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一、設計概況1、選題背景武漢xx賓館位于武漢市徐東路,為一座按三星級標準設計的賓館。xx賓館建筑面積約6200m2,地下一層,地上九層,地面建筑高度30.6 m,地下室深4.2 m。地下室主要為設備機房,鍋爐房,給排水專業(yè)設備間,配電間等。一、二層為餐廳、大堂和休息廳,三到九層為標準客房。本設計將為該賓館設計一套中央空調系統(tǒng),夏季供冷,冬季供熱。2、方案論證大堂、餐廳、休息廳采用低速全空氣系統(tǒng),設備簡單,初投資較省,維修簡便;為防止菜肴味道進入大堂、休息廳,同時考慮到運行時間問題,餐廳應與大堂、休息廳分開設置獨立的空調系統(tǒng)。中庭利用風機盤管處理回風,新風由大堂滲透提供。地上一層層高較高,采用頂棚散流器平送,二層層高較低,采用側送風,二級吊頂??紤]到客房的使用率,防止能源浪費,標準客房層采用風機盤管加獨立新風系統(tǒng),當某房間沒人時,可單獨關閉該房間的風機盤管系統(tǒng)??照{水系統(tǒng)為一次泵定水量系統(tǒng),雙管制,閉式循環(huán)。水系統(tǒng)分為兩個環(huán)路,一、二層為一環(huán),標準層為二環(huán),均為同程式系統(tǒng)。采用閉式循環(huán)的優(yōu)點有:管道與設備不易腐蝕;不需為提升高度的靜水壓力,循環(huán)水泵壓力低,從而水泵功率小;由于沒有貯水箱,不需重水回水,回水不需另設水泵等,因而投資省,系統(tǒng)簡單。定水量系統(tǒng)簡單,不需要變水量定壓控制。同程式各管段阻力損失接近相等,管網阻力不需要調節(jié)即可平衡。空調系統(tǒng)的冷熱源選用直燃溴化鋰吸收式冷溫水機組,因為溴化鋰吸收式制冷機能適應各種熱源,是一種節(jié)能產品,用吸收式制冷機的系統(tǒng),耗電量較小,僅為離心式制冷機1/5左右。直燃式溴化鋰吸收式制冷機集鍋爐和制冷機于一體,具有體積小,結構緊湊等優(yōu)點。所以,綜合考慮,選用直燃溴化鋰吸收式制冷機較為合理。二、設計參數和冷、熱負荷計算1、 武漢市室外空調設計參數臺站位置:北緯3037, 東經11408, 海拔23.3 m夏季空調溫度:35.2 夏季空調室外計算濕球溫度:28.2 冬季空調溫度:52、 室內空調主要設計參數 室內溫度/相對濕度/新風量/m3/(h人)夏冬夏冬中餐廳26186555504020西餐廳26186555504020大堂27166550504010休息廳27166550504018客房26206550504030中庭271665505040183、 冷負荷計算3.1、外墻和屋面瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷qc()=ak(tc()+td)kk-tr (3-1)式中 qc() 外墻和屋面瞬變傳熱引起的逐時冷負荷,w; a 外墻和屋面的面積,m2; k 外墻和屋面的傳熱系數,w/(m2 ),由暖通空調附錄2-2和附錄2-3查??; tr 室內計算溫度,; tc() 外墻和屋面冷負荷計算溫度的逐時值,由暖通空調附錄2-4和附錄2-5查??; td 地點修正值,由暖通空調附錄2-6查?。?k 吸收系數修正值,取k=1.0; k 外表面換熱系數修正值,取k=0.9;3.2、內圍護結構冷負荷 qc()=aiki(to.m+t-tr) (3-2) 式中 ki 內圍護結構傳熱系數,w/(m2 ); ai 內圍護結構的面積,m2;to.m 夏季空調室外計算日平均溫度,;t 附加溫升,可按暖通空調表2-10查取。3.3、外玻璃窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷qc() = cw kw aw ( tc() + td tr) (3-3)式中 qc() 外玻璃窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷,w; kw 外玻璃窗傳熱系數,w/(m2 ),由暖通空調附錄2-7和附錄2-8查得; aw 窗口面積,m2; tc() 外玻璃窗的冷負荷溫度的逐時值,由暖通空調附錄2-10查得; cw 玻璃窗傳熱系數的修正值;由暖通空調附錄2-9查得; td 地點修正值,由暖通空調附錄2-11查得;3.4、透過玻璃窗的日射得熱引起的冷負荷qc() = c aw cs ci djmax clq (3-4)式中 c 有效面積系數,由暖通空調附錄2-15查得;aw 窗口面積,m2;cs 窗玻璃的遮陽系數,由暖通空調附錄2-13查得;ci 窗內遮陽設施的遮陽系數,由暖通空調附錄2-14查得;djmax 日射得熱因數,由暖通空調附錄2-12查得;clq 窗玻璃冷負荷系數,無因次,由暖通空調附錄2-16至附錄2-19查得;3.5、照明散熱形成的冷負荷白熾燈 qc() = 1000 n clq (3-5-1)日光燈 qc() = 1000 n1 n2 n clq (3-5-2)式中 n 照明燈具所需功率,w; n1鎮(zhèn)流器消耗功率稀疏,明裝時,n1=1.2,暗裝時,n1=1.0; n2燈罩隔熱系數,燈罩有通風孔時,n2=0.50.6;無通風孔時,n2=0.60.8; clq照明散熱冷負荷系數,由暖通空調附錄2-22查得。3.6、人體散熱形成的冷負荷3.6.1、人體顯熱散熱形成的冷負荷qc() = qs n clq (3-6-1)式中 qs 不同室溫和勞動性質成年男子顯熱散熱量,w,由暖通空調表2-13查得; n 室內全部人數; 群集系數,由暖通空調表2-12查得;clq 人體顯熱散熱冷負荷系數,由暖通空調附錄2-23查得;3.6.2、人體潛熱散熱引起的冷負荷 qc() = ql n (3-6-2)式中 ql 不同室溫和勞動性質成年男子潛熱散熱量,w,由暖通空調表2-13查得;n,同式3-6-1。101美食城 (a=35.49=318.6 m2)西玻璃幕墻瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.0 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=4.2(3.32+3.68)=148.68 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.99.29.29.08.67.86.96.1qc()2685.23087.93490.73803.13982.994117.34117.34027.73848.73490.73087.92729.9透過西玻璃幕墻的日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.74 ci=1.0 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=148.68 m2clq0.180.190.20.280.40.50.540.610.50.240.230.21qc()8005.88450.68895.412453.517790.822238.424017.527130.922238.410674.510229.79340.1東內墻冷負荷ai=4.2(3.32+3.62)=57.96 m2 to.m=31.9 t=2 ki=1.75 w/(m2 )由式3-2得 qc() = 801.3 w照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)美食城采用暗裝熒光燈 由旅館建筑空調設計81頁查得每平方米照明功率17w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=17318.6=5416.2w=5.42kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()487.46433.3406.22379.13324.97297.89920.751489.461651.941760.271841.511922.75人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(6:0022:00) 美食城每平方米0.8人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=60.5w n=0.8318.6=255 人 =0.93clq0.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.940.950.95qc()11334.611765 12195.412482.412625.912912.813056.313199.813343.213486.713630.213630.2qc17383.1合計28717.729148.129578.529865.5300093029630439.430582.930726.330869.831013.331013.3潛熱散熱 ql=73.3w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=73.32550.93=17383.1w菜肴的冷負荷菜肴的冷負荷以每人30w 算 qc() =25530=7650 w102休息廳 (a=11.49=102.6m2)西外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=1.7 a=94.2-23.5=30.8m2tc()33.532.832.432.132.132.332.833.735.036.738.740.50.9(tc()+td)31.6831.0530.6930.4230.4230.631.0531.8633.0334.5636.3637.98t4.684.053.693.423.423.64.054.866.037.569.3610.98qc()281.08243.24221.62205.41205.41216.22243.24291.89362.16454.05562.16659.46西外窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷(雙層鋼窗,淺藍布簾)時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.2 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=3.52=7 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t5.05.96.87.57.98.28.28.07.66.85.95.1qc()126.42149.18171.93189.63199.74207.33207.33202.27192.16171.93149.18128.95西外窗日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.86 ci=0.6 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=7 m2clq0.210.220.230.370.60.750.840.730.420.10.10.09qc()306.63321.23335.83540.26876.091095.111226.531065.91613.26146.02146.02131.41照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)休息廳采用暗裝熒光燈 由中央空調制冷網查得每平方米照明功率15w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=15102.6=1539w=1.54kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()138.51123.12115.43107.7392.3484.65261.63423.23469.4500.18523.26546.35人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(8:0024:00) 休息廳每平方米0.2人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=58w n=0.2102.6=21 人 =0.93clq0.70.750.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.94qc()792.92849.56894.86928.85962.83985.48996.811019.471030.791042.121053.451064.78qc976.5合計1769.421826.061871.361905.351939.331961.981973.311995.972007.292018.622029.952041.28潛熱散熱ql=50w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=50210.93=976.5w103大堂 (a=14.412.9=185.76 m2)西外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=1.7 a=4.22.4=10.08m2tc()33.532.832.432.132.132.332.833.735.036.738.740.50.9(tc()+td)31.6831.0530.6930.4230.4230.631.0531.8633.0334.5636.3637.98t4.684.053.693.423.423.64.054.866.037.569.3610.98qc()91.9979.6172.5367.2267.2270.7679.6195.53118.53148.6183.98215.82南外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=0.4 a=14.44.2=60.48m2tc()33.933.533.232.932.832.933.135.435.932.432.931.30.9(tc()+td)30.8730.5130.2429.9729.8829.9730.1532.2232.6729.5229.9728.53t3.873.513.242.972.882.973.155.225.672.522.971.53qc()456.41413.96382.11350.27339.66350.27371.5615.63668.7297.2350.27180.44東外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=1.7 a=12.94.2=54.18m2tc()32.132.834.135.637.238.539.540.240.540.740.740.60.9(tc()+td)30.4231.0532.2233.5735.0136.1837.0837.7137.9838.1638.1638.07t3.424.055.226.578.019.1810.0810.7110.9811.1611.1611.07qc()361.33427.89551.5694.13846.26969.881064.961131.521160.051179.071179.071169.57西內墻冷負荷ai=10.54.2=44.1 m2 to.m=31.9 t=1 ki=1.75 w/(m2 )由式3-2得 qc() = 455.33 w照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)大堂采用暗裝熒光燈 由旅館建筑空調設計81頁查得每平方米照明功率20w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=20185.76=3715.2w=3.72kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()334.37297.22278.64260.06222.91204.34631.581021.681133.141207.441263.171318.9人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(8:0024:00) 大堂每平方米0.2人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=58w n=0.2185.76=38 人 =0.93clq0.70.750.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.94qc()1434.81537.291619.281680.771742.261783.261803.751844.751865.251885.741906.241926.74qc1627.5合計3062.33164.793246.783308.273369.763410.763431.253472.253492.753513.243533.743554.24潛熱散熱ql=50w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=50380.93=1627.5w104,105,106中餐廳 (a=4.53.6=16.2 m2 )東外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=1.7 a=4.23.6-22=11.12m2tc()32.132.834.135.637.238.539.540.240.540.740.740.60.9(tc()+td)30.4231.0532.2233.5735.0136.1837.0837.7137.9838.1638.1638.07t4.425.056.227.579.0110.1811.0811.7111.9812.1612.1612.07qc()95.84109.5134.87164.15195.37220.74240.26253.92259.77763.68263.68261.73東外窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷(雙層鋼窗,淺藍布簾)時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.2 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=22=4 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.99.29.29.08.67.86.96.1qc()86.6999.69112.69122.81128.59132.92132.92130.03124.25112.6999.6988.13東外窗日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.86 ci=0.6 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=4 m2clq0.630.410.270.270.250.230.20.150.10.080.070.07qc()525.65342.09225.28225.28208.59191.91166.87125.1683.4466.7558.4158.41照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)中餐廳采用暗裝熒光燈 由中國空調制冷網查得每平方米照明功率17w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=17318.6=5416.2w=5.42kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()24.7922.0320.6619.2816.5215.1546.8275.748489.5193.6497.77人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(6:0022:00) 中餐廳每平方米0.6人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=60.5w n=0.616.2=10 人 =0.93clq0.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.940.950.95qc()444.49461.37478.25489.51495.13506.39512.01517.64523.26528.89534.52534.52qc681.69合計1126.181143.061159.941171.21176.821188.081193.71199.331204.951210.581216.211216.21潛熱散熱ql=73.3w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=73.3100.93=681.69w菜肴、火鍋冷負荷菜肴冷負荷以每人30w 算 qc() =3010=300w火鍋冷負荷以每人100w 算 qc() =10010=1000w201中餐廳 (a=17.710=177m2)玻璃幕墻以雙層6mm厚的普通玻璃算西玻璃幕墻瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.0 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=3.3(3.3+3.64)=58.41 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.99.29.29.08.67.86.96.1qc()318.85366.67414.5451.7472.96488.9488.9478.27457.02414.5366.67324.16透過西玻璃幕墻日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.74 ci=0.6 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=58.41 m2clq0.210.220.230.370.60.750.840.730.420.10.10.09qc()665.46697.15728.831172.471901.312376.632661.832313.261330.91316.88316.88285.2東內墻冷負荷ai=10.53.3=34.65 m2 to.m=31.9 t=2 ki=1.75 w/(m2 )由式3-2得 qc() = 479.04 w照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)中餐廳采用暗裝熒光燈 由中國空調制冷網查得每平方米照明功率17w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=17177=3009w=3.01kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()270.81240.72225.68210.63180.54165.5511.53827.48917.75977.931023.061068.2人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(6:0022:00) 中餐廳每平方米0.6人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=60.5w n=0.6177=107 人 =0.93clq0.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.940.950.95qc()4756.084936.695117.35237.715297.915418.325478.525538.735598.935659.135719.345719.34qc7294.08合計12050.212230.812411.412531.81259212712.412772.612832.81289312953.213013.413013.4潛熱散熱 ql=73.3w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=73.31070.93=7294.08w菜肴、火鍋的冷負荷菜肴的冷負荷以每人30w 算 qc() =30107=3210 w火鍋的冷負荷以每人100w 算 qc() =100107=10700w202,203中餐廳 (a=7.63.6=27.36m2)西玻璃幕墻瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.0 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=3.33.6=11.88 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.99.29.29.08.67.86.96.1qc()64.9374.6784.4191.9896.3199.5697.3997.3993.0784.4174.6766.01透過西玻璃幕墻日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.74 ci=0.6 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=11.88 m2clq0.210.220.230.370.60.750.840.730.420.10.10.09qc()135.51141.96148.42238.76387.16483.97542.05471.06271.0264.5364.5358.08照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)中餐廳采用暗裝熒光燈 由中國空調制冷網查得每平方米照明功率17w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=1727.36=465.12w=0.465kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()41.8637.2134.8832.5627.9125.5879.07127.91141.86151.16158.14165.12人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(6:0022:00) 中餐廳每平方米0.6人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=60.5w n=0.627.36=17 人 =0.93clq0.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.940.950.95qc()755.64784.33813.03832.16841.72860.85870.42879.98889.55899.11908.68908.68qc1158.87合計1914.511943.21971.91991.032000.592019.722029.292038.852048.422057.982067.552067.55潛熱散熱 ql=73.3w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=73.3170.93=1158.87w菜肴、火鍋的冷負荷菜肴的冷負荷以每人30w 算 qc() =3017=510 w火鍋的冷負荷以每人100w 算 qc() =10017=1700w204中餐廳 (a=7.67.2=54.72m2)西玻璃幕墻瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.0 kw=3.01 w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=7.23.3=23.76 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.99.29.29.08.67.86.96.1qc()129.86149.34168.82183.96192.62199.12199.12194.78186.14168.82149.34132.02透過西玻璃幕墻日射得熱引起的冷負荷時間101112131415161718192021c=0.75 cs=0.74 ci=0.6 djmax=539 w/m2 aw=23.76 m2clq0.210.220.230.370.60.750.840.730.420.10.10.09qc()271.02283.92296.84477.52774.32967.941084.1942.12542.04129.06129.06116.16照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時(16:00第二天2:00)中餐廳采用暗裝熒光燈 由中國空調制冷網查得每平方米照明功率17w時間101112131415161718192021n1=1.0 n2=0.5 n=1754.72=930.24w=0.93kwclq0.180.160.150.140.120.110.340.550.610.650.680.71qc()83.7274.4269.7665.1255.8251.16158.14255.82283.72302.32316.28330.24人體散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間16小時(6:0022:00) 中餐廳每平方米0.6人顯熱散熱時間101112131415161718192021qs=60.5w n=0.654.72=34 人 =0.93clq0.790.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.930.940.950.95qc()1511.281568.661626.061664.321683.441721.71740.841759.961779.11798.221817.361817.36qc2317.74合計3829.023886.43943.83982.064007.184039.444058.584077.74096.844115.964135.14135.1潛熱散熱 ql=73.3w 由式3-6-2得 qc()=73.3340.93=2317.74w菜肴、火鍋的冷負荷菜肴的冷負荷以每人30w 算 qc() =3034=1020 w火鍋的冷負荷以每人100w 算 qc() =10034=3400w205西餐廳 (a=11.49=102.6m2)西外墻冷負荷(雙面抹灰型墻)時間101112131415161718192021k=1.95 w/(m2 ) td=1.7 a=93.3-41.5=23.7m2tc()33.532.832.432.132.132.332.833.735.036.738.740.50.9(tc()+td)31.6831.0530.6930.4230.4230.631.0531.8633.0334.5636.3637.98t5.685.054.694.424.424.65.055.867.038.5610.3611.98qc()262.5233.39216.75204.27204.27212.59233.39270.82324.89395.6478.79553.66西外窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷(單層6mm厚玻璃鋼窗,淺藍布簾)時間101112131415161718192021cw=1.0 kw=5.94w/(m2 ) td=3 aw=41.5=6 m2tc()29.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.630.829.929.1tc()+td32.032.933.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.1t6.06.97.88.58.9

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