2020版高考英語第一部分語言知識(shí)Unit2Fitforlife能力提升題組訓(xùn)練（含解析）牛津譯林版.docx

Unit 2Fit for life能力提升題組訓(xùn)練.閱讀理解A(2018南昌高三二模)Traditionally,robots have been hard,made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robotone that draws inspiration from an octopus (章魚).Described in science journal Nature,the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search,rescue and exploration.“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft,autonomous robots,”the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise,repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions.And they arent especially safe around humans,because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyve taken inspiration from nature,looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches,which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body,its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts,such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage,it holds great promise for several applications,such as search-and-rescue operations and exploration,”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technologys Center for Micro-BioRobotics,wrote in a comment.“Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life.”1. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”?A.Its soft. B.Its made of metal.C.Its very small. D.It looks like an octopus.2.Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?A.Theyre hard to control. B.Theyre too heavy to move.C.They cant predict conditions.D.They cant behave well all the time.3.One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots .A.silicone body B.complex componentsC.precise movements D.flexible power source語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文,美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)的科學(xué)家受到章魚的啟發(fā),制造了軟體機(jī)器人。這種機(jī)器人可用于搜救、探險(xiǎn)等行業(yè),比常規(guī)機(jī)器人更安全。盡管軟體機(jī)器人的開發(fā)和研究尚在早期階段,但這種機(jī)器人的出現(xiàn)也許會(huì)為人的健康和生活品質(zhì)的提高提供新的途徑。答案及剖析:1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句中的“The Octobot is a minimal system. completely soft,autonomous robots”可知,Octobot的特點(diǎn)是柔軟。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人無法在崎嶇的地形上很好地運(yùn)行,此外,由于堅(jiān)硬并沉重的金屬部件,傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人可能會(huì)對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生傷害,故可推知,傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人并非總是很好地運(yùn)行。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的第二句“Even if engineers build a silicone body.such as a source of power.”可知,即使工程師利用硅酮制造出了軟體機(jī)器人的身體,但建造柔韌性強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵部件仍面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn),如動(dòng)力來源。所以制造軟體機(jī)器人最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是柔韌性強(qiáng)的動(dòng)力來源。BI am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細(xì)胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,Im really sorry,Ive got some bad news for youthere are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please,youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier”in Paragraph 1?A.provider B.delivery manC.collector D.medical doctor5.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.6.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London. B.To Newark.C.To Providence. D.To Washington.語篇解讀:作者講述了自己一次運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的經(jīng)歷。表現(xiàn)了人們之間的友愛。答案及剖析:4.B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)下文的講解內(nèi)容“Ive done 89 trips”“from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most”等可知,作者是一個(gè)運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人,因此courier與B項(xiàng)中的delivery man同義。5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細(xì)胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.”可知答案。6.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“She arranged for a flight.re-routed(改道) me through Newark.”可知答案。.語法填空The first practical cooling system for use in industry was invented in 1922 1.Willis Carrier in New York,the USA.He continued to improve his 2.(invent) and,in 1928,developed the first air conditioner for home use.In 1939,eleven years later,an American car company introduced the first air conditioner for cars,which made 3.possible for people to drive in a more comfortable environment.After World War,many American 4. (company) began making air conditioners and,beginning in 1950,many homes in the USA 5.(equip) with central air conditioning.Central air conditioning uses a single unit 6.(heat) or cool a whole house.With this,people could escape the heat of summer and the cold of winter no matter 7.they were in the house.In the 1970s,electricity became more and more expensive,so people developed 8.(good) air conditioners 9.(save) money.Later,the cooling gas in air conditioners was found to pollute the environment,so engineers 10.(work) to produce air conditioners more friendly to the environment since the 1980s.答案及剖析:1.by考查介詞。該空前面的was invented說明該句是被動(dòng)語態(tài),Willis Carrier是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,故在其前加介詞by。2.invention考查名詞。形容詞性物主代詞his之后應(yīng)用名詞。3.it考查代詞。it作形式賓語。4.companies考查名詞。名詞company被many修飾,應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)。5.were equipped考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)。由結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞;敘述過去的事情應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);且句子主語復(fù)數(shù)名詞many homes與equip是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。6.to heat考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。use sth.to do是固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示“用做”。7.where考查狀語從句。結(jié)合句意,“不論人們?cè)诜孔永锏娜魏蔚胤?他們都可以躲避冬季的寒冷和夏季的炎熱”。8.better考查形容詞。結(jié)合語境“electricity became more and more expensive”可知電越來越貴,為了省錢,所以人們研制出了更好的空調(diào)。9.to save考查非謂語。動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。10.have been working考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句子中的時(shí)間狀語since the 1980s說明科學(xué)家們一直在工作以研發(fā)更環(huán)保型的空調(diào),表動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);句子主語復(fù)數(shù)名詞engineers與work是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。.短文改錯(cuò)(2018安徽淮北高三三模)Dear teachers and students,It is great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learn English with you.I spend a lot of time on English because I believe English is very important nowadays.As for me,the following learning methods are very effect.First,I always prepare lessons careful before class,so it is easy that for me to keep up with the teacher in class.Second,I listen closely in class and do exercise immediately after class,which helps me gain a deep understanding of which I have learned.Third,I read English novels in my spare time so that I can learn more about western cultures and enlarge my vocabulary.Beside,listening to English songs help correct my pronunciation.The more I learn English,the easy it becomes.I hope you will enjoy learning English as well.答案:Dear teachers and students,It is great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of English with you.I spend a lot of time on English because I believe English is very imp