2018版高考英語復(fù)習(xí)攻略Unit4Sharing限時規(guī)范特訓(xùn)新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Sharing.閱讀理解(建議用時16)A2016江蘇高考Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (認(rèn)知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇研究報告。科學(xué)家通過比較黑猩猩和小孩子的行為得出結(jié)論，黑猩猩很自私，而很小的孩子就會幫助別人，與人合作和分享，這是人的本性。1What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?AChimps seldom care about others interests.BChimps tend to provide food for their children.CChimps like to take in their neighbors food.DChimps naturally share food with each other.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的實驗得知，黑猩猩不關(guān)心、不在乎同類。故A項正確。其中C項干擾性較大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜歡那么做。2Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they _.Ahave the instinct to help othersBknow how to offer help to adultsCknow the world better than chimpsDtrust adults with their hands full答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩幫助他人是出于本能。故A項正確。B項太片面；C、D兩項文中沒提到。3The passage is mainly about _.Athe helping behaviors of young childrenBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案：C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者通過對黑猩猩和小孩進(jìn)行的實驗證實了助人、與別人合作是人獨有的本能。A項干擾性較大，文章不是簡單地介紹了小孩子的助人行為。1minimum adj. 最低的；最小的2decline vt. 謝絕；婉言拒絕；下降；衰退3cooperative adj. 合作的；同心協(xié)力的4unrelated adj. 無關(guān)聯(lián)的；不相關(guān)的5considerably adv. 很；非常；相當(dāng)多地1no better than 與(幾乎)一樣；和(幾乎)一樣壞2intend to do 打算做BChildrens lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years. But do they have a happier childhood than you or I did?Its difficult to look back on ones own childhood without some element of nostalgia (懷舊的). I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them, playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods. My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure. These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically. Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children. It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isnt time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child. As a result, todays boys and girls spend much of their time alone. Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside. More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldnt dream of letting their children play outside by themselves. Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different. Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood. The irony (令人啼笑皆非的事情) is that so many ways of playing games are called “interactive”. The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had? I personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文回顧了50年以來兒童生活發(fā)生的變化，辯證地比較了當(dāng)前兒童的生活與過去兒童生活上的差異。4What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph?ATo get peoples attention and lead in the topic.BTo gather peoples opinions on childhood.CTo show who the passage is written for.DTo compare the childhood lives of two generations.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文講述的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提出的問題主要是引起人們的注意并導(dǎo)入話題。5Which is NOT a reason for the changes?AFamilies are smaller today.BParents worried too much about their children.CToys can be played by children alone at home.DIts too dangerous to play outside.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用排除法，根據(jù)第三段“Firstly, families are smaller，”“.more than they used to about real or imagined dangers.”以及第四段第一句中“the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different.”可知，A、C、D均是童年生活發(fā)生改變的原因，而B項中的內(nèi)容并非是導(dǎo)致童年生活改變的原因。6What has the writer focused on in the fourth paragraph? AYoung people today shouldnt play electronic games.BSome games that young people play today arent really good.CComputer and video games have replaced the board games.DBoard games are much more interesting than computer games.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“The irony is that so many ways of playing games are called interactive. The fact that you can play.increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.”可知，作者認(rèn)為如今青少年玩的一些游戲真的不太好。故選B。7The writers attitude towards the childhood changing is _.Aapproving B.unconcernedCobjectiveD.optimistic答案：C推理判斷題。本文在論述童年生活上的變化時，均是很客觀地列舉事例來證明。故選C。1explore vt. 探索；探測2severe adj. 嚴(yán)峻的；嚴(yán)厲的3afford vt. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起；足以買得起4replace vt. 取代；代替5relaxing adj. 輕松的；放松的1bring up 養(yǎng)育；培養(yǎng)；嘔吐；提出2a huge amount of 大量的(修飾不可數(shù)名詞).七選五(建議用時7)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Scientists and educators in the US and China say its important to introduce very young children to new technologies. _1_ They say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking.Even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulatemove and control images. _2_Mitchel Resnick is codeveloper of a codelearning program called Scratch Jr. He says that is exactly what programming is all about. “Each block tells the character what to do. You snap the blocks together, and youve made a computer program. _3_ This block make the cat go to the right. This one makes the cat jump. By snapping them together I make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.”Parents decide how much time their children can spend using modern technology. But Sandra Calvert, director of the Childrens Digital Media Center at Georgetown University, says its all around us. “_4_ Just as its a worry that there may be too much screen time, there is also a concern that our children will be left behind if they dont know how to use the technologies that are going to shape the 21st century careers, jobs and how we are going to succeed as a nation.”Children between the ages of 4 and 15 use tools and machines at socalled “maker spaces” in Beijing. The maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop. _5_ The young people are part of the socalled“maker movement，”a doityourself community connecting people who like to make things with their hands.AThere, children use tools and machines like 3D printers to create and build projects.BEach block has a different behavior.CComputer scientists perform lots of research in computer theory and systems.DThey advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.ETablet computers with touchsensitive screens are perfect for lining up simple commands.FThe education and development of our children are extremely important.GWe live in the digital age.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹的是讓小孩子盡早了解新科技，可以使孩子們不會對抽象思維感到恐懼。1D上文介紹的是中美科學(xué)家及教育家的觀點，下文介紹的是盡早了解新科技帶來的好處，故該空應(yīng)是他們提出的建議。2E根據(jù)上文中的“move and control images”可知，此空應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容與執(zhí)行命令有關(guān)系。E項中的lining up simple commands符合語境。故選E。3B根據(jù)上下文中的關(guān)鍵詞Each block，blocks及This block可知，答案是B。4G根據(jù)下文中“.that there may be too much screen time.”可知，答案是G(我們生活在數(shù)碼時代)。5A根據(jù)上文“The maker space basically serves as an openaccess workshop.”可知，A項中的there為關(guān)鍵詞。.語法填空(建議用時8)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。2017成都龍泉高三測試An old proverb says, “Friends are like wine; the older, the better.” So, nowadays many people consider old friends to be _1_ (important) than new friends. For example, if two pieces of advice are given to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from _2_ old friend, people always tend to adapt the latter one, _3_ the new friends advice may be better._4_ (disagree) with the old proverb, I believe that new friends are not _5_ (necessary) worse than old friends. Why? Because the _6_ (long) of time cannot determine whether your friendship is better or not.Once you call someone friend, he must be a reliable person, _7_ interests are in common with _8_ (you). As time goes by, a friends outside look may change, but the inside characters of him and his interests _9_ (change). It is just these unchangeable characters and interests that make him a friend to you. _10_， on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new friends.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本篇為議論文。俗話說，朋友似酒，愈久彌香。可作者卻提出了這樣的觀點，他認(rèn)為新朋友并不比老朋友差。1more important考查形容詞的比較級。由空格后的than可知，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。2an考查不定冠詞。由空格前的“a new friend”可知，此處也應(yīng)用不定冠詞，表泛指。3though/although考查連詞。由句意“雖然新朋友的建議可能更好，可人們總是傾向于采納后者(老朋友)的建議”可知，應(yīng)該填though或although。4Disagreeing考查分詞作狀語。因disagree與邏輯主語I之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示主動含義因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。5necessarily考查副詞。此處副詞修飾形容詞worse。6length考查名詞。定冠詞the之后應(yīng)跟名詞length，介詞短語of time是length的后置定語。the length of time “時間的長度”。7who