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CET-4 LISTENING,蘇州環(huán)球雅思 陳靜,Smiley available in:,Mail: Phone:QQ: 354085205 Microblog: 跳跳糖敵敵畏,聽力考試試題結構,聽力部分總比重:35% 四種題型: 11-18 short conversation 8% 19-25 long conversation 7% 26-35 passage comprehension 10% 36-46 compound dictation 11道題 10% 0.5x8+3x2=10%,聽力改革機考,70%,35%,短對話,短對話是四級考試中最有規(guī)律也最易提高的一個部分 所考的一般是與特定文化背景相結合常用語言點,所以不會考兩人見面互相問候whats cooking? 短對話部分產生了一些固定的套路和思路,我們不難發(fā)現,近年的短對話出題主要分為三大類型:,數字類時間日期、價格錢款、倍數分數,一、時間日期(絕跡) 題型特點:題目中出現兩個或兩個以上的時間,并針對其中某個時間或二者間的關系進行提問 解題對策: 聽提前先瀏覽選項,如果看到與時間有關的數字或表達,迅速在旁邊做個小記號,提醒自己聽這道題應全神貫注,準備隨時記錄聽到的各個時間。,考查的是考生對信息的進一步加工的能力。即,將聽到原始信息加工到有答題價值。,知識儲備,常用的標志時間的詞匯: daily, each day, day by day, from day to day; weekly, monthly; yearly, annual; every 3 days , every other two days; every other day; the other day ; another day ,previously, formerly,時間的讀法:7:45,兩種讀法,一種記法 a q t 8 用回頭率換正確率(聽到什么寫什么,a quarter to 8,然后回頭檢查時再將其“翻譯”為時刻),二、價格錢款,題型特點:題目中會出現貨幣價格等,并針對其進行提問。 考的較少,但涉及的基礎知識是聽力提高的基石,會以不同的形式出現在其他類型的題目中,不能小覷。,知識儲備,常用貨幣單位,及其相互轉換: 1dollar=10 dimes =100 cents, a quarter ; pound penny pence; Euro (European dollar) 常用詞匯: discount, on sales, on offer, bargain, deal, voucher, cash voucher, complimentary gift,三、倍數分數,倍數:double,twice as much as, triple, three times as much as 分數:基數詞+序數詞pl形式 e.g. a third, a half a quarter one and a third,(2)關鍵詞類人物關系、地點場景,一、人物關系 題型特點:就對話中出現或提及的人物身份及相互關系進行提問,??缄P系: Teacher&student, doctor&patient, waiter/waitress/shop assistant/ attendant& customer, boss&secretary air crew& passengers,二、地點場景 題型特點:題目中出現某一特定地點或場景的詞匯、表達,要求猜測對話發(fā)生的場所及推測人物正在進行的活動或討論的話題等。是短對話中??嫉囊活愵}。,解題對策: 以關鍵詞為突破口,進行場景聯想推斷,需要考生熟練掌握??嫉膸最悎鼍埃私獯祟愵}目??嫉乃悸?地點場景總結,四級聽力段對哈的場景比較廣泛,但總體圍繞一個中心:以學習生活場景為主。 我們將常見的地點場景分為4類: 校園生活;日常生活;交通出游;工作求職;,(一)校園生活,1.論文 場景思路: 1.論文topic難定 ; 2.數據資料難找(想借的書借不到,借到的沒用,想還的過期了(overdue) ;,3.導師tutor要求嚴格; 4.好容易寫完后發(fā)現電腦壞了break down,crash(沒保存),或去打印時printer 壞了,要么就是queue/wait in a long line,場景詞匯,professor 教授; teaching fellow 講師; tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 導師; faculty 全體教職員工;,type(type it out),typewriter, print,printer, sketch,draft,data,graph,chart,table,topic, thesis/ paper(1.論文 2.報紙 3.文件 4.紙張), laptop,desktop, laboratory,language lab; library,librarian;,lend / borrow / check out ; reference book ;renew ;overdue ;return,2.演講、上課、講座 場景思路: 1.演講過程難,有挑戰(zhàn)性:自己的演講感到緊張,但效果往往不錯;別人的演講要么rewarding,wonderful,exciting,inspiring要么boring,人們dozen off,2.課程內容難,不感興趣;作業(yè)往往多而難(但若認真聽課,勤奮學習就沒問題),男生成績差考試很難(道路曲折但前途光明) 3.雖然老師professor講課boring,但學生對教授評價往往較高如果聽懂了非常精彩,場景詞匯,presentation, speech ,address, report 演講,報告; challenging, demanding,有挑戰(zhàn)性; feel nervous=have butterflies in ones stomach=ones heart is pumping out, come through with flying colors=successfully course,lecture,assignment,exam=quiz,,borrow the girls note, reading assignment-extensive reading, take the course =sign up for the course; register;pick up +課程名 學習 selective course / elective course / optional course; required course / compulsory, seminar; credit;introductory course;advanced course; Final exam; middle exam ;take a make-up test補考;pop test 突擊測試,補充詞匯: freshman 大一新生; sophomore 大二; junior student 大三; senior student 大四學生; undergraduate student 本科生 ; graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生 doctor student博士; post doctor student 博士后,(二)日常生活,這類場景是對校園生活的補充,主要涉及有關購物消費,餐飲娛樂和日常交往等方面的話題。,1 購物、買票、訂房間 場景思路: 1.學生窮,一般買的都是大減價的商品; 2.票一般很難買,需斗智斗勇; 3.訂房間、座位時一般都出問題(即使當時沒問題,后來也會出問題),但最終都能解決。,場景詞匯,cost sb. an arm and a leg ; on sales=on offer; quite a bargain; steal, stolen from ; Shopping mall; department store; supermarket (WALMART,TESCO);,supplies; appliance; necessity; essential; make a reservation;confirm a reservation ; cancel a reservation ;be fully booked / full up / full 客滿;,tips小費; at the reception 前臺 check in 登記入住; check out 退房,single room 單人房; double room一張雙人床房, twin room 兩張單人床的房間; suite 套房; bathroom/toilet /wate closet/restroom 廁所; room service 客房服務; lobby大堂; ball 舞廳;bar酒吧;,2.餐飲娛樂,這類場景主要涉及有關外出就餐,日常飲食,休閑娛樂和文化藝術等方面。 場景思路: 1.一般與美食無緣:不想吃,不能吃; 2.所以有幸吃完后一定要贊美,場景詞匯,menu; order; steak; dessert; appetizer; appetite; have no appetite/stomach for; Bon appetit main course 主菜; apple pie 蘋果派,make a reservation; reserve a table定位子; buffet自助餐, 快餐; fancy restaurant; meal ticket(飯票); eat out =dine out Eat here or take away ?堂吃還是外賣;,foot the bill 付賬 ; Lets go dutch A A制; My treat. 我請客; service charge 服務費; change 找零; tips 小費; keep the change 不用找零; Even my mothers cannot match this.(贊美食物好吃)我媽媽做的都比不上。,3.生病受傷,場景思路: 1.中國學生窮,生病受傷一般先拖著,直到比較嚴重才去看?。?2.病情一般不會太嚴重,注意飲食、休息、運動; 3.生病有時會耽誤課(本人并不情愿)miss the class, (drop the class,skip the class),場景詞匯:,medical center醫(yī)療中心; clinic診所; physician 內科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科醫(yī)生 dentist牙醫(yī);,make an appointment預約; emergency room急診; check up / exam 檢查; cold感冒; flu流感 ; headache頭痛; sore throat嗓子痛; fever發(fā)燒;,stomachache胃疼; dizzy, faint 頭暈; vomit,throw up嘔吐; twist ones ankle, break ones leg, hurt/strain ones back;,the remedy for/against治的藥方 remedy sth 治療.; symptom 癥狀; cure sb.of a cure for 治愈; prescribe開處方 fill the prescription按方抓藥;,pill / tablet 藥片 liquid藥水 injection/shot 注射 operation 手術 medical result 診斷結果,4. 約會、打電話,場景思路: 1.電話打不通/打錯 2、想找的人不在 3、約好的事做不了 4、想辦的事辦不成,場景詞匯: cell phone 手機;pay phone 公用電話; telephone box/booth 電話亭; run out of coin, fit sb./sth in 找到時間(見某人、做某事) The doctor can fit you in today.醫(yī)生今天能跟你見面;,stand sb. up=cool ones heel放某人鴿子; cut off被中斷; hold on 別掛機; hang up=get off掛斷; dial the wrong number=there is no one by this name 打錯電話了; receiver 聽筒 slot 投幣孔; hook 鉤 telephone book = yellow pages 電話簿,5居家住房,場景思路: 1.電視 television,冰箱 fridge,烤箱 oven 電腦 computer需常修理; 2.房子難租:出租的房一般不會太好;價格一般較貴; 3.老外熱情,喜歡幫朋友找住處; 4.去別人家做客時,往往找不到門; 5.如果要搬遷,理由一定是冠冕堂皇的:一般是為了方便工作學習,場景詞匯: live on campus 住校; live off campus 住校外; suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心; rent 出租;condition 住房條件;unfurnished 無裝修; blackout=powerfailure斷電; repair修理, maintenance維護保養(yǎng), apartment complex公寓樓;,fill in/ fill out/ fill up填表格; bedroom 臥室; living room 起居室,客廳; rest room 廁所; land lord 房東; land lady 房東太太; tenant 房客; neat 整潔的; considerate 體貼的,細心的; messy / untidy 臟亂的; noisy 吵鬧的,(三)交通出游,1.交通 場景思路: 1.出門是極困難的:騎自行車掉鏈,公交車難擠,擠上了也會拋錨; 開私家車堵車,上了路也會出車禍; 2.但車禍一般是死不了人的。,場景詞匯: license 駕照; rush hours 高峰時間; heavy ;traffic jam; be held up in the traffic被堵在路上; behind schedule= delay晚了; on schedule = on time; break traffic rules ; go speeding =be over speed 超速; overtake 超車;,one way street 單行道; police officer 交警; get a ticket被開罰單; pay the fine 交罰金; subway(美)/ underground(英) 地鐵; fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 機動車道; overhead 輕軌; flyover 過街天橋,2.機場場景 場景思路: 1.機票經常售完,改坐別的航班; 2.趕飛機時間緊,但大都趕得上; 3.接人晚點送人傷感; 4.行李需檢查,場景詞匯: airplane/direct flight 直達航班; hall 候機廳;terminal 候機大廳,終端; first class頭等艙=business class; economy class經濟艙; confirm the flight 確認航班 check in 登記 boarding card 登機牌 security check 安檢,see sb.off 為sb.送行 keep in touch with 與保持聯系; board on 登機; switch off the cell phone; 關掉手機; take off 起飛; departure time 起飛時間;,safety/seat belt 安全; flight attendant乘務員; free food/snack available 提供免費食物; make a safe landing 安全降落; land 降落; pick up 接機,(四)工作求職,場景思路: 1.工作難找,面試需好好準備; 2.對現有的工作不很滿意; 3.工作累人,日程安排緊,場景詞匯: have an opening for =job vacancy 有空缺職位 recruitment agency 職業(yè)介紹所; headhunter=head-hunting company; headhunting=executive search; paper報紙;,brochure 宣傳小冊; flier 傳單; interview面試; resume簡歷; certificates證書; 身份證明identification =ID; qualification; reference letter推薦信;,cover letter自薦信; a tight schedule; psychometric test 心理測試, hand-writing analysis 筆跡分析; work overtime 加班; ask for a pay raise 加錢; wage 周薪;salary 日薪;bonus獎金;allowance 津貼; get a promotion升職; dismiss sb.=fire sb.=give sb. the gate/boot/canvas解雇;,resign辭職; retire 退休; laid-off 下崗; post / position / title 職務; holiday 假日,假期; vacation休假; annual leave年假; ask for sick leave 病假; coffee break休息喝咖啡.,(3)轉換推理類雙向轉換、邏輯推理 (難點),一、雙向轉換 題型特點:所考察的問題在原題中有明確的對應答案,但往往不是原來的表述,正確答案常常是原文表達的同義或反義轉換(視聽錯位) 解題對策:迅速瀏覽題目,劃出關鍵詞,熟練掌握,知識儲備:同義表達 passer-by=people who pass by=pedestrian Call off=cancel; interesting=fascinating=stimulating=not boring Go over=brush up on,Hit the ceiling=be very angry (2005.12.20) Be starving=ones stomach is grumbling=Im not half=I can eat like a horse Have a taste for=like doing sth.=go in for 。,二、邏輯推理,否定 虛擬 比較,(一)否定類 題型特點:通過對話人的語音,語調,談話的內容,對事物的褒貶表達,來判斷說話者的態(tài)度看法。難度較大,題目出現幾率大約為2-3道題 解題對策:“透過現象看本質“,鍛煉從暗示,轉折,引申中推斷答案的能力。掌握英文常用的肯定、否定表達,了解真實條件句和虛擬語氣的用法,熟悉比較句型,知識儲備,表示同意: Yeah! How true! Exactly! Absolutely! Well said! You got it! You said it! You can say that again. You bet! Thats for sure. My opinion exactly! You took the words out of my mouth. I wish I had said that.,Could be! Yes, youve point there. I am with you there So it seems! So to speak! In the manner of speaking. Thats one way of looking at it.,正式同意: I share your view on that! It makes a lot of sense . I couldnt agree with you more. You are a genius.,Youre really talented! Okay, you are the doctor. I think I will go along with your proposal. I get your back. Out of question,不同意: Not really. Not at all. Of course not. No way. Not a chance. In your dreams. Over my dead body. Do you really think so . If I were you I wouldnt speak too soon.= Dont speak too soon.,I am not convinced. Im afraid we dont see eye to eye on this. That was not the case. No, I dont agree. Dont waste your breath. You must be joking. / kidding .,You cant be serious. I wasnt born yesterday. Thats ridiculous. Its pure fiction. Non-sense! Thats out of the question!,(二)條件句及虛擬語氣 條件句有兩種,一是真實條件句,二是虛擬條件句。真實條件句表達的意思是直接而明顯的,一般有可能實現; 虛擬條件句是間接而含蓄的。 聽到條件句時首先想它是真實的還是虛擬的。,條件句中以if引導居多, 它們經常用省略的形式,如if possible, if any, if not, if so, if necessary, if needed等, 聽省略形式的條件句,主要應該抓住主句的基本內容, as long as, so long as, suppose, supposing, lets say,虛擬語氣可以表示與事實相反的含義。 表示與現在及將來事實相反的虛擬條件時,謂語的主要形式為:當從句為過去式,主句為wouldshouldcouldmight+動詞原形; 表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件時,謂語動詞的主要形式為:當從句為had+過去分詞,主句則用wouldshouldcouldmighthave過去分詞。 聽力中考的相對簡單,虛擬語氣就是把時態(tài)往過去推。,常用于引導虛擬語氣的詞有: were if I were you I would=you should 00.06.4 W: If I were you, I would have accepted the job as if, as though, if only, provided that, but for, if it were not for, if it had not been for,(三)比較句 等比情況 用原級表比較: as+adj原形+as not half as good as 不等比情況 用比較級表最高級 No one knows better. No one knows more aboutthan,用比較級最高級表否定 should be better. You deserve better. be the last thing I want in the world, be the least of worries, be superior to, be inferior to , prefer A to B, prefer to do A rather than do B ,would rather do A than do B. be far from satisfactory sth. leaves much to be desired,短對話解題技巧,利用試音及中途停頓時間看選項,學會迅速瀏覽選項并劃出關鍵詞,或找出選項的不同之處,便于迅速把握各選項涵義,減少反應時間。 如果選項中有數字,迅速記下來。 看到選項中出現場景詞匯可大致猜測一下對話的內容和問題。 盡量多瀏覽幾道題,如果時間不夠,至少看完前三道題。,聽到試音結束,立即停止瀏覽,集中精力看要做的題目,利用選項做相關記錄 一定穩(wěn)定心態(tài),沒聽清也不要慌,繼續(xù)聽下面的。 把握聽力關鍵小詞,如轉折、因果、時間、暗示等,對關鍵句型要敏感,如反問、建議等,著重聽but, although 等后面的話,這些往往是答案所在。 如果有沒有聽清的,可依靠常識、平時的特定場景及思路進行判斷與猜測。,解題原則,一、兜圈子原則 即所謂的“聽到什么不選什么”:多數情況下,對話中一般沒有現成的答案,需對對話進行推理,故直接在對話中聽到的一般不是正確答案。 在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞,或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。,1.語音、語調: 通常用降調,特別是在一般疑問句或反義疑問句中用降調,表示對事物的肯定; 用升調,特別是在肯定句中或特殊疑問句中用升調,表示對事物的懷疑和否定。 有時通過反義問句的否定含義來表達說話人的意圖。,2.事物間的聯系 不直截了當地回答問題,而是大放煙霧彈,需要腦筋急轉彎,順藤摸瓜,領會說話人意圖 3虛擬語氣表達相反的意圖,二女尊男卑原則:一般男生地位低,女生較為“上等”。 男生提出的觀點女生都是不同意或有不同看法的,反之女生提出的觀點男生都是同意和贊賞的。 男生不論學習工作生活上往往都時已受挫,女生則常常春風得意。,三悲慘原則: 所談論事必然坎坷波折多磨難,決不可能一帆風順,意外是一定發(fā)生的,但通過主人公積極發(fā)揮主觀能動性,往往結局較好。即血淚交加中的光明與希望,曲折性與前進性相統(tǒng)一。 四常識原則: 符合常識的不一定總對,但不符合常識的,日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生的;內容不合理的,比較荒謬的選項,不利于精神文明及和諧社會建設的,一定不對.,平時的訓練:,首先,要糾正發(fā)音,應注意熟悉并模仿純正英語的發(fā)音。還要注意連讀弱讀等, 其次,注意積累并理解常考的場景和思路,掌握每個場景相關常考的詞匯和表達。 然后,最重要的是聽真題。,一份真題最好能聽三遍: 1.邊聽邊做題,然后核對答案 2. 不看原文再聽一遍,著重聽做錯的題。 3.將仍做錯的題找出,看著原文聽一遍,并總結出錯的原因:,單詞沒聽清,單詞不認識,不熟悉特殊語音現象引起的變音,固定搭配不理解。 五套題,聽力水平會有大幅提升。聽爛一套題比濫聽十套題更有效。 重視常用語的固定表達與固定搭配,如果不了解其中固定用法的意義就不能判斷說話人的意圖,這就要求我們熟練掌握、積累短語、習語、慣用法的意義。,長對話,長對話考察的內容和形式與短對話十分相似,一脈相承,是短對話的加長版,屬于短對話到篇章聽力理解的過渡形式。 從量上說:通常為6-9個回合,時間控制在1:40-2:00之間。信息量大,關鍵信息容易被淹沒,持續(xù)時間長,容易走神。 從質上說:題目常以客觀題為主,輔以少量的主觀判斷題。題目類型,出題規(guī)律等與短對話極為類似,句子口語性強,考點往往蘊含在長句中,且分布得比較均勻(對話的開篇,中間和結尾),可依據順序原則進行答題。,長對話命題特點總結,1. 一般會有一題整體把握,考察對話主題、對話人物關系或對話地點場景等。 若為多話題內容,則選擇其中幾個話題進行考察; 若為內容為單一事件的描述,則關注事件的起因、經過、結果等方面; 若為調研性內容,則考察點往往可能集中到被調研人的觀點、意見、建議等方面。,2. 對話的開頭和結尾幾句話往往是考察的重點,同時還會根據題目設置,針對對話中部的一兩處進行提問。 問題的設置符合順序原則。在文中問答交替處,尤其是問題的回答部分。 出現以下“燈塔詞匯”的地方往往為問題答案所在,或者答案的同義轉述。,a.轉折詞:But, However, Nevertheless, Otherwise, Whereas ,Yet, Unfortunately,In contrast b.動詞:Said, Told, Discovered, Found, Showed, Indicated. c.語氣加以強調的詞:frst, last, most, just, only d.此外,出現下列情況時考生也應多注意:舉例、重復、設問,這些地方也是答案集中區(qū)域。,解題步驟與原則,總原則:與短對話正好相反,“聽到什么選什么”。 1、答案設置的順序原則:問題的順序與行文順序一致。 2、對于較短的選項,可以邊聽邊看選項,一般都是細節(jié)題。,3、較長的選項,如果時間充裕,可以快速瀏覽并劃出其關鍵詞,掌握選項的大致含義。如果時間緊迫,來不及瀏覽選項,可以先集中精力聽完文章,做好記錄,回頭再仔細閱讀每個選項,結合筆記作答。 出現長選項的題一般以主旨大意題為主,考查的是整篇文章的中心主旨等,所以概括性強、反應中心的選項一般更有可能是正確答案。,4、首末句加中間:一般而言,對話的開頭結尾對應著第一和最后一道題,對所選答案不確定時,可以看那個選項與首末句最為接近。聽到中間部分時要對上面總結的幾類“燈塔詞匯”分外敏感,著重記錄,防止混淆。,知識儲備:一詞多義,paper: 1 論文 2005.06.33. W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer. M: Why dont you buy one yourself? Think how much time you could save. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?,2008.12.1717. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee? W: Id love to, but Im exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation?,2 報紙 2002.06.9 M: Excuse me, Id like to place an advertisement for a used car in this Sunday edition of your paper. W: Ok, but you have to run your advertisement all week. We cant quote rates for just Sunday. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place,3.紙 2001.01.6 W: Im looking for a quality paper to type my essay. I dont see any on the shelf. M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. Ill go and check. Q: What does the woman want to buy?,bill,1 賬單,買單。 2007.12 passage 3 and thus you dont have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once.,2)提案。 We all passed the bill on yesterdays board meeting. 在昨天的董事會上我們全票通過該提案。,3)紙幣。 2003.9.passage two The guards and other employees stood back and let him stuff the bills in his shirt and pants without trying to prevent him from taking the money. Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please. 4)人名,book,1)書。本意,簡單名詞。圖書館場景中常見。(textbook, bookstore 較常出現) 2001.01.8. M: I bought a few books at the new bookstore. Would you like to have a look at them? W: A few? It looks like you bought out the bookstore Q: What does the woman mean?,2002.01.2. W: Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library? M: It closed before I got there. I had no idea that it closes so early on weekends. Q: What does the man mean?,2) 預定,訂購。 be booked up 被預定空了;booking office 售票處 All the rooms have been booked up. 2006.01.7 M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive. W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment. Q: What does the woman mean?,2007.6 長對話1 W: No, no, hold on-according to our records, a room for 5 guests was booked under your name. 2008.12.長對話1 . Once the jobs over, thats it. Im not on their books any more.,change,1) 改變,更改。 Id love to date a different type of man for a change.,2000.01.9 M: Jane, you wont be able to get to the airport in time to catch the 10 oclock flight. W: I realize that now. Ill have to get my ticket changed. Q: What will the woman have to do?,2) 零錢。 Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change. 2001.01.1 M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.,check,1)檢查,查看。 check our baggage 檢查行李,托運行李。 check on it 問問看 Maybe I should call to check on it. 也許我應該打個電話問問看。 2001.01.6 M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. Ill go and check,2002.01.3. M: Did you check the power plug and press the play button? 2004.06.8 W: Hello, this is Doctor Gray s office. We re calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual check - up tomorrow. 2006.01.8 M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.,2)登機臺 check-in counter 2002.06.8 M: Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles 3)支票。 sign the check a check for+金額,copy,1) 一本,一份 2003.09.3 Id like to buy a copy of Professor Franklins book On American Culture. 2000.06.1 Would you like a copy of professor Smiths article?,2005.01.7 W: Professor Newman, a few of us at the back didnt get a copy of your reading assignment 2) 復印 簡單動詞。 Could you copy this article for me?,count,1) 數數 2002.12. You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings,2) 依靠 count on 依賴 You can count on it 2002.06.4 M: Well have to count on good weather. But if it does rain, the whole thing will have to be canceled.,cover,1) 封面。 hard cover 精裝書=hard back book cover figure The hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback this week in the bookshop. She seldom reads books from cover to cover.,2) 讀完,完成。 2002.06.3 W:I think weve covered everything. What about a cup of coffee before we move onto the next item 2003.06.長對話 W: oh, I didnt read straight through the way you read a novel, I just covered a few chapters which interested me most.,3) 覆蓋,包涵 2006.6.17 It can cover large buildings. 2007.12 It generally covers a wide variety of medical services and you are often given a list of doctors in the area where you will travel who may even speak your native language. 4) 掩護 (CS),drop,1) 拜訪。drop by 2003.06.21 M:I wonder if you can drop by tomorrow evening. The Steven sons are coming over to dinner. Id like you to meet them. 我想知道你能否在明晚過來 2) 載人一程。 2003.09.6 M: Okay. Im going home but I can drop you at the supermarket.,3) 忘掉,放棄。drop it 2005.01.2 M: Im going to drop my Information Science class. It needs too early in the morning. W: Is that really the good reason to drop the class, Tony?,4) drop sb. a line 給某人寫信 2008.12 Well, Ive been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally, dropping: 2009.06 Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them, particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds.,expect,1) 期待,被認為。 2009.06 Oh, I expect old Jake will get by. He is healthy at least, comes into a clinic for a check regularly。,2)

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