中譯外--文化與漢英翻譯-10.ppt

中國文化與漢英翻譯,Part I. 語言與文化的關系,文化是人類在認識世界和改造客觀世界的社會活動中相互聯(lián)系、相互影響、相互作用時建立起來的，是一個社會的物質(zhì)文明和精神文明的總和。 語言與文化相輔相成，語言是文化的重要組成部分，也是文化賴以傳播的物質(zhì)表達形式。(李運興，漢英翻譯教程主編，新華出版社) 語言和文化共生，共存。(游汝杰，復旦大學中國語言文學研究所，博士生導師) Language is a substantial but partial reflection of a culture. (Newmark，英語言學家、翻譯家、翻譯理論家),Part II. 文化的處理模式,1）文化直入（the Go-ahead Model） 源語文化表達形式直接進入譯文。 翻譯方法：音譯或直譯 音譯: 陰陽 (yin and yang)，旗袍 (qipao, cheongsamt:sm)，氣功 (qigong)，江湖(jianghu) 直譯：hot-dog (熱狗)，五講四美 (five stresses and four points of beauty),2）文化阻斷（the Block Model） 源語文化表達形式小時，文化意義沒有進入譯入語語篇。 常見于古漢語中的尊稱和自謙語 尊稱： 令尊（your father），令堂（your mother），令郎（your son）、令愛（your daughter） 如：鄙人/小生/晚生（I），賤內(nèi) (my wife)，家父/母（my father/mother），家兄/姐（my elder brother/sister），舍弟/妹（my little brother/sister），小兒/女（my son/daughter），寒舍/敝舍（my house），淺談 (on),3）文化詮釋（the Annotation Model）為源語文化表達形式提供文化語境信息。 采用“翻譯+注釋”的形式，如： 包子 Baozi - steamed buns(小圓面包) with stuffing 李白 Libai the famous poet in ancient China,4）文化異化（Foreignization）要求譯者向原文作者靠攏，采取原文作者使用的表達方式傳達原文的內(nèi)容。 常見于英漢成語、歇后語、習語的翻譯。如： arm to the teeth 武裝到牙齒（全副武裝） crocodile tears 鱷魚的眼淚（偽善的眼淚/貓哭老鼠假慈悲） a dark horse 黑馬（出人意料的獲勝者） ivory(aivri,象牙) tower 象牙塔（為避免現(xiàn)實生活的煩惱而處身的小天地）,Time is money. 時間就是金錢。（一寸光陰一寸金） domino effect 多米諾（骨牌）效應（連鎖反應） mini-skirt 迷你裙（超短裙） bottleneck 瓶頸（阻礙的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)） In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is King. 盲人國里，獨眼人稱王。（山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。） Theres no smoke without some fire. 無火不生煙。（無風不起浪。）,5）文化歸化（Domestication）源語表達形式略去，代之以譯語的形式，源語文化意義喪失。 常見于成語、歇后語、習語的翻譯。如： 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 得寸進尺 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. The more one gets, the more one wants. 木已成舟 Whats done is done.,as stupid as a goose 蠢得像豬 kick the bucket 翹辮子/死掉 as poor as a church mouse 一貧如洗 neither fish nor fowl(家禽) 不倫不類/非驢非馬 talk horse 吹牛 as timid as a rabbit 膽小如鼠,lead a dogs life 過著牛馬不如的生活 put all ones eggs in one basket 孤注一擲,知識儲備: 有關詞匯 春節(jié) the Spring Festival (New Years Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 元宵節(jié) (燈節(jié)) the Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) Qingming Festival,Part III 譯例分析中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,端午節(jié) (農(nóng)歷五月初五) the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋節(jié) (農(nóng)歷八月十五) the Mid-Autumn Festival the Moon Festival 重陽節(jié)/登高節(jié) (農(nóng)歷九月初九) the Double Ninth Festival (中國)情人節(jié)/七夕 (農(nóng)歷七月初七) the Double Seventh Festival Qixi Festival the Chinese Valentines Day,知識儲備: 春節(jié)的有關詞匯 過年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 對聯(lián) poetic couplet(對句,對聯(lián)) - two successive rhyming lines in poetry 春聯(lián) Spring Festival couplet 剪紙 paper-cut(s),Part IV 譯例分析春節(jié)專題,年畫 New Year paintings 買年貨 special purchases for the Spring Festival do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast 燈籠 lantern - a portable light 注：red lantern/light district 紅燈區(qū) red lamp 紅燈記,煙花 fireworks 爆竹 firecrackers 紅包 red packets - cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolizing fortune and wealth in the coming year 舞獅 lion dance - The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck. 舞龍 dragon dance - to expect good weather and good harvests,戲曲 traditional opera 雜耍 variety show 燈謎 riddles written on lanterns 守歲 staying-up 拜年 pay New Years call give New Years greetings(祝賀,問候) New Years visit,禁忌 taboo 去晦氣 get rid of the ill-fortune 祭祖宗 offer sacrifices(貢品,祭品) to ones ancestors 壓歲錢 gift/lucky money - money given to children as a lunar New Year gift 辭舊歲 bid farewell to the old year 掃房 spring cleaning,年糕 Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake 團圓飯 family reunion dinner 年夜飯 New Years Eve dinner 餃子 Jiao-zi (stuffed) dumplings Chinese meat ravioli(,rviuli,意大利小方餃) 湯圓 Tang-yuan - dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings,例句翻譯 春節(jié)，又稱農(nóng)歷新年，它是中國最重大的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。時間通常在一月底，二月初。在新年的第一天，每人都穿上新衣服， 走親訪友并且鞠躬祝福，為的是新年能有好運氣。 The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival in China, which usually comes in late January or early February. On the first day of the new year, everybody wears new clothes and calls on/visits relatives and friends with bows and congratulations, wishing each other the best during the new year.,春節(jié)前，人們打掃屋子、在大門上貼大紅對聯(lián)、放鞭炮。據(jù)傳說，這樣做是為了驅(qū)趕一個叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子一定會在一起會餐，最受歡迎的主食是餃子，人們認為它能帶來好運吉祥。 Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving away a demon named Nian. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a get-together banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune.,知識儲備: 有關詞匯 結婚典禮 wedding ceremony 結婚紀念日 wedding anniversary 新娘 bride 新郎 bridegroom/groom,Part V 譯例分析婚俗,主婚人/司儀 officiator fiieit 牧師 pastor/priest 伴郎 groomsman 伴娘 bridesmaid 蜜月 honeymoon,例句翻譯 中國是一個有56個民族的大國。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但無論是哪個民族，結婚儀式都很復雜。 China is a large country with 56 nationalities. Different nationalities have different marriage customs, but whatever the nationality is, the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated.,傳統(tǒng)的中國婚禮儀式包括6個必備步驟，它們是：說媒、定親、聘禮、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一個標準的中國婚禮會如下進行：在一對新人訂婚后，接下來就是挑選吉日成親。 The traditional Chinese marriage ceremony usually involves 6 necessary procedures, namely: match-making, engagement, betrothal(bitrul 婚約) presents, meeting the bride, three bows and drinking cross-cupped wine. In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is/gets engaged, what follows is a choice of the date of their marriage.,大部分人會挑選節(jié)假日或某個中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，為的是親戚朋友們能來參加婚禮。不過，有一些人，尤其是鄉(xiāng)下人很有可能請算命先生挑個結婚的吉日（通常是雙日子），這樣就是雙喜臨門了。 Most people would favor a holiday or a traditional Chinese festival, for its convenient for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding on that day. However, quite a few others, especially those in the countryside, would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date (usually an even number) so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. 注：奇數(shù) odd/uneven number, 偶數(shù)