英語國家社會(huì)與文化入門01Unit1.ppt

Two goals: Reading English Learning about culture of English- speaking countries,REQUIREMENTS: Class participation 25% Homework 25% Final exam 25% Term paper 25%,Commonwealth of Nations:,With 52 countries which used to be British colonies. （/wiki/File:Commonwealth_of_Nations.svg）,Europe: Cyprus, Malta, UK Africa: Botswana, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, United States, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago South America: Guyana,For one thing, the days of empire are now long enough ago that only old people remember it as anything of any importance in their lives. 比如，大英帝國時(shí)代過去太久，現(xiàn)在只有在老年人的記憶里，大英帝國才有那么一點(diǎn)兒意義。,Par 2, p 2 not least in the close relationships which exist with the countries which used to be a part of that empire, and which maintain links through aorganization. 尤其是同英聯(lián)邦國家的密切關(guān)系，那些國家曾是英帝國的一部分，現(xiàn)在通過英聯(lián)邦這樣一個(gè)松散、自愿參加的組織保持關(guān)系。,What is the key theme? - It is not easy to sum up the characteristics of the British people in a few words.,p. 4 Stereotype： A fixed (usually wrong) image of somebody or something.,British people are different from each other in terms of： region religion gender economy race,Par 2, p. 4 it is a society with a class-structure. It is possible to exag- gerate the importance of this class-structure, because, but it is true that. 英國是一個(gè)有階級(jí)的國家。我也許夸大了這種階級(jí)體系的重要性，讀者會(huì)說大多數(shù)國家都有某種階級(jí)存在，但是英國的階級(jí)構(gòu)成的確比較明顯。,Par 3, p. 4 though the boundary between them is not marked on any map, and exists only as a rather unclear mental attitude. 注釋8：，只是一條模糊的、存在于人們心理上的緯線。 改：雖然這個(gè)差別并沒有標(biāo)注在任何一張地圖上， 而只是人們頭腦中的一種態(tài)度。,Dominance of London: Population: 1/7 of national population Politics: national capital Culture: long history Business: big companies,Dominance of England Population: over 80% of nation Area: over of nation,Par 2, p. 5 England is physically the largest of the four nations, and it has by far the largest population. This dominance in size is reflected in. 改譯：面積和人口的優(yōu)勢反映在,Par 3, p. 5 Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. 注釋12：英國是由許多凱爾特人的部落王國構(gòu)成的，其強(qiáng)大的文化源于中歐地區(qū)。 改：那時(shí)，英國由許多凱爾特部落王國組成，其強(qiáng)大的文化隨著凱爾特人從歐洲中部遷移到不列顛。,Meaning of England and English To foreigners, equate to Britain and British（英國） To Scots and Welsh, just England (英格蘭）,Par 3, p. 6 the English have wished to see their monarch as something other than a remote dictator, and have in fact managed to gradually bind the monarchy into a more democratic system, rather than completely rejecting it. 逐漸將君主制融入一種民主體系，而不是完全摒棄君主制。,Invasion of Britain 43 AD，Romans（羅馬帝國，歐洲） 449 AD，Anglo-Saxons（盎格魯-撒克遜人，北 歐） Late 8th-11th Century, Vikings（維京人，北歐） 1066, Normans（諾曼人，法國北部）,Par 2, p. 7 The Normans did not: rather they imported a ruling class. 諾曼人并沒有向不列顛大舉移民，而只是帶來了一個(gè)新的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)。,Scotland About 5 million people Mountianous areas,Braveheart,Are You Going to Scarbarrow Fair,Are you going to Scarborough Fair Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine Tell her to make me a cambric shirt Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Without no seams nor needle work Then shell be a true love of mine Tell her to find me an acre of land (On the side of a hill a sprinkling of leaves) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Washes the grave with silvery tears) Between the salt water and the sea strands (A soldier cleans and polishes a gun) Then shell be a true love of mine Tell her to reap it with a sickle of leather (War bellows blazing in scarlet battalions) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Generals order their soldiers to kill) And gather it all in a bunch of heather (And to fight for a cause theyve long ago forgotten) Then shell be a true love of mine Are you going to Scarborough Fair Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine,Par 3, p. 7 a process of joining together, so that