解析】is?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)全文可知, 文章敘述的是一般的客觀陳述的事實(shí), 故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。it指代上一句的running regularly, 是單數(shù), 故填is。5. 【解析】than?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)前面的more effective可知, 此處表示“跑步在延長(zhǎng)生命方面比步行、騎車或游泳更有效”, 故使用表示比較形式的連詞than。6. 【解析】that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ), 其先行詞是study, 故填that/which。7. 【解析】causes。考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處的cause是名詞, 表示“原因”。根據(jù)其前的all可知, 應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 故填causes。8. 【解析】strengthen?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處應(yīng)該使用不定式形式作目的狀語(yǔ), 故填動(dòng)詞strengthen。9. 【解析】energetic?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處應(yīng)該使用與其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容詞energetic作表語(yǔ)。10. 【解析】it/running。考查代詞或名詞。根據(jù)句意可知, 此處表示“我們都應(yīng)該試著跑跑步”, 故填代詞it, 指代上文的running或者直接填running。閱讀理解Basketball is one sportperhaps the only sportwhose exact origin can safely be told. During the winter of 1891-1892, Dr James Naismith, a college instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, invented the game of basketball in order to provide exercise for the students between the closing of the football season and the opening of the baseball season. He attached fruit baskets overhead on the walls at opposite ends of the gymnasium, and, using a soccer ball, organized nine-man teams to play his new game. In this new game the purpose was to shoot the ball into one basket and try to keep the opposite team from shooting the ball into the other basket. Although there have been many changes in the rules (such as the reduction of the number of players on a team from nine to five), the game is basically the same today. The United States soldiers took it to the Philippines in 1900 and to Europe during World War , and, being adopted by foreign countries it soon became a world-w