高一英語(yǔ)必修3全冊(cè)課件4-3LearningaboutLanguage.ppt

.詞匯過關(guān) 1_adj. 溫和的；文雅的_ adv. 2_ n. 衛(wèi)星_n. 行星_n. 恒星 3_n. 氣候 4_v. 碰撞；墜落 5_n. 萬(wàn)有引力；重力 答案：1.gentle; gently 2.satellite; planet; star 3.climate 4crash 5.gravity,.短語(yǔ)自查 1擋住光線_ 2as a result_ 3give birth to_ 答案：1.block out 2.結(jié)果 3.分娩；產(chǎn)生,.語(yǔ)法練習(xí) 判斷哪些句子是主語(yǔ)從句。 1It is certain that Miss Smith will do well in the final exam. 2We thought it strange that Tims father did not come here yesterday. 3The problem is that no one can replace him in teaching English. 4They were all very much worried over the fact that you lost heart when you failed in the exam.,5Has it been decided where the players will perform the experiment? 6I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 7It was Tom that came late for school yesterday morning. 8That we try again is a good idea. 9It seems that he is very disappointed. 10It was reported that two men were killed in the accident. 答案：1、5、8、9、10是主語(yǔ)從句。,語(yǔ)法專區(qū) 名詞性從句(二) 主語(yǔ)從句 1概念 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句主要由that和wh詞引導(dǎo)。,2類型 1)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首。如： What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 他想要看到的是世界軍備競(jìng)賽的結(jié)束。 2)主語(yǔ)從句位于句尾，使用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。如： It was right that the temple was rescued. 這座廟被拯救了，這很好。 在下列情況下，一般使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾。,(1)謂語(yǔ)是seem, appear, be possible/impossible, be a pity, be a wonder, be likely等。如： It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. 在地球上的科學(xué)家看來(lái)，這些星體已經(jīng)移動(dòng)了。 Its a wonder you recognized me. 你能認(rèn)出我來(lái)，真是奇怪。,(2)在It is known.，It is said.，It is hoped.，It is believed.等慣用的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together. 據(jù)信，在文字發(fā)明之前，中國(guó)人靠把許多石頭聚集在一起來(lái)作記錄。 需要注意的是：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾而用形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式主語(yǔ)只能用it，而不能使用this, that等代詞。如： Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time? 若他不能按時(shí)完成工作要緊嗎？,3連接詞及其用法 1)that, whether/if 連接詞that本身沒有意義，不作句子成分，只表示從句的開始，位于句首時(shí)，that不能省略；whether/if盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其語(yǔ)義不變。whether和if也有不同的用法，如果主語(yǔ)從句位于句首則必須用連接詞whether，不用if。 Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我們是否去野營(yíng)取決于天氣情況。,2)what, who(m)，which, whose, when, where, why, how 在這一類連接詞中，除了引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句之外，在從句中又分別起代詞、副詞或形容詞的作用，在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。因此，what，who(m)，which又稱為連接代詞；when, where, why, how又稱為連接副詞；whose, which, what又稱為連接形容詞。試比較：,Who will do it doesnt matter.(連接代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)去做這件事沒關(guān)系。 What we need is more water.(連接代詞what在從句中作need的賓語(yǔ)) 我們所需要的是更多的水。 Which of the two is better remains to be seen.(連接代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 這兩者中哪個(gè)更好還要再看。 When we will start the work is an important question.(連接副詞when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 我們什么時(shí)候開始工作是個(gè)很重要的問題。,Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.(連接副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) 這個(gè)圖書館要建在哪里還未決定。 Why she was late for school is quite clear now.(連接副詞why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)) 她上學(xué)遲到的原因現(xiàn)在看來(lái)很清楚。 Which plan is better will be announced later.(連接形容詞which在從句中作名詞plan的定語(yǔ)) 哪個(gè)計(jì)劃更好稍后會(huì)宣布。,3)whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever whatever等連接詞與what等連接代詞的用法一樣，只是具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)義，有“凡是、不管、無(wú)論”等意思。如： Whatever he said wasnt true. 他說的任何事情都不是事實(shí)。 Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it. 不管誰(shuí)猜對(duì)了我手里拿的東西，這東西就給他(她)。 Whichever book you choose is yours. 無(wú)論你選中哪本書都?xì)w你。,【牛刀小試】 (1)(2009天津7)It is obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future. Aas Bwhich Cwhether Dthat 答案：D 考查句式。It is obvious thatclause“顯而易見；一目了然”。句意：學(xué)生們很明白他們應(yīng)該為未來(lái)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。,(2)(2009上海37)It is immediately clear_the financial crisis will soon be over. Asince Bwhat Cwhen Dwhether 答案：D 考查主語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)是否會(huì)很快結(jié)束是很明顯的事情?！笆欠瘛庇脀hether表示，不能選when是因?yàn)閺木渲杏蓅oon這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,(3)(2008上海36)It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. Aif Bbecause Cwhen Dthat 答案：D 句意：已經(jīng)證實(shí)童年時(shí)期食用蔬菜有助于晚年保護(hù)自己身患嚴(yán)重的疾病。It has been proved that.為主語(yǔ)從句，表示“已經(jīng)證明” 。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能證明他確實(shí)犯了這些罪嗎？,(4)(2008福建27)_is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. AIt BWhat CAs DWhich 答案：B 本題考查了主語(yǔ)從句的用法。what引導(dǎo)整個(gè)句子作第二個(gè)is的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又在從句中作主語(yǔ)。,(5)(2008山東23)_was most important to her, she told me, was her family. AIt BThis CWhat DAs 答案：C 本題主要考查主語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：她告訴我，對(duì)她來(lái)說最重要的是家庭。she told me為插入語(yǔ)，what was most important to her為主語(yǔ)從句，其中what又是主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。其他選項(xiàng)無(wú)此雙重語(yǔ)法功能。,(6)(2008浙江4)_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. AAnyone BThe one CWhoever DWho 答案：C 考查主語(yǔ)從句。whoever意為“任何人，無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，作從句_wants to stay in a hotel 的主語(yǔ)。anyone意為“任何一個(gè)人”。the one意為“那人，某人”。都不能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。who意為“誰(shuí)”， 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句含有疑問的意味。,(7)(2007福建35)It is none of your business_other people think about you.Believe yourself. Ahow Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen,答案：B what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作think about的賓語(yǔ)。it作形式主語(yǔ)。為了使句子保持平衡，常用it代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到后面。how引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，意為“如何”。which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，意為“哪一個(gè)”。when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。,(8)(2007陜西8)_parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. AThat BWhich CWhat DAs,答案：C what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作say和do的賓語(yǔ)，表示“父母說的話和做的事”。which和what都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并都可以在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但which指已知中的未知，范圍較窄，所指事物比較明確，含有選擇的意味。what卻指未知，范圍較寬，所指事物比較含糊。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句只起連接作用不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。as用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。,(9)(2007上海39)_he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. AThat BWhat CWhether DWhere 答案：B what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作referred to的賓語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分。whether意為“是否”。where意為“在地方”。,(10)(2006遼寧30)_makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. AWhat BWho CWhatever DWhoever 答案：A what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。表示這個(gè)商店經(jīng)常提供個(gè)性化服務(wù)使得它與眾不同。who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表示“誰(shuí)”。whatever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表示“無(wú)論什么”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)任何一件事都可使這個(gè)商店與眾不同。whoever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，表示無(wú)論誰(shuí)都可以使這個(gè)商店與眾不同。,(11)(2010浙江9)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 答案：B 句意：盡管大約有兩千人已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但它能帶來(lái)什么樣的副作用還不確定。what side effect“什么樣的副作用”。,(12)(2010安徽33)Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one_it becomes available. Aas soon as Bunless Cas fa