英文寫作及準(zhǔn)備的幾個(gè)技巧.doc

英文寫作及準(zhǔn)備的幾個(gè)技巧 小弟不才，迄今才撰寫了三篇英文文章，但寫作過(guò)程中也積累了一點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不敢敝帚自珍，今天也斗膽向各位蟲(chóng)友貢獻(xiàn)一下。我這幾篇文章，不論內(nèi)容如何，但每次審稿人對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的都是還不錯(cuò)的，wellwritten，總結(jié)起來(lái)不外有三個(gè)小竅門： 一是平時(shí)多積累。我在日常讀文獻(xiàn)的時(shí)候，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)很好的句子句式，都會(huì)記錄在一個(gè)文檔里面，如下面的一段話，就是我在一篇文章的摘要中發(fā)現(xiàn)的： Thispaperdescribestheconceptofsensorworkswhichhasbeenmadeviablebytheconvergenceofmicroelectro-mechanicalsystemstechnology,wirelessmunicationsanddigitalelectronics.First,thesensingtasksandthepotentialsensorworksapplicationsareexplored,andareviewoffactorsinfluencingthedesignofsensorworksisprovided.Then,themunicationarchitectureforsensorworksisoutlined,andthealgorithmsandprotocolsdevelopedforeachlayerintheliteratureareexplored.Openresearchissuesfortherealizationofsensorworksarealsodiscussed. 文章用詞忌重復(fù)，中文如此，英文亦然。特別是動(dòng)詞的使用，如在一段話中出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)相同的動(dòng)詞，感覺(jué)文章就跌價(jià)不少，而如果用了幾個(gè)意思相近而又貼切的詞，自然就會(huì)增色幾分。如上文中的describe，explore，provide，outline和discuss，就使得文章有了文采，值得學(xué)習(xí)和收藏。堅(jiān)持收集例句，素材多了，自然自己的造句的時(shí)候就有底子了。此外，還要注意，在收集例句的過(guò)程，隨著例句的增多，也需要對(duì)例句進(jìn)行和分類，方便學(xué)習(xí)和檢索。 二是注意行文中Transitionwords的使用。Transitionwords就是在行文過(guò)程中，連接意義相關(guān)句子的詞，如Therefore，thus，inparticular等等。使用這些詞，會(huì)使得文章連貫性好，邏輯性強(qiáng)，讀起來(lái)一氣呵成，自然會(huì)給審稿人好印象。下面是一個(gè)關(guān)于Transitionwords的一個(gè)總結(jié)，供各位蟲(chóng)友參考： TransitionsStudySheet Transitionsfortime: before,afterward,after,next,then,assoonas,later,until,when,finally,last,meanwhile,during,attimes,sometimes,oftentimes Example:WWIIbrokeoutinEuropein1939.DuringthistimetheUnitedStatesremainedneutral.Itwasntuntil1941,afterJapanbombedPearlHarbor,thattheUnitedStatesenteredthewar.Afteritsentry,itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforetheAlliesdefeatedGermanyandtheAxispowers. Transitionsforplace: inthebackground,inthedistance,beyond,behind,above,below,infrontof,elsewhere,inthemiddle,totheleft,totheright Example:MyfavoritepaintingisBotticellisBirthofVenus.InthemiddleofthepaintingstandsVenus,theRomangoddessoflove,standingonaseashell.Shefloatsmajesticallyabovethebeautifulwaterbelowher.Toherleftafigurerepresentingwindblowsfierce cloudsofwindinherdirection.Toherrightafigurebehindherattemptstocoverherwithablanketandprotecther.Itisatrulybreath-takingpieceofart. Transitionsforexamples: forexample,forinstance,asanexample,like,specifically,considerasanillustration,thatis,suchas,similar,similarly Example:Oftentimespeoplewhostudyfromhistoryfailtolearnfromthemistakesofthepast.Forexample,duringWWIIHitlerdecidedtoinvadeRussiajustbeforewintertime.ThisdecisionwasthesamedecisionNapoleonmadeoverahundredyearsearlier,andHitlersarmymetasimilarfate.Hadhelearnedfromhishistory,Hitlermighthaveavoidedmakingthiscostlymistakeandtheouteforthewarmighthavebeendifferent.Forinstance,ifHitlerhaddecidedtoinvadeEnglandbysearatherthanRussiabyland,hemightwellhavewonthewar. Transitionsforemphasis: chiefly,equally,indeed,evenmoreimportant,inparticular,mostimportant,withoutadoubt,indubitably,unquestionably,definitely Example:Withoutadoubt,Chinesefoodisoneofmyfavoritecuisines.AlthoughIfindJapaneseandThaifoodequallydeliciousattimes,ChinesefoodisdefinitelymyfavoriteAsiancuisine.InparticularIenjoythespicySzechuanstyleofcookingmonlyfoundinChinesefood. Transitionsforrestatement: inshort,thatis,ineffect,inotherwords Example:WhenIaskedmygirlfriendtomarrymeshesaid,ineffect,thatshewouldntbereadyformarriageuntilaftershepletedherPhDprogram.AtfirstIwascrushed,thatis,Ifeltlikeshesaidnobecauseshedidntlovemeanymore.However,aftersheexplainedherreasonstomeIfeltbetterandagreedwithher.Inotherwords,IcameawayfeelingbetterthanIhadanticipated. Transitionsforparison: similarly,likewise,also,thesameas,differentthan,opposite,unlike,instead Example:Whenmyolderbrotherwasdecidingwheretogotocollegehespoketomyfatheraboutwhereheshouldgo.Notsurprisinglyhewenttothesameschoolmyfatherdid,MIT.WhenitwastimeformetochooseacollegeIdidtheexactopposite.IdidntaskmyfatherwhereIshouldgo,andasaresult,IdidntalsogotoMITlikeheandmybrotherdid.InsteadIwenttoUCLA. Transitionsforconcession: although,ofcourse,admittedly,true,doubtless,grantedthat,nodoubt,indubitably,withoutadoubt,definitely,certainly Example:SomepeoplemightbesurprisedtolearnthatthetwomostsuessfulNBAteamsofall-timearetheBostonCelticsandtheLosAngelesLakers.Althoughneitheroftheseteamsisverygoodrightnow,theyarethetwoteamswiththemostchampionsinNBAhistory.TheCelticsdefinitelyhadthebeststreakofthesetwoteams;winningeightchampionshipsinarowatonepoint.Admittedlythereisalwaysthechancethatsomefutureteamcouldbreakthisrecord,butthisseemsunlikely.Ofcoursenoonecanpredictthefuturewithanycertainty. Transitionsforconsequence: thus,so,then,itfollows,asaresult,therefore,hence,consequently,aordingly,because Example:Imsorry,butIcantletyouturninyourhomeworklatebecauseitwouldntbefairtotheotherstudents.Asaresultyourgradehasdroppedlowerandyouarenowfailingtheclass.Consequentlyyouneedtoget100%onthefinalsoyoucanpasstheclassandthengraduatefromCAS.Therefore,IsuggestyoustudyveryhardsoIdonthavetofailyou.Goodluck! Transitionsforconclusion: tosumup,insummary,finally,therefore,thus,inconclusion,toconclude Example:Finally,Beijinghasalotofniceplacestoshopthatappealtotourists.Tosumupthen,Beijingisawonderfulplacetovisitbecauseithasbeautifulparksandhistoricalmonuments,friendlypeopleandlotsofniceplacestoshop.ThusanytravelerswhoareplanningtoetoChinashoulddefinitelyvisitBeijingduringtheirstay. Transitionsforaddition: furthermore,inaddition,besides,next,first,second,moreover Example:UCLAisawonderfuluniversitytoattendasanundergraduate.First,itisrespectedacademicallyandiswell-knownforitshighstandardsofeducation.Furthermore,UCLAhasastrongworkofalumniwhooftenrecruitstudentstoeworkforthem.Moreoverstudentswhodosuchworkasundergraduatesoftenreceivejobswiththesesamepaniesoncetheygraduate.Inadditiontothesetwobenefits,UCLAalsohase