仁愛版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)大綱

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)期末考試復(fù)習(xí)Unit1 Topic1be going to+V.原型：表示計(jì)劃、打算、有目的做某事注：以下兩種情況不能用該結(jié)構(gòu)(1)臨時(shí)決定要做某事 e.g. Someone is knocking at the door, and I will open it.(2)客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事，自然規(guī)律 e.g. Tomorrow will be Sunday. People will die without water.Unit1 Topic2雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）：指人：間接賓語指物：直接賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+to sb. e.g. bring me the book=bring the book to meV.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+for sb. e.g. buy me a computer=buy a computer for me可帶兩個(gè)賓語的詞：bring, buy, do, give, lend, pass, tell, show, teach, hand, send, write等Would/ Do you mind?Would/ Do you mind+動(dòng)名詞?Would/ Do you mind+ if從句?注：would比do更加委婉should “應(yīng)該”表示義務(wù)、提出或征詢建議，后跟動(dòng)詞原型e.g. We should save water.Unit1 Topic3一般將來時(shí)：will/ shall+V.原型表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或?qū)矸磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示將來的時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in five years, in the future, next week/month/year注：1.There be句型用于一般將來時(shí)：There will be=There is/are going to be 2.一些表示位移的動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來：come/ go/ arrive/ leave等Unit2 Topic1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：should(shouldnt),had better(had better not)的用法should表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任、勸告或建議，“應(yīng)該做某事”e.g. You should not eat too much meat.had better表示建議，“在目前情況下最好做某事”e.g. You had better go to see a doctor.注：肯、否、一般疑問句式Unit2 Topic2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must(mustnt), may, can1.(1)must表示必須；must be表示肯定推測(cè) e.g. The man in black shirt must be his father. (2)must開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答Yes,主+must. 否定回答No,主+dont/doesnthave to.或No,主+neednt.e.g. Must she study hard? Yes, she must. No, she doesnt have to. (3)mustnt表示禁止，不允許 e.g. Students mustnt cheat in the exam.2.(1)can表示能力 e.g. Birds can fly. (2)can表示邀請(qǐng)、允許、請(qǐng)求等，意為“可以，能夠”e.g. Can you come to my birthday party? (3)can在否定句和疑問句中表示可能性 e.g. He cant be that boys father.3.(1)may表示允許，意為“可以” e.g. May I come in? (2)may表示推測(cè)，意為“可能” e.g. She may be still waiting for us. (3)may表示祝愿 e.g. May you have a happy weekend.Unit2 Topic3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和have to1. must (1)表示必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者的主觀看法 e.g. You must take care of your parents. (2)表示一定（肯定性推測(cè)） e.g. He must be at home. (3)表示勸告,必須要做某事,表明事情的必要性與重要性e.g.You must do more exercise. (4)mustnt表示不允許，禁止 e.g. You mustnt play on the road.2.have to表示不得不，必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的需要e.g. If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.e.g. He has to leave now.反身代詞:(1)作代詞或介詞的賓語 (2)作主語或賓語的同位語Unit3 Topic1used to的用法:(1)used to +V.原型“過去常常做某事”，可以與but now, but notany more, but notany longer連用，現(xiàn)在和過去形成對(duì)照e.g. I used to watch TV, but now I have to study.否定句 (usednt/ used not) /(didnt use) to do sth.; 一般疑問句used/did開頭e.g. He usednt to get up early./ He didnt use to get up early.e.g. Did you use to be afraid of the dark?(2)usedto+be+adj.“過去常常存在的狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在情況已變”e.g. He used to be short, didnt he?注：be used to doing sth./ get used to doing sth. 表示“習(xí)慣于”e.g. He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early.Unit3 Topic2感嘆句(1)What +(a/an)+adj.+主+謂！e.g. What a cute boy he is ! What fine weather it is!(2)How+ adj./adv.+主+謂！e.g. How tall she is！ How fluently she speaks English!Unit3 Topic3過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作主要結(jié)構(gòu)：was/ were +V.ing常用時(shí)間狀語：then, at this/that time yesterday, at nine last nighte.g. I was doing my homework at nine last night.Unit4 Topic1&Topic2形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、21.用于人或事物之間的比較，兩個(gè)人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用比較級(jí)，表示“較”或“更一些”2.用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間的比較時(shí)，用最高級(jí)，表示一群人或事物中，其中一個(gè)“最”3.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化： a.一般在詞尾加-er或-est e.g. smaller/smallest younger/youngest b.以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-st e.g. nicer/nicest c.以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞”，變y為i再加-er或-est e.g. happier/happiestd.“輔+元+輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的單詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加-er或-est e.g. bigger/biggest e.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，要在原級(jí)前加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí) (2)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterBestbad/ill/badlyworseWorstlittlelessLeastmany/muchmoreMostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest4.用法 (1)比較級(jí)a.“比較級(jí)+than” e.g. Cats aremore lovely than other animals.b.“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than” e.g. This article is less difficult than that one.c.“比較級(jí)+than+ any other+單數(shù)名詞” e.g. He is taller than any other boy in his class.d.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)” e.g. She is becoming more and more beautiful.e.“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)” e.g. The more, the better. f.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two” e.g. He is the taller of the two.注：如果比較對(duì)象相同，可再用that/those代替第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象e.g. The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan. The eggs in this basket are more than those in that basket.比較級(jí)可用much, a little, a lot, even等修飾，使原來的比較級(jí)在語意上更加明確e.g. He runs much faster than me. Chickens are much smaller than cows.(2)最高級(jí)a.“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍”（比較范圍常用of, in, among引導(dǎo)的短語表達(dá)）e.g. She is the oldest of these children. Lily is the youngest in her class.b.“the+序數(shù)詞+adj.最高級(jí)+名詞”e.g. The yellow river is the second longest river in China.c.“one of+the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”e.g. This river is one of the longest rivers in our hometown.d.“the+最高級(jí)”e.g. Monday is the busiest day.注：最高級(jí)前要加定冠詞the，但如果最高級(jí)前有形容詞性物主代詞，名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，則不用定冠詞。e.g. Jack is my best friend.Unit4 Topic3賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充賓語的成份，通常置于賓語之后，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語共同構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，句型：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語1.可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：make, let, ask, invite, wish, want, help (1) make sb. v./adj./n. let sb. v. (2)ask/ invite/ want/ wish/tell sb. to do sth. (3)